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Carbon Energy 2024年第4期6卷 164-221页

作者： Huilin Hou Gang Shao Yang Wang Wai‐Yeung Wong Weiyou Yang Institute of Micro/Nano Materials and Devices Ningbo University of TechnologyNingboChina School of Materials science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Conversion of solar energy into H_(2) by photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is recognized as an ideal way to address the growing energy crisis and environmental *** a typical PEC cell,the construction of photoanodes is crucial to guarantee the high efficiency and stability of PEC reactions,which fundamentally rely on rationally designed semiconductors(as the active materials)and substrates(as the current collectors).In this review work,we start with a brief introduction of the roles of substrates in the PEC ***,we provide a systematic overview of representative strategies for the controlled fabrication of photoanodes on rationally designed substrates,including conductive glass,metal,sapphire,silicon,silicon carbide,and flexible ***,some prospects concerning the challenges and research directions in this area are proposed.

关键词： hydrogen photoanode photoelectrochemical substrates water splitting

Assessment on gas-polyethylene terephthalate solid interface partial discharge properties of C4F7N/CO_(2)gas mixture for eco-friendly gas insulating transformer

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High Voltage 2024年第1期9卷 35-45页

作者： Song Xiao Yifan Wang Chenhua Ren Haoran Xia Yue Zhao Jingzi Qin Xiaoxing Zhang Yi Luo Yi Li State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection School of Electrical Engineering and AutomationWuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina Beijing International S&T Cooperation Base for Plasma science and Energy Conversion Institute of Electrical EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Grid Anhui Electric Power Company Anhui Electric Power Research Institute HefeiAnhuiChina Hubei Engineering Research Center for Safety Monitoring of New Energy and Power Grid Equipment School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHubei University of TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina

The eco-friendly insulating gas perfluoroisobutyronitrile(C_(4)F_(7)N)is potentially used in gas-insulated transformers(GIT)to replace sulphur hexafluoride(SF_(6)).However,evaluation of the long-term insulation reliability and gas–solid interface discharge decomposition characteristics of the gas–solid film insulation structure in GIT is *** authors simulated the gas–solid film insulation structure in GIT and explored the interface partial discharge(PD)characteristics of C4F7N/CO_(2)gas mixture with polyethylene terephthalate(PET).The effect of gas pressure,mixing ratio on gas–solid interface gas decomposition,PET degradation was investigated,and the interaction mechanism was *** is found that the interface PD generated three degradation regions on a PET *** gas–solid interface reaction in the electrode contact region and the discharge development trace was significantly higher than that of halation *** content of gas decomposition products decreases with the increase of gas pressure and the PD intensity of SF6-PET is inferior to that of C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)under the same *** results provide reference for the development and application of C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)based GIT.

关键词： interface solid insulation

Long‐life lithium batteries enabled by a pseudo‐oversaturated electrolyte

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Carbon Energy 2024年第4期6卷 115-127页

作者： Youchun Yu Simeng Wang Juyan Zhang Weiwei Qian Nana Zhang Guangjie Shao Haiyan Bian Yuwen Liu Lan Zhang Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry College of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdaoChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Haike Group Research Institute of Innovation&Technology DongyingChina Langfang Green Industrial Technology Center LangfangChina

The specific energy of Li metal batteries(LMBs)can be improved by using high‐voltage cathode materials;however,achieving long‐term stable cycling performance in the corresponding system is particularly challenging for the liquid ***,a novel pseudo‐oversaturated electrolyte(POSE)is prepared by introducing 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl‐2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropyl ether(TTE)to adjust the coordination structure between diglyme(G2)and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI).Surprisingly,although TTE shows little solubility to LiTFSI,the molar ratio between LiTFSI and G2 in the POSE can be increased to 1:1,which is much higher than that of the saturation state,1:*** and experimental results prove that TTE promotes closer contact of the G2 molecular with Li^(+)in the ***,it also participates in the formation of electrolyte/electrode *** electrolyte shows outstanding compatibility with both the Li metal anode and typical high‐voltage ***||Li symmetric cells show a long life of more than 2000 h at 1 mA cm^(−2),1 mAh cm^(−2).In the meantime,Li||LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)cell with the POSE shows a high reversible capacity of 134.8 mAh g^(−1 )after 900 cycles at 4.5 V,1 C *** concept of POSE can provide new insight into the Li^(+)solvation structure and in the design of advanced electrolytes for LMBs.

关键词： high voltage lithium metal batteries pseudo‐oversaturated electrolyte solid electrolyte interphases(SEI) solvation structure

Heat management technology for solid-state high voltage and high repetitive pulse generators:Towards better effects and reliability

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High Voltage 2024年第1期9卷 2-21页

作者： Yanan Wang Linyuan Ren Zihao Yang Saikang Shen Zichen Deng Qi Yuan Weidong Ding Zhenjie Ding School of Electrical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina School of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina

Solid-state high voltage high repetitive pulse generators have a broad prospect in various *** high power and high-frequency operation of the pulse generator suffer from the massive heat dissipation problem,which limits the improvement of the output parameters and even affects the *** article focuses on heat management technology for high voltage high repetitive pulse ***,the typical circuit topology of the high repetitive pulse generators was *** the perspective of different application requirements,the demands of the heat management design were ***,the heat generation characteristics and difficulties of solid-state high voltage high repetitive pulse generators were ***,the different stateof-art cooling techniques were reviewed,and their applicability and limitations for the high voltage high repetitive generators were ***,a flow chart for heat management design was given.

关键词： pulse state high

Semantic segmentation via pixel-to-center similarity calculation

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第1期9卷 87-100页

作者： Dongyue Wu Zilin Guo Aoyan Li Changqian Yu Nong Sang Changxin Gao national Key Laboratory of science and Technology on Multispectral Information Processing School of Artificial Intelligence and AutomationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina Meituan Inc. BeijingChina

Since the fully convolutional network has achieved great success in semantic segmentation,lots of works have been proposed to extract discriminative pixel ***,the authors observe that existing methods still suffer from two typical challenges:(i)The intra-class feature variation between different scenes may be large,leading to the difficulty in maintaining the consistency between same-class pixels from different scenes;(ii)The inter-class feature distinction in the same scene could be small,resulting in the limited performance to distinguish different classes in each *** authors first rethink se-mantic segmentation from a perspective of similarity between pixels and class *** weight vector of the segmentation head represents its corresponding semantic class in the whole dataset,which can be regarded as the embedding of the class ***,the pixel-wise classification amounts to computing similarity in the final feature space between pixels and the class *** this novel view,the authors propose a Class Center Similarity(CCS)layer to address the above-mentioned challenges by generating adaptive class centers conditioned on each scenes and supervising the similarities between class *** CCS layer utilises the Adaptive Class Center Module to generate class centers conditioned on each scene,which adapt the large intra-class variation between different *** designed Class Distance Loss(CD Loss)is introduced to control both inter-class and intra-class distances based on the predicted center-to-center and pixel-to-center ***,the CCS layer outputs the processed pixel-to-center similarity as the segmentation *** experiments demonstrate that our model performs favourably against the state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： computer vision deep neural networks image segmentation scene understanding

Observation and verification of surface electrical explosion driven by radial-distributed pulsed current in laboratory lightning strike test

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High Voltage 2024年第1期9卷 137-149页

作者： Ruoyu Han Yuchen Cao Yakun Liu Xi Chen Ting Li Chen Li Pengfei Li State Key Laboratory of Explosion science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina Department of Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina Beijing Institute of Astronautical System Engineering BeijingChina Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology BeijingChina

The laboratory lightning test is essential for assessing the effectiveness of lightning strike protection(LSP).Particularly,direct lightning strike damage can be performed with pulsed current injection into the *** paper focuses on the dynamic process of arc plasma and shock wave behaviour in the vicinity of the‘strike’point.A rod-plate discharge load is built for testing aluminium and coated plate under 40-kA-level pulsed *** visualisation of the luminous discharge plasma and its flow field via high-speed photography(from different angles)is meticulously designed and implemented,synchronised with electro-physical *** results indicate some new mechanisms for lightning strike damage,apart from the impulse heat loading from the thermal *** transient current injection through the arc root concentrates on a thin skin layer(skin-depth effect),with the radial-attenuated current density,driving asynchronously electrical explosions on the plate *** inhomogeneous Joule heating of the plate leads to outwardly propagating phase transition and shock wave along the conductive *** addition,the electro-thermal instability is observed and regarded as the seed of irregular erosion *** information reveals two different plasma states of main discharge arc channel and adjacent surface electrical *** correspondence of the physical mechanism of electrical explosion and optical radiation is *** images for different regions depict erosion characteristics and summarise influencing factors,further confirming the mechanism *** research clarifies the role of skin-depth effect in transaction arc erosion for electrode,complements the electrical explosion theory with unevenly distributed current and helps optimise strategies of LSP.

关键词： electrical lightning radial

Electromagnetic anisotropic homogeneous model for eddy-current field in single-phase wound core

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High Voltage 2024年第1期9卷 172-181页

作者： Lijun Zhou Woyang Li Yingyi Xia Jiawei Chen Chenqingyu Zhang Xiaohu Cai Lei Guo Dongyang Wang School of Electrical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduChina

The analysis of the eddy-current field in the wound core widely used in the field of transformer energy conservation is taken as the *** the homogenisation idea to consider the unique geometry of the wound core and features of its equivalent multi-stage circular cross-section magnetic boundary,a homogeneous model consisting of a columnar material with continuous homogeneous electromagnetic anisotropy is established by deriving the Maxwell equations of the magnetic quasi-static field in the columnar coordinate ***,a homogeneous fine element model for the eddycurrent field in the wound core is established and the accuracy of the model has been verified by the test *** result shows that the homogeneous model can be effectively used for the analysis of the eddy-current field in the wound core,and the error of calculating the eddy-current loss under different excitation conditions is less than 6%under the premise of extremely saving the engineering calculation cost,which will help improve the operational performance of the wound core and contribute to the energysaving goal of the high-voltage equipment.

关键词： anisotropic coordinate excitation

Influence characteristics of water penetration on fibre-reinforced polymer/rigid polyurethane foam interface of the composite cross-arm considering natural ageing

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High Voltage 2024年第1期9卷 81-93页

作者： Jun Xie Zhe Zhou Ziqian Liu Haonan Tian Sigang Zhang Qing Xie Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Security Defense North China Electric Power UniversityBaodingChina State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company LanzhouChina

Fibre-reinforced polymer(FRP)/rigid polyurethane foam(RPUF)interface is susceptible to moisture intrusion in addition to natural ageing during *** study investigated the influence of moisture intrusion on the FRP/RPUF interface under natural ageing using experiments and molecular dynamics(MD)*** absorption,shear strength,and leakage current tests were used to clarify the changes in the interface *** degradation mechanism of moisture intrusion at the interface under natural ageing was revealed by MD simulation and *** results show that the natural ageing of interfacial materials will slightly reduce the quality of the interface but will reduce the water resistance of the material and promote the process of water intrusion into the *** addition,water mainly invades the interface through *** water penetration,the interfacial bonding strength and insulation performance significantly *** and hydrolysis of interfacial materials are the main reasons for decreased interfacial *** can cause irreversible damage to the interface,increasing interface defects and water *** vicious cycle of material hydrolysis is the ultimate cause of interfacial *** polar molecules produced by this process and the water absorbed by the interface caused the degradation of the interface insulation performance.

关键词： interface polyurethane interfacial

Analyses on an electronic voltage transformer's failure by its resonance with very fast transient overvoltage and suppression

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High Voltage 2024年第1期9卷 150-162页

作者： Ruoyu Han Houda Zhu Qing Chen Hongbin Li Yue Tong Linshan Han Yang Jiao School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina china Electric Power Research Institute WuhanChina School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina

As voltage measuring devices are widely used in the high voltage power system with a primary-secondary-fusion structure,electronic voltage transformers are directly connected to the primary conductor and would face much more serious electromagnetic environments than general secondary *** a result,they would still experience failures even when general protection measures are adopted to suppress overvoltages'*** address this issue,an innovative method is proposed after analyses are conducted on the resonance between a transformer and an *** this method,an air-cored coil is installed in a transformer to artificially shift its natural frequency and to dodge the high-frequency dominant component of a transient overvoltage,avoiding the aforementioned resonance and suppressing the secondary *** addition,simulations and laboratory tests are conducted to prove this method's validity.

关键词： transient resonance mentioned

Observation of an upward lightning flash with 21 upward positive leaders initiated from different wind turbines in wind farm

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High Voltage 2024年第1期9卷 163-171页

作者： Li Cai Yifeng Ke Wenchao Fan Ruisheng Yan Mi Zhou Jianguo Wang Yadong Fan Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Lightning Protection and Grounding Technology School of Electrical Engineering and AutomationWuhan UniversityWuhanChina

As the wind turbine height increases,the probability of multiple upward leaders flashes within the wind farm *** this study,an upward lightning flash containing 21 upward positive leaders(UPLs)initiated from different wind turbines in Zhangbei Wind Farm was *** average speed of the UPLs was 1.2×10^(5) m/s,which mostly decreased to zero before reaching the cloud *** four UPLs developed to cloud height,with prolonged periods of bright light on three of them and with a minimum duration of 126 ms.A total of nine return strokes occurred on the other two dissipated leader channels,and the numbers of strokes on the two channels was six and three,*** average interstroke interval for the return strokes was 10.5 *** of these nine return strokes had peak currents smaller than 10 *** high-speed video frames confirmed that competition does exist between the UPLs,and the range of shielding effects increases as the height of the ULs *** effect of fan rotation on the initiation of upward leaders and the shielding effect between the wind turbines and upward leaders are discussed.

关键词： flash return initiated