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Endothelial progenitor cells as factors in neovascularization and endothelial repair

World Journal of cardiology 2010年第12期2卷 411-420页

作者： Stefano capobianco Venu chennamaneni Mayank Mittal Department of cardiology Gaetano Rummo Hospital Department of Internal Medicine University of Missouri-Columbia

Endothelial progenitor cells(EPcs)are a heterogeneous population of cells that are provided by the bone marrow and other adult tissue in both animals and *** express both hematopoietic and endothelial surface markers,which challenge the classic dogma that the presumed differentiation of cells into angioblasts and subsequent endothelial and vascular differentiation occurred exclusively in embryonic *** breakthrough stimulated research to understand the mechanism(s)underlying their physiologic function to allow development of new therapeutic *** focus has been on their ability to form new vessels in injured tissues,and another has been on their ability to repair endothelial damage and restore both monolayer integrity and endothelial function in denuded ***,measures of their density have been shown to be a better predictor of cardiovascular events,both in healthy and coronary artery disease populations than the classical tools used in the clinic to evaluate the risk *** the present paper we review the effects of EPcs on revascularization and endothelial repair in animal models and human studies,in an attempt to better understand their function,which may lead to potential advancement in clinical management.

关键词： Atherosclerosis Bone marrow Endothelial dysfunction Endothelial progenitor cells Neovascularization Stem cells

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Inflammation and reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular disease

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World Journal of cardiology 2010年第12期2卷 408-410页

作者： Bradley T Andresen Department of Internal Medicine 1 Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and Harry S Truman VAMC

Reactive oxygen species(roS)have long been proposed to be mediators of experimental cardiovascular *** is also a wealth of data indicating that roS are involved in clinical cardiovascular ***,multiple clinical studies have shown little benefit from anti-oxidant treatments,whereas nearly all experimental studies have shown a marked effect of anti-oxidant *** reason for this discrepancy is that roS are produced through multiple different mechanisms of which some are clinically beneficial;thus,in a defined experimental system where predominately pathological roS are generated does not mimic a clinical setting where there are likely to be multiple roS generating systems producing beneficial and pathological *** inhibition of roS would not be expected to have the same result in these two situations;ergo,it is important to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the production of roS so that clinical treatments can be tailored to target the pathological production of *** such example of this in cardiovascular biology is tissue specific inflammation-mediated roS *** and the following series of articles discuss the current understanding of the role of roS in cardiovascular disease,specifically focusing on the molecular mechanisms of roS generation and the actions of roS within the cardiovascular *** there are still many areas with regard to the effects of roS in the cardiovascular system that are not completely understood,there is a wealth of data suggesting that blocking pathological roS production is likely to have beneficial clinical effects compared to traditional anti-oxidants.

关键词： Anti-oxidants Inflammation Oxidants Pathology Reactive oxygen species

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coronary microvascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus:A review

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World Journal of cardiology 2010年第11期2卷 377-390页

作者： Andrea Picchi Stefano capobianco Marta Focardi Department of cardiology Misericordia HospitalVia Senese 16158100 GrossetoItaly Department of cardiology Gaetano Rummo HospitalVia Dell'Angelo 182100 BeneventoItaly

The exploration of coronary microcirculatory dysfunction in diabetes has accelerated in recent *** function is compromised in *** patients manifest accelerated atherosclerosis in coronary *** data are confirmed in diabetic animal mod-els,where lesions of small coronary arteries have been *** concepts are epitomized in the classic microvascular complications of diabetes,***,kidney failure and distal dry *** importantly,accumulating data indicate that insights gained from the link between inflammation and diabetes can yield predictive and prognostic information of considerable clinical *** review summarizes the evidence for the predisposing factors and the mechanisms involved in diabetes,and assesses the current state of knowledge regarding the triggers for inflammation in this *** evaluate the roles of hyperglycemia,oxidative stress,polyol pathway,protein kinase c,advanced glycation end products,insulin resistance,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ,inflammation,and diabetic cardiomyopathy as a "stem cell disease".Furthermore,we discuss the mechanisms responsible for impaired coronary arteriole ***,we consider how new insights in diabetes may provide innovative therapeutic strategies.

关键词： coronary artery Diabetes Endothelial dysfunction Hyperglycemia Inflammation Insulin Microcirculation Nitric oxide Oxidative stress

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