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Comprehensive analysis of glacier recession(2000-2020)in the Nun-Kun Group of Glaciers,Northwestern Himalaya

Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第3期21卷 768-785页

作者： Shakil Ahmad ROMSHOO Ummer AMEEN Mustafa Hameed BHAT Tariq ABDULLAH Department of Geoinformatics University of KashmirSrinagarKashmir 190006India Islamic University of Science and Technology AwantiporaKashmir 192122India Centre of Excellence for Glacier Studies in the Western Himalaya University of KashmirSrinagarKashmir 190006India

Himalayan glaciers are shrinking rapidly,especially after *** shrinkage,however,shows a differential pattern in space and time,emphasizing the need to monitor and assess glacier changes at a larger *** this study,changes of 48 glaciers situated around the twin peaks of the Nun and Kun mountains in the northwestern Himalaya,hereafter referred to as Nun-Kun Group of Glaciers(NKGG),were investigated using Landsat satellite data during *** in glacier area,snout position,Equilibrium Line Altitude(ELA),surface thickness and glacier velocity were assessed using remote sensing data supplemented by field *** study revealed that the NKGG glaciers have experienced a recession of 4.5%±3.4%and their snouts have retreated at the rate of 6.4±1.6 m·a^(-1).Additionally,there was a 41%increase observed in the debris cover area during the observation *** the geodetic approach,an average glacier elevation change of-1.4±0.4 m·a^(-1)was observed between 2000 and *** observed mass loss of the NKGG has resulted in the deceleration of glacier velocity from 27.0±3.7 m·a^(-1)in 2000 to 21.2±2.2 m·a^(-1)in *** ELA has shifted upwards by 83.0±22 m during the *** morphological and topographic factors showed a strong influence on glacier ***,a higher recession of 12.9%±3.2%was observed in small glaciers,compared to 2.7%±3.1%in larger *** debris-covered glaciers showed lower shrinkage(2.8%±1.1%)compared to the clean glaciers(9.3%±5%).The glacier depletion recorded in the NKGG during the last two decades,if continued,would severely diminish glacial volume and capacity to store water,thus jeopardizing the sustainability of water resources in the basin.

关键词： Nun-Kun range Glacier recession Glacier snout Remote Sensing Himalaya Glacier velocity

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Spatio-temporal variation of land surface temperature and temperature lapse rate over mountainous Kashmir Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第3期15卷 563-576页

作者： Shakil Ahmad ROMSHOO Mohammd RAFIQ Irfan RASHID Department of Earth Sciences University of Kashmir

In this study, Land Surface Temperature(LST) and its lapse rate over the mountainous Kashmir Himalaya was estimated using MODIS data and correlated with the observed in-situ air temperature(Tair) data. Comparison between the MODIS LST and Tair showed a close agreement with the maximum error of the estimate ±1°C and the correlation coefficient >0.90. Analysis of the LST data from 2002-2012 showed an increasing trend at all the selected locations except at a site located in the southeastern part of Kashmir valley. Using the GTOPO30 DEM, MODIS LST data was used to estimate the actual temperature lapse rate(ATLR) along various transects across Kashmir Himalaya, which showed significant variations in space and time ranging from 0.3°C to 1.2°C per 100 m altitude change. This observation is at variance with the standard temperature lapse rate(STLR) of 0.65°C used universally in most of the hydrological and other land surface models. Snowmelt Runoff Model(SRM) was used to determine the efficacy of using the ATLR for simulating the stream flows in one of the glaciated and snow-covered watersheds in Kashmir. The use of ATLR in the SRM model improved the R2 between the observed and predicted streamflows from 0.92 to *** is hoped that the operational use of satellite-derived LST and ATLR shall improve the understanding and quantification of various processes related to climate, hydrology and ecosystem in the mountainous and data-scarce Himalaya where the use of temperature and ATLR are critical parameters for understanding various land surface and climate processes.

关键词： MODIS Land Surface Temperature Lapse Rate DEM Snowmelt Runoff Model Himalaya

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Purification and concentration of gluconic acid from an integrated fermentation and membrane process using response surface optimized conditions

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019年第1期13卷 152-163页

作者： Parimal Pal Ramesh Kumar Subhamay Banerjee Environment and Membrane Technology Laboratory Chemical Engineering Department National Institute of Technology Durgapur West Bengal 713209 India Department of Chemistry The University of Burdwan West Bengal 713104 India

A response surface method was used to optimize the purification and concentration of gluconic acid from fermentation broth using an integrated membrane system. Gluconobacter oxydans was used for the bioconversion of the glucose in sugarcane juice to gluconic acid (concentration 45 g·L^-1) with a yield of 0.9 g·g^-1. The optimum operating conditions, such as trans-membrane pressure (TMP), pH, cross-flow rate (CFR) and initial gluconic acid concentration, were determined using response surface methodology. Five different types of polyamide nanofiltration membranes were screened and the best performing one was then used for downstream purification of gluconic acid in a flat sheet cross-flow membrane module. under the optimum conditions (TMP=12 bar and CFR=400 L·h^-1), this membrane retained more than 85% of the unconverted glucose from the fermentation broth and had a gluconic acid permeation rate of 88% with a flux of 161 L·m^-2·h^-1. Using response surface methods to optimize this green nanofiltration process is an effective way of controlling the production of gluconic acid so that an efficient separation with high flux is obtained.

关键词： gluconic acid optimized nanofiltration green processing process intensification

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NiCo2O4 decorated PANI–CNTs composites as supercapacitive electrode materials

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2017年第1期26卷 175-181页

作者： Gunjana Chaudhary Ashok K.Sharma Preetam Bhardwaj Kamal Kant Indu Kaushal Ajay K.Mishra Thin Film Laboratory Department of Materials Science and NanotechnologyDeenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and TechnologyMurthal 131039India Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit College of ScienceUniversity of South AfricaUnisa Science CampusJohannesburgSouth Africa

Hierarchical Ni CoO/PANI/CNTs hybrid composites were designed and fabricated having a layer of Ni CoOon the surface of PANI encapsulated CNTs with different morphologies. Physicochemical attributes of the synthesized composites were examined by FTIR, UV–visible and X-ray diffraction（XRD）techniques. Morphological aspects were evaluated by field-emission scanning microscopy（FESEM）,electron diffraction spectroscopy（EDS）, high resolution transmission electron microscopy（HRTEM） and selected area electron diffraction（SAED） studies. Electrochemical measurements revealed an improved specific capacitance of 2250 F/g at a scan rate of 5 m V/s and 2000 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g with good rate capability using a three-electrode system. These enhanced features are achieved from the well designed nanostructure and the synergistic contributions of individual components in the electrode material.

关键词： Polyaniline Carbon nanotubes Nickel cobaltite Supercapacitor

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Humidity sensing properties of spray deposited Fe doped TiO_(2)thin film

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Journal of Semiconductors 2021年第12期42卷 62-71页

作者： Dipak L Gapale Pranav P.Bardapurkar Sandeep A.Arote Sanjaykumar Dalvi Prashant Baviskar Ratan Y Borse S.N.Arts D.J.M.Commerce and B.N.S.Science College SangamnerDistrict Ahmednagar 422605 MSIndia Thin and Thick film Laboratory Department of ElectronicsM.S.G.CollegeMalegaon Camp(Pin 423105)District NashikMaharashtraIndia

In the present work,ferrite(Fe)doped TiO_(2)thin films with different volume percentage(vol%)were synthesized using a spray pyrolysis *** effect of Fe doping on structural properties such as crystallite size,texture coefficient,microstrain,dislocation densities *** evaluated from the X ray diffratometry(XRD)*** data revealed a polycrystalline anatase TiO_(2)phase for sample synthesized up to 2 vol%and mixed anatase and rutile crystalline phase for sample synthesized at 4 vol%Fe doped TiO_(2).The crystalline size was observed to decrease with increase in Fe dopant vol%and also other structural parameters changes with Fe dopant *** the present work,electrical resistance was observed to decrease with a rise in Fe dopant vol%and temperature of the *** properties like temperature coefficient of resistance and activation energy also showed strong correlation with Fe dopant vol%.Humidity sensing properties of the synthesized sample altered with a change in Fe dopant vol%.In the present paper,maximum sensitivity of about 88.7%for the sample synthesized with 2 vol%Fe doped TiO_(2)and also the lowest response and recovery time of about 52 and 3 s were reported for the same sample.

关键词： Fe doped TiO_(2) thin films spray pyrolysis humidity sensing

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Optimization of SnS active layer thickness for solar cell application

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Journal of Semiconductors 2017年第11期38卷 15-21页

作者： Yashika Gupta P.Arun Department of Electronic Science University of Delhi-South Campus Benito Juarez Marg Delhi 110021 India Material Science Research Lab S.G.T.B. Khalsa College University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India

This work presents a comparative study of n-SnS and p-SnS active layers for increased solar cell efficiency. Tin sulphide thin films of various thicknesses having p-type and n-type conductivity were fabricated by thermal evaporation. Both type of films had the same（113） orientation of the crystal planes with a constant tensile strain of ~ 0.003 and ~ 0.011, respectively. The persistent photocurrent was observed in all n-SnS and p-SnS samples with the current＇s time decay constant decreasing with increasing film thickness. Hole mobility of thicker p-SnS films was found to be greater than the electron mobility in n-SnS samples, with mobility（both hole and electron） showing an increasing trend with film thickness. The optimum absorber layer thickness for both p-and n-SnS layers should have a high value of diffusion length for a given absorption coefficient and band-gap.

关键词： thin film chalcogenides optical properties

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Modelling Chorabari Lake outburst flood, Kedarnath, india

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第1期16卷 64-76页

作者： Mohammd RAFIQ Shakil Ahmad ROMSHOO Anoop Kumar MISHRA Faizan JALAL Centre for Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Department of Earth Sciences University of Kashmir

In this study, the Glacier Lake Outburst Flood(GLOF) that occurred over Kedarnath in June 2013 was modeled using integrated observations from the field and Remote Sensing(RS). The lake breach parameters such as area, depth, breach, and height have been estimated from the field observations and Remote Sensing(RS) data. A number of modelling approaches, including Snow Melt Runoff Model(SRM), Modified Single Flow model(MSF), Watershed Management System(WMS), Simplified Dam Breach Model(SMPDBK) and BREACH were used to model the GLOF. Estimations from SRM produced a runoff of about 22.7 m3 during 16–17, June 2013 over Chorabari Lake. Bathymetry data reported that the lake got filled to its maximum capacity(3822.7 m3) due to excess discharge. Hydrograph obtained from the BREACH model revealed a peak discharge of about 1699 m3/s during an intense water flow episode that lasted for 10–15 minutes on 17 th June 2013. Excess discharge from heavy rainfall and snowmelt into the lake increased its hydrostatic pressure and the lake breached cataclysmically.

关键词： Glacier lake outburst flood GIS Modelling Snow Melt Runoff Kedarnath Glacier Lake

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Comprehensive Insight into the Mechanism, Material Selection and Performance Evaluation of Supercapatteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2020年第7期12卷 43-88页

作者： Saravanakumar Balasubramaniam Ankita Mohanty Suresh Kannan Balasingam Sang Jae Kim Ananthakumar Ramadoss School for Advanced Research in Polymers Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric MaterialsCentral Institute of Plastics Engineering and TechnologyBhubaneswar 751024India Department of Materials Science and Engineering Faculty of Natural SciencesNorwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)Trondheim 7491Norway Nanomaterials and Systems Laboratory Major of Mechatronics EngineeringFaculty of Applied Energy SystemJeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea

Electrochemical energy storage devices(EESs)play a crucial role for the construction of sustainable energy storage system from the point of generation to the end user due to the intermittent nature of renewable ***,to meet the demand for next-generation electronic applications,optimizing the energy and power densities of EESs with long cycle life is the crucial *** e orts have been devoted towards the search for new materials,to augment the overall performance of the *** there are a lot of ongoing researches in this field,the performance does not meet up to the level of commercialization.A further understanding of the charge storage mechanism and development of new electrode materials are highly *** present review explains the overview of recent progress in supercapattery devices with reference to their various *** di erent charge storage mechanisms and the multiple factors involved in the performance of the supercapattery are described in ***,recent advancements in this supercapattery research and its electrochemical performances are ***,the challenges and possible future developments in this field are summarized.

关键词： Supercapattery Energy density Power density Redox materials Carbon materials

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Top gate ZnO-Al2O3 thin film transistors fabricated using a chemical bath deposition technique

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Journal of Semiconductors 2015年第4期36卷 40-43页

作者： SubhraChowdhury SwarnabhaChattaraj DhrubesBiswas ParagjyotiGogoi RajibSaikia SanjibChangmai Thin Film Laboratory Department of Physics Sibsagar College Joysagar-785665 Assam India

ZnO thin films were prepared by a simple chemical bath deposition technique using an inorganic solution mixture of ZnCl2 and NH3 on glass substrates and then were used as the active material in thin film transistors （TFTs）. The TFTs were fabricated in a top gate coplanar electrode structure with high-k Al203 as the gate insulator and AI as the source, drain and gate electrodes. The TFTs were annealed in air at 500℃ for 1 h. The TFTs with a 50μm channel length exhibited a high field-effect mobility of 0.45 cm2/（V.s） and a low threshold voltage of 1.8 V. The sub-threshold swing and drain current ON-OFF ratio were found to be 0.6 V/dec and 10 6, respectively.

关键词： chemical bath deposition thin film transistors electrical properties

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An overview on importance, synthetic strategies and studies of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane(HNIW)

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第5期12卷 401-418页

作者： J.VENKATA VISWANATH K.J.VENUGOPAL N.V.SRINIVASA RAO A.VENKATARAMAN Materials Chemistry Laboratory Department of Materials Science Gulbarga University R&D Center Premier Explosive Limited Department of Chemistry Gulbarga University

2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane(HNIW), commonly called as CL-20, is a high energy and high density material of keen interest to both commercial and scientific worlds due to its greater insensitivity(reduced sensitivity) along with a positive high heat of formation, which is due to the azanitro groups attached to the skeleton of HNIW and its highly strained cage structure. It plays a remarkable role in modification and replacement of most of the propellant(gun and rocket) preparations. In this report we present the comparative strategies involved in the syntheses of HNIW with respect to economical and environmental aspects. Various methods reported in the literature on the purification of the crude HNIW(α-HNIW) to obtain ε-form of HNIW(high dense/more potential) are consolidated. understanding of the structure, morphology, energetics, thermal behavior and their modification to meet the applicability(decreased impact sensitivity) determines the industrial application of HNIW. A compilation of the available literature on the aforementioned characteristic properties for obtaining a value added ε-HNIW is discussed here. This overview also reports the literature available on newer forms of HNIW including derivatives and cocrystals,which increase the performance of HNIW.

关键词： High energetic materials Synthetic strategies Caged nitramine Thermal stability Impact sensitivity

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