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Origin and Distribution of Grain Dolostone Reservoirs in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation,Sichuan Basin,China

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第1期91卷 204-218页

作者： SHEN Anjiang HU Anping PAN Liyin SHE Min petrochina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology Hangzhou 310023 Zhejiang China Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs CNPC Hangzhou 310023 Zhejiang China

Dolostones in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation have become one of the most significant gas exploration domains in China. Over a trillion cubic meters of gas reservoirs have been discovered in the Gaoshiti-Moxi area; however, the origins and distribution of the dolostone reservoirs are not well understood. This work discussed the geology and geochemistry of the dolostone reservoirs in the Longwangmiao Formation to determine their origin and distribution. Two understandings are acquired： firstly, a carbonate ramp provided excellent conditions for grain beach deposition, while the presence of a hypersaline lake was favorable for the contemporaneous dolomitization of grain beach deposits. Petrographic and geochemical evidence further confirm that the Longwangmiao dolostone was formed during the contemporaneous stage. Secondly, the reservoir characteristics indicate that the grain beach sediments provide material basis for the development of the Longwangmiao dolostone reservoirs. Reservoir dissolution simulation experiments show that the porosity of the reservoirs was formed by dissolution during contemporaneous and burial stages. The dissolution pores formed during the contemporaneous stage were controlled by sequence interfaces. The large scale dissolution vugs formed during the burial stage subsequently spread along the pre-existing porosity and fracture zones. This study therefore identified that the development of grain dolostone reservoirs in a shallow water ramp under arid climatic conditions generally met the following conditions：（1） reefal beach deposits lay a foundation for reservoir development;（2） superficial conditions are an important determining factor for reservoir porosity; and（3） burial conditions provide environment for porosity preservation and modification.

关键词： Sichuan Basin Longwangmiao Formation grain dolostone meteoric dissolution buried dissolution origin of reservoir distribution of reservoir

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Sedimentary characteristics of microbialites influenced by volcanic eruption: a case study from the Lower Cretaceous Shipu Group in Zhejiang Province, East China

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2020年第2期9卷 232-245页

作者： Xiao-Fang Wang Xiu-Cheng Tan Shao-Nan Zhang An-Jiang Shen Chang Li Guang Hu Xin Wang Zi-Liao Chen Li-Yin Pan Jie Zhang Wei Chen State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500Sichuan ProvinceChina School of Geoscience and technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500Sichuan ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)Hangzhou 310023Zhejiang ProvinceChina petrochina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology Hangzhou 310023Zhejiang ProvinceChina.

This study describes a sequence of microbialites and volcanics of the Lower Cretaceous Shipu Group, an example of microbialites influenced by volcanic activity. It is located at Shipu town in eastern Zhejiang Province on the coast of southeastern China. Based on macroscopic outcrop observations, microscopic examination of thin sections,electron probe microanalysis(EPMA), field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) imaging analysis, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS) analysis, nine microbialite–tuffite assemblages have been recognized in the section. Their thickness increased gradually upwards as volcanism decreased. There are ooids, bioclastic grains,intraclasts and tuffaceous grains in the grain shoal with local dolomitization. Above the grain shoal, microbial reefs develop either individually or conjoining with adjacent ones, and consist of stromatolites and serpulid tubes with common recrystallization. Tubes of serpulids are calcified and the tube wall is micrite. The tube and intertube parts are filled by sparry calcite. Colonial serpulids are surrounded by microbes to form stromatolites. Black layers of stromatolites contain many calcite crystals with fan-shaped growth pattern and preserved organic matter. Microbes are so well preserved in crystal lattices that the original microstructure of the microbes can be clearly observed by FESEM imaging analysis. Microbial reefs develop at a local high point near or above fair-weather wave-base where waves removed fine volcanic ashes. Interreef deposits are coarse tuffite due to physical differentiation. Volcanic activity could provide rich nutrition for microbes, but too much fine volcanic ash inhibits microbial growth. As a result, a moderate supply of volcanic ash favors the development of microbialites.

关键词： Microbialite Stromatolites Tuffite Lower Cretaceous Shipu Group

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Conglomerate Reservoir Pore Evolution Characteristics and Favorable Area Prediction: A Case Study of the Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation in the Northwest Margin of the Junggar Basin, China

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Journal of Earth science 2021年第4期32卷 998-1010页

作者： Meng Xiao Songtao Wu Xuanjun Yuan Zongrui Xie Petroleum Exploration&Production Research Institute SINOPECBeijing 100083China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development CNPCBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoirs CNPCBeijing 100083China National Energy Tight Oil and Gas R&D Center Beijing 100083China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Xinjiang Oilfield CompanyPetroChinaKaramay 834000China

This study examines the characteristics and pore evolution of the Baikouquan conglomerate reservoir in the Mahu sag of the Junggar Basin from original sedimentation and *** is based on core observation,thin section,X-ray diffraction,cathodoluminescence and image analysis,and combined with physical property and well log *** results show that conglomerate reservoir in the Baikouquan Formation can be divided into three lithofacies types:TypeⅠis argillaceous filling conglomerate facies,in which cementation and dissolution are not developed,and the interstitial material is mainly argillaceous;TypeⅡis tuffaceous filling in fine conglomerate facies,in which volcanic rock debris,illite and dissolution are developed;TypeⅢis sandstone filling conglomerate facies,in which cementation and dissolution are *** reservoir undergoes complex diagenesis,and the diagenetic sequence is:compaction→early chlorite film→early calcite cementation→detritus,feldspar and tuffaceous dissolution→quartz secondary enlargement→late calcite cementation→oil invasion→forming *** study of pore evolution shows that dissolution and calcite cementation are relatively developed in lithofacies Type III,and that compaction has a great influence on lithofacies TypeⅠand *** to comprehensive evaluation of lithofacies,diagenesis and pore structure characteristics,the reservoir space type is mainly the dissolution *** is mainly primarily mainly composed of lithofacies Type III,thickness of the gravel body is more than 25 m,porosity is generally more than 12%,which represents favorable conditions for the distribution of favorable reservoir.

关键词： conglomerate reservoir lithofacies pore evolution favorable reservoir Junggar Basin

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Insights into moisture content in coals of different ranks by low field nuclear resonance

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能源地球科学(英文) 2020年第3期1卷 93-99页

作者： Yanhui Yang Xiawei Li Yongping Zhang Yonggui Mei Ruixia Ding The CBM Exploration and Development Pilot Test Base of CNPC RenqiuHebei062550China Exploration and Development Research Institute of Huabei Oilfield Company RenqiuHebei062550China School of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing100083China Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Evaluation and Exploitation ChengduSichuan610091China Sichuan Keyuan Testing Center of Engineering technology ChengduSichuan610091China Coalbed Methane Division of Huabei Oilfield Company RenqiuHebei062550China

The moisture occurrence in coal reservoirs has important significance in the evaluation of gas-bearing properties and production of coalbed methane(CBM).In order to investigate the occurrence mechanism of moisture content of coals,a series of experiments including mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP),low temperature nitrogen gas absorption/desorption(N_(2)GA)and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)are conducted in this study to characterize and quantify pore structure *** nature of occurrence of moisture content in coal reservoir pores is then divided into four categories by NMR saturation and centrifugation *** bound water content in the adsorption pore accounts for the highest *** on the relevance of bound water content and its influencing factors,moisture occurrence in coal reservoirs of different ranks is revealed by SPSS statistical *** moisture content of low-rank coal is mainly controlled by elemental oxygen and specific surface area,whereas for medium-and high-rank coals,this is controlled mainly by *** study finds application in CBM evaluation and development.

关键词： Pore structure Moisture content Nuclear magnetic resonance Occurrence mechanism

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Investigation of Microscopic Pore Structure and Permeability Prediction in Sand-Conglomerate Reservoirs

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Journal of Earth science 2021年第4期32卷 818-827页

作者： You Zhou Songtao Wu Zhiping Li Rukai Zhu Shuyun Xie Xiufen Zhai Lei Lei Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development CNPCBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoirs CNPCBeijing 100083China National Energy Tight Oil and Gas R&D Center Beijing 100083China School of Civil Engineering Hebei University of EngineeringHandan 056000China School of Energy Resource China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China School of Earth sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

The microscopic pore structure of sand-conglomerate rocks plays a decisive role in its exploration and development of such *** to complex gravels-cements configurations and resultant high heterogeneity in sand-conglomerate rocks,the conventional fractal dimensions are inadequate to fully characterize the pore *** on the Pia Intermingled Fractal Units(IFU)model,this paper presents a new variable-ratio factor IFU model,which takes tortuosity and boundary layer thickness into consideration,to characterize the Triassic Karamay Formation conglomerate reservoirs in the Mahu region of the Junggar Basin,Northwest *** modified model has a more powerful and flexible ability to simulate pore structures of porous media,and the simulation results are closer to the real conditions of pore space in low-porosity and low-permeability reservoirs than the conventional Pia IFU *** geometric construction of the model is simplified to allow for an easing of *** and spectral distribution of pore diameter,constructed using the modified model,are generally consistent with actual core ***,the model-computed permeability correlates well with experimental results,with a relative error of less than 15%.The modified IFU model performs well in quantitatively characterizing the heterogeneity of sand-conglomerate pore structures,and provides a methodology for the study of other similar types of heterogeneous reservoirs.

关键词： sand-conglomerate intermingled fractal units pore structure quantitative characterization permeability

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Features and origins of massive dolomite of Lower Ordovician Penglaiba Formation in the northwest Tarim Basin:Evidence from petrography and geochemistry

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Petroleum science 2021年第5期18卷 1323-1341页

作者： Zhan-Feng Qiao Shao-Nan Zhang An-Jiang Shen Guan-Ming Shao Min She Peng Cao Xiao-Wei Sun Jie Zhang Rui-Xin Guo Xiu-Cheng Tan State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengduSichuan 610500China petrochina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology HangzhouZhejiang 310023China Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoir China National Petroleum CorporationHangzhouZhejiang 310023China

An integrated petrographical and geochemical study of the massive dolomite of the lower Ordovician Penglaiba Formation of the Tarim Basin,outcropping at Yonganba recognized three dolomite types:very finely to finely crystalline nonplanar-a to planar-s dolomite(D1);medium crystalline planar-s to planar-e dolomite(D2);and coarse crystalline nonplanar-a dolomite(D3).All have been affected by burial.D1 and D2 dolomites developed initially before or during shallow burial and later recrystallized,whereas D3 dolomite replaced the initial limestone entirely during *** three dolomites have similar geochemical *** D2 dolomite tends to have more inter-crystalline pores(inherited from primary pores)and higher porosity due to its outstanding compaction resistance during shallow burial;whereas D3 dolomite does not retain appreciable primary pores due to strong cementation and pressure dissolution before *** study provides a useful model for understanding the origin and porosity development of burial dolomite,in particular Paleozoic dolomite.

关键词： Burial dolomite Dolomitization Massive dolomite Lower Ordovician Penglaiba Formation Tarim Basin

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Understanding hydraulic fracture propagation behavior in tight sandstone–coal interbedded formations: an experimentalinvestigation

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Petroleum science 2019年第1期16卷 148-160页

作者： Peng Tan Yan Jin Liang Yuan Zhen-Yu Xiong Bing Hou Mian Chen Li-Ming Wan State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum CNPC Engineering technology R&D Company Limited SINOPEC Shanghai O shore Oil & Gas Company

Whether hydraulic fractures could connect multiple gas zones in the vertical plane is the key to fracturing treatment to jointly exploit coalbed methane and tight sandstone gas through integrative hydraulic fracturing in tight sandstone–coal interbedded formations. Laboratory true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments were conducted on layered specimens with di erent combination types of natural sandstone and coal to simulate the propagation behavior of hydraulic fractures. The effects of the fracture initiation position, fracturing fluid viscosity and injection rate were discussed. The results showed that di erent fracture morphologies could be found. When initiating from coal seams, three patterns of fracture initiation and propagation were obtained:(1) The main hydraulic fracture initiated and propagated along the natural fractures and then diverged due to the effects of in situ stress and formed secondary fractures.(2) The hydraulic fracture initiated and propagated in the direction of the maximum horizontal stress.(3) Multiple fractures initiated and propagated at the same time. With the same fracturing fluid viscosity and injection rate, the hydraulic fractures initiating in sandstones had greater chances than those in coal seams to penetrate interfaces and enter neighboring layers. Excessively small or large fracturing fluid viscosity and injection rate would do harm to the vertical extension height of the induced fracture and improvement of the stimulated reservoir volume. Compared with operation parameters(fracturing fluid viscosity and injection rate), the natural weak planes in coals were considered to be the key factor that a ected the fracture propagation path. The experimental results would make some contributions to the development of tight sandstone–coal interbedded reservoirs.

关键词： Hydraulic fracturing Fracture propagation Sandstone-coal interbed Layered formation

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Dolomitization of the Ordovician subsalt Majiagou Formation in the central Ordos Basin,China:fluid origins and dolomites evolution

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Petroleum science 2021年第2期18卷 362-379页

作者： Ying Xiong Li-Chao Wang Xiu-Cheng Tan Yun Liu Ming-Jie Liu Zhan-Feng Qiao State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina Division of Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs CNPCSouthwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina Institute of Subsurface Energy Systems Clausthal University of Technology38678Clausthal-ZellerfeldGermany Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610000SichuanChina Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoir CNPCHangzhou310023ZhejiangChina

The Middle Ordovician subsalt Majiagou Formation in the Ordos Basin comprises pervasively dolomitized shallow marine limestone and is a major reservoir rich in natural gas *** types of dolomite matrix and cement were identified based on petrographic textures:(very)finely crystalline,non-planar to planar-s matrix dolomite(Md1);finely to medium crystalline,planar-s to planar-e matrix dolomite(Md2);microbialites comprising dolomite microcrystals(Md3);and finely to coarsely crystalline dolomite cement(Cd).The Md1 and Md2 dolomites were controlled by alternating lagoon-shoal facies and haveδ13C values(−1.89 to+1.45‰VPDB for Md1,−1.35 to+0.42‰VPDB for Md2)that fall within or are slightly higher than the coeval seawater,suggesting the dolomitizing fluid of evaporated ***2 dolomite was then subjected to penecontemporaneous karstification by meteoric water and burial recrystallization by sealed brines during diagenesis,as indicated by its relatively lowerδ18O values(−8.89 to−5.73‰VPDB)and higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios(0.708920–0.710199).Md3 dolomite comprises thrombolite and stromatolite and is interpreted to form by a combination of initial microbial mediation and later replacive dolomitization related to evaporated *** dolomite was associated with early-formed karst system in the Md2 host *** lowestδ18O values(−11.78 to−10.18‰VPDB)and 87Sr/86Sr ratios(0.708688–0.708725)and fluid inclusion data(Th:123–175°C)indicate involvement of hydrothermal fluid from which the Cd dolomite precipitated during deep *** results reveal the multi-stage dolomitization history of the Majiagou Formation and provide new constraints on fluid origins and dolomites evolution during deep burial in old superimposed basins,such as the Ordos Basin and elsewhere.

关键词： Dolomitization Fluid origin Dolomite reservoir Hydrothermal alteration Ordos Basin

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Elastic impedance inversion for stress indicator in weakly orthorhombic media

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Petroleum science 2022年第5期19卷 2064-2080页

作者： Guang-Zhi Zhang Rui Yang Lin Li You Zhou Huai-Zhen Chen School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(East China)QingdaoShangdong266580China School of Ocean and Earth science Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Department of Geoscience University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaT2N 1N4Canada

Hydraulic fracturing is a crucial technology for improving permeability and production of shale *** precise estimation of the stress distribution has a significant guidance for optimizing the placement of hydraulic *** that the shale gas reservoir is a weakly anisotropic medium with orthorhombic symmetry,a new stress indicator parameterized by rock mechanical parameters and fracture parameters is firstly presented to predict the differential horizontal stress ratio in shale gas ***,we derive a novel simplified P-to-P reflection coefficient and a logarithmic normalized elastic impedance(EI)as a function of Young’s modulus,Poisson’s ratio,Thomsen’s WA parameterδband normal excess compliance Z_(N).Next,we adopt azimuthal EI inversion in a Bayesian framework to estimate rock mechanics parameters and fracture parameters directly on a fractured shale gas field seismic ***,the stress indicator is determined by utilizing four inverted *** examples demonstrate that the proposed approach produces stable parameter estimates even with moderate noise,verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the *** on a field data set illustrates that the inversion results can be reasonably estimated,and the stress indicator derived by the inversion accords with the geomechanics *** with the previous method,the new stress indicator has a higher capability to describe stress characteristics in the shale *** conclude that this stress evaluation procedure can provide reliable guidance for well location deployment and hydraulic fracturing reformation.

关键词： Shale reservoir Stress Anisotropy Seismic inversion

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Pore throat characteristics of tight sandstone of Yanchang Formation in eastern Gansu,Ordos Basin

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Petroleum Research 2018年第1期3卷 33-43页

作者： Hao Wu Chunlin Zhang Youliang Ji Rui'e Liu Shang Cao Sheng Chen Yunzhao Zhang Ye Wang Wei Du Gang Liu College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting Beijing 102249China Natural Gas Geological Department PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentHebei 065007China Research Institute of Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum(Group)Co.Ltd. Shaanxi 710075China Institute of Marine Geology and Resource Ocean CollegeZhejiang UniversityZhejiang 310058China

An important factor to evaluate reservoir quality is the pore-throat ***,the strong heterogeneity makes it difficult to characterize the pore-throat distribution in tight *** field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM),high pressure mercury injection and rate-controlled mercury injection are used to investigate the pore-throat size distribution in tight sandstone reservoirs of Member 7 of the Yanchang Formation in eastern Gansu,Ordos Basin,and studies of the pore throat size controlling on physical property of the tight sandstone reservoirs are also carried *** result shows that the pore type is mainly dominated by the residual intergranular pore,dissolution pore,micropore and a few micro-fractures;the high-pressure mercury injection experiment indicates that the pore-throat size ranges from 0.0148 μm to 40mm,the pore throat more than 1 mm is less;the ratecontrolled mercury injection experiment reveals that for samples with different physical properties,the pore radius mainly varies from 80 μm to 350 μm;the throat radius exhibits the strong heterogeneity,and is from 0.12 μm to 30μm;the pore-throat size can be effectively characterized by combination of high-pressure and rate-controlled mercury injections,and it varies from 0.0148 μm to 350 μ*** permeability is mainly controlled by the large pore throat(>R_(50))which accounts for a small proportion;in the tight sandstone with the permeability greater than 0.1 mD,the permeability is mainly controlled by the micropore and mesopore;in the tight sandstone with the permeability smaller than 0.1 mD,the permeability is mainly controlled by the nanopore and micropore;the proportion of small pore throat increases with reduction of permeability,it is important that the small pore throat influences the reservoir storage property though its effect on permeability are small.

关键词： Pore-throat size High-pressure and rate-controlled mercury injections Reservoir physical property Tight sandstone Member 7 of the Yanchang Formation Eastern Gansu

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