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Artificial intelligence for early detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: The future is promising

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第13期27卷 1283-1295页

作者： Antonio Mendoza Ladd David L Diehl Department of Internal Medicine Division of GastroenterologyTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTX 79905United States Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition Geisinger Medical CenterDanvillePA 17822United States

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) is a worldwide public health concern. Despite extensive research efforts toward improving diagnosis and treatment, the 5-year survival rate at best is approximately 15%. This dismal figure can be attributed to a variety of factors including lack of adequate screening methods, late symptom onset, and treatment resistance. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains a grim diagnosis with a high mortality rate and a significant psychological burden for patients and their families. In recent years artificial intelligence(AI) has permeated the medical field at an accelerated pace, bringing potential new tools that carry the promise of improving diagnosis and treatment of a variety of diseases. In this review we will summarize the landscape of AI in diagnosis and treatment of PDAC.

关键词： Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Artificial intelligence Neural network Future perspectives Early diagnosis Improved performance

Mechanisms of bone pain:Progress in research from bench to bedside

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Bone Research 2022年第3期10卷 440-453页

作者： Gehua Zhen Yuhan Fu Chi Zhang Neil C.Ford Xiaojun Wu Qichao Wu Dong Yan Xueming Chen Xu Cao Yun Guan Department of Orthopedics Johns Hopkins UniversitySchool of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205USA Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins UniversitySchool of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205USA Division of Pathology Sibley Memorial Hospital WashingtonWashingtonDC 20016USA Department of Oncology Beijing Luhe HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100149China Department of Orthopedics Beijing Luhe HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100149China Department of Neurological Surgery Johns Hopkins UniversitySchool of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205USA

The field of research on pain originating from various bone diseases is expanding rapidly, with new mechanisms and targets asserting both peripheral and central sites of action. The scope of research is broadening from bone biology to neuroscience,neuroendocrinology, and immunology. In particular, the roles of primary sensory neurons and non-neuronal cells in the peripheral tissues as important targets for bone pain treatment are under extensive investigation in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. An understanding of the peripheral mechanisms underlying pain conditions associated with various bone diseases will aid in the appropriate application and development of optimal strategies for not only managing bone pain symptoms but also improving bone repairing and remodeling, which potentially cures the underlying etiology for long-term functional recovery. In this review, we focus on advances in important preclinical studies of significant bone pain conditions in the past 5 years that indicated new peripheral neuronal and non-neuronal mechanisms, novel targets for potential clinical interventions, and future directions of research.

关键词： pain clinical diseases

Does higher tax rate affect tobacco usage?Unravelling the nexus between tobacco regulatory control and public health concern

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Global Health Journal 2023年第4期7卷 212-221页

作者： Mominur Rahman Bishawjit Chandra Deb Jahid Hasan Mahabubul Alam Tahmina Begum H.M.Miraz Mahmud Mohammad Shamimul Islam Muhammad Shajib Rahman Major in Accounting&Information Systems Research WingBangldesh Institute of Governance and Management Dhaka 1207Bangladesh Department of Accounting&Information Systems Comilla UniversityCumilla 3506Bangladesh Department of Management Studies Comilla UniversityCumilla 3506Bangladesh Department of Accounting Bhasha Soinik Ajit Guha CollegeComilla 3500Bangladesh Bangladesh Center for Communication Programs Dhaka 1216Bangladesh

Objectives:Bangladesh stands as a prominent global consumer of tobacco,with alarming consequences on public *** Global Adult Tobacco Survey reported that tobacco consumption claimed over 126000 lives in 2018,contributing to 13.5%of all deaths in the *** study aims to explore the effectiveness of higher tax rates and tobacco use regulation as control mechanisms in mitigating tobacco consumption and health care cost burden,with a particular emphasis on its implications for public ***:This study is based on the annual time series data over the period *** study employs the ordinary least square method to analyze the quantitative confirming the stationarity of data at *** research uses different models to investigate individual effects and combined effects on both tobacco consumption and tobacco health care cost ***:The study finds a negative relationship between tobacco tax rate and tobacco *** specifically,the higher tax rate of tobacco(low(β=-0.3495),medium(β=-0.2319),high(β=-0.9033),premium(β=-0.7322),filtered(β=-0.2114),and non-filtered(β=-0.3452)categories)is significant to reduce tobacco use at 1%level of *** study finds similar results when it applied tobacco retail price instead of tobacco tax rate as the independent ***,the study investigates the impact on health care cost through tobacco consumption,tobacco control law,growth rate,export-import,and tobacco *** results indicate that tobacco consumption,export-import,and tobacco production increases health care cost burden while tobacco use regulatory decreases *** reducing tobacco consumption,higher taxes and tobacco use regulation contribute to alleviating the burden on the healthcare system,promoting healthier lifestyles,and aligning with global health ***:Higher tax rate on tobacco products is necessary to increase the retail price so that tobacco users cannot consume ***

关键词： Tobacco tax Taxation Tobaccouse Public health Tobacco control Health care cost

Closed-loop superconducting materials discovery

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 471-478页

作者： Elizabeth A.Pogue Alexander New Kyle McElroy Nam Q.Le Michael J.Pekala Ian McCue Eddie Gienger Janna Domenico Elizabeth Hedrick Tyrel M.McQueen Brandon Wilfong Christine D.Piatko Christopher R.Ratto Andrew Lennon Christine Chung Timothy Montalbano Gregory Bassen Christopher D.Stiles Research and Exploratory Development Department Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory11100 Johns Hopkins RoadLaurel 20723 MDUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University2220 Campus DriveEvanston 60208 ILUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N.Charles StreetBaltimore 21218 MDUSA Department of Chemistry Johns Hopkins University3400 N.Charles StreetBaltimore 21218 MDUSA Institute for Quantum Matter William H.Miller III Department of Physics and AstronomyJohns Hopkins University3400 N.Charles StreetBaltimore 21218 MDUSA

Discovery of novel materials is slow but necessary for societal ***,we demonstrate a closed-loop machine learning(ML)approach to rapidly explore a large materials search space,accelerating the intentional discovery of superconducting *** experimentally validating the results of the ML-generated superconductivity predictions and feeding those data back into the ML model to refine,we demonstrate that success rates for superconductor discovery can be more than *** four closed-loop cycles,we report discovery of a superconductor in the Zr-In-Ni system,re-discovery of five superconductors unknown in the training datasets,and identification of two additional phase diagrams of interest for new superconducting *** work demonstrates the critical role experimental feedback provides in ML-driven discovery,and provides a blueprint for how to accelerate materials progress.

关键词： discovery materials loop

Assessment of periportal fibrosis in Schistosomiasis mansoni patients by proton nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomics models

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第4期14卷 719-728页

作者： Milena Lima Rodrigues Tatiane Priscila Santos Rodrigues da Luz Caroline Louise Diniz Pereira Andrea Dória Batista Ana Lúcia Coutinho Domingues Ricardo Oliveira Silva Edmundo Pessoa Lopes Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical Centro de Ciências MédicasUniversidade Federal de PernambucoRecife 50670-901PernambucoBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Centro de Ciências Exatas e da NaturezaUniversidade Federal de PernambucoRecife 50670-740PernambucoBrazil Hospital das Clínicas Departamento de Medicina ClínicaUniversidade Federal de PernambucoRecife 50670-901PernambucoBrazil

BACKGROUND The evaluation of periportal fibrosis(PPF)is essential for a prognostic assessment of patients with Schistosomiasis *** WHO Niamey Protocol defines patterns of fibrosis from abdominal ultrasonography,^(1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based metabonomics has been employed to assess liver fibrosis in some *** To build 1H-NMR-based metabonomics models(MM)to discriminate mild from significant periportal PPF and identify differences in the metabolite *** A prospective cross-sectional study was performed on schistosomiasis patients at a university Hospital in Northeastern *** evaluated 41 serum samples from 10 patients with mild PPF(C Niamey pattern)and 31 patients with significant PPF(D/E/F Niamey patterns).MM were built using partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)*** PLS-DA and OPLS-DA resulted in discrimination between mild and significant PPF groups with R2 and Q2 values of 0.80 and 0.38 and 0.72 and 0.42 for each model,*** OPLS-DA model presented accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity values of 92.7%,90.3%,and 100%to discriminate significant *** metabolites identified as responsible by discrimination were:Nacetylglucosamines,alanine,glycolaldehyde,carbohydrates,and *** MMs discriminated mild from significant PPF patterns in patients with Schistosomiasis mansoni through identification of differences in serum metabolites profiles.

关键词： Metabolomics Portal hypertension Schistosoma mansoni Biomarkers Neglected disease Nuclear magnetic resonance

Synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon dots from lemon and onion juices for determination of riboflavin in multivitamin/mineral supplements

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2019年第3期9卷 209-216页

作者： Severino S. Monte-Filho Stefani I.E. Andrade Marcelo B. Lima Mario C.U. Araujo Universidade Federal da Paraíba CCEN Departamento de Química P.O. Box 5093 Zip Code 58051-970 Joao Pessoa PB Brazil Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco-Unidade Acad^emica de Serra Talhada UAST Zip Code 56909-535 Serra Talhada PE Brazil

In this work, lemon and onion biomasses commonly found in street markets are for the first time used to develop a facile, fast and low-cost one-step microwave-assisted carbonization method for synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon dots (CDs). The structure and optical properties of CDs were investigated by TEM, XRD, XRF, UV-Vis, FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy. CDs displayed satisfactory optical pro-prieties, a high quantum yield of 23.6%, and excellent water solubility, and the particle size was 4.23-8.22 nm with an average diameter of 6.15 nm. An efficient fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the CDs and riboflavin was achieved with CDs acting as donor and riboflavin as acceptor. A linear relationship between FRET and the riboflavin concentration from 0.10 to 3.0 μg/mL was observed, allowing the development of an accurate and fast analytical method to determine this vitamin in multivitamin/mineral supplements. Despite the potential interferences in these supplements, CDs were selective for riboflavin under optimized conditions. A paired t-test at a 95% confidence level indicated no statistically significant difference between the proposed and the reference methods. Recovery test presented values ranged from 96.0% to 101.4%. The limit of detection and relative standard deviation were estimated at 1.0 ng/mL and <2.6% (n = 3), respectively. CDs were successfully synthesized in a domestic microwave oven (1450 W, 6 min), presenting satisfactory parameters when compared with results of other studies reported in the literature, suggesting that the proposed method is a potentially useful method for the synthesis of CDs and determination of riboflavin.

关键词： Carbon dots Microwave-assisted carbonization Lemon-onion juice Riboflavin Multivitamin/mineral supplements Fluorescence

Obstacles to advancing women’s health in Mozambique:a qualitative investigation into the perspectives of policy makers

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Global Health Research and Policy 2019年第1期4卷 95-104页

作者： Mary Qiu Talata Sawadogo-Lewis Katia Ngale Réka Maulide Cane Amilcar Magaço Timothy Roberton johns hopkins university–Bloomberg School of Public Health BaltimoreUSA Instituto Nacional de Saúde Ministry of HealthMaputoMozambique

Background: Despite substantial investment in women’s health over the past two decades, and enthusiasticgovernment support for MDG 5 and SDG 3, health indicators for women in Mozambique remain among the lowest inthe world. Maternal mortality stayed constant from 2003 to 2011, with an MMR of 408;the estimated HIV prevalencefor women of 15-24 years is over twice that for men;and only 12.1% of women are estimated to be using moderncontraception. This study explores the perspectives of policy makers in the Mozambican health system and affiliates onthe challenges that are preventing Mozambique from achieving greater gains in women’s ***: We conducted in-depth interviews with 39 senior- and mid-level policy makers in the Ministry of Health andaffiliated institutions (32 women, 7 men). Participants were sampled using a combination of systematic randomsampling and snowball sampling. Participants were asked about their experiences formulating and implementinghealth policies and programs, what is needed to improve women’s health in Mozambique, and the barriers andopportunities to achieving such ***: Participants unanimously argued that women’s health is already sufficiently prioritized in national healthpolicies and strategies in Mozambique;the problem, rather, is the implementation and execution of existing women’shealth policies and programs. Participants raised challenges related to the policy making process itself, including anever-changing, fragmented decision-making process, lack of long-term perspective, weak evaluation, and misalignmentof programs across sectors. The disproportionate influence of donors was also mentioned, with lack of ownership,rapid transitions, and vertical programming limiting the scope for meaningful change. Finally, participants reported adisconnect between policy makers at the national level and realities on the ground, with poor dissemination ofstrategies, limited district resources, and poor consideration of local c

关键词： Women’s health Mozambique Implementation Policy making Obstacles

一项氢吗啡酮和吗啡鞘内镇痛用于难治性癌痛的多中心、单盲、平行对照、非劣效临床研究

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中华医学杂志 2021年第43期101卷 3541-3541页

作者： Ma K Jin Y Wang L 纪运(编译) 不详上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院疼痛科

氢吗啡酮可替代吗啡用于鞘内药物输注系统(IDDS)治疗难治性癌痛,然而,尚未有充分的临床证据来证明。此项研究纳入来自中国12个疼痛管理中心的233例患者,随机分为两组:鞘内输注氢吗啡酮组(ITHM,n=121)和鞘内输注吗啡组(ITMO,n=112)。主... 详细信息

氢吗啡酮可替代吗啡用于鞘内药物输注系统(IDDS)治疗难治性癌痛,然而,尚未有充分的临床证据来证明。此项研究纳入来自中国12个疼痛管理中心的233例患者,随机分为两组:鞘内输注氢吗啡酮组(ITHM,n=121)和鞘内输注吗啡组(ITMO,n=112)。主要观察指标为临床成功率,定义为患者疼痛缓解≥50%的比率。非劣效性界值(NIm)为15%。次要观察指标包括每日疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、爆发痛(BTP)发生率、鞘内药物剂量、患者静脉自控镇痛(PCA)按压次数、焦虑抑郁状态(患者健康问卷抑郁量表PHQ-9、广泛性焦虑量表GAD-7)。

关键词：氢吗啡酮观察指标临床证据焦虑抑郁状态难治性癌痛按压次数平行对照单盲

PICU儿童急性康复流行率:一项加拿大多中心点流行率研究(PARK-PICU加拿大)

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中国小儿急救医学 2021年第10期28卷 858-858页

作者：方伯梁(译) 钱素云(校) Choong K Zorko DJ Awojoodu R 首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院不详

目的评估加拿大PICUs内患儿活动情况,面临障碍和相关不良事件。设计全国2天点发生率研究。场所全加拿大13家PICUs。对象在指定研究日时已在PICU住院至少72h的患儿。干预无。测量方法和主要结果关注的预后指标包括运动活动性质和发生率,... 详细信息

目的评估加拿大PICUs内患儿活动情况,面临障碍和相关不良事件。设计全国2天点发生率研究。场所全加拿大13家PICUs。对象在指定研究日时已在PICU住院至少72h的患儿。干预无。测量方法和主要结果关注的预后指标包括运动活动性质和发生率,康复资源,不良事件以及与下床活动和治疗师提供的活动相关的因素。两家PICUs(15%)有早期临床活动指南,1家(8%)PICU报告有让家属参与患儿活动的正式流程。活动发生率为110/137(80%)患者日。最常见形式为下床活动(87/137,64%患者日);46(34%)患者日无主动活动。33%的患者日,治疗师提供了活动。活动最常由护士(74%)和家庭成员(49%)实施。家庭参与与下床活动密切相关(OR 6.4,P=0.001)。插管机械通气患儿在18/50(36%)患者日被动下床活动。但气管插管、血管活性药物输注和年龄≥3岁与未能下床活动独立相关。障碍报告于58/137(42%)患者日,22/387(6%)的活动中发生不良事件。结论活动是常见和安全的,加拿大PICUs中大多数儿童正在下床活动,即使正接受机械通气。家庭参与PICU内康复正在增加。这项研究提供了令人鼓舞的证据,表明可以克服常见障碍以使PICU儿童得以安全活动。

关键词：重症监护儿科康复物理治疗职业治疗发育儿科学重症监护病房