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The Crop Journal 2018年第5期6卷 451-463页

作者： Mani Vetriventhan Hari D.Upadhyaya Genebank International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Department of Agronomy Kansas State University The UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia

Proso millet is an important short-duration crop that adapts well to varied climatic conditions and is grown worldwide for food,feed and fodder *** to a lack of genetic improvement,the crop has experienced no yield improvement and provides low income to *** this study,200 accessions of proso millet originating in 30 countries were evaluated in two rainy seasons to assess phenotypic diversity for morpho-agronomic and grain nutritional traits and to identify high grain-yielding and grain nutrient-rich *** millet diversity was structured by geographical region,by country within region,and by racial *** patentissimum showed high diversity and ovatum low diversity,and diverged widely from each *** lowest divergence was observed between races compactum and *** high grain-yielding,10 large-seeded,and 26 two or more grain nutrients-rich accessions were identified,and highly diverse pairs of accessions within and between trait groups were *** included IPm 9 and IPm2661 for high grain yield and large seed size;and IPm 2069,IPm 2076,and IPm 2537 for high Fe,Zn,Ca,and protein *** 2875 had a seed coat that is readily removed by *** study provides valuable information to proso millet researchers about agronomic and nutritional traits in accessions that could be tested for regional adaption and yield for direct release as cultivars,and could be used in breeding for developing high grain-yielding and nutrient-rich cultivars.

关键词： Proso millet Common millet Diversity Race Germplasm Grain nutrient

Phenotypic and molecular diversity-based prediction of heterosis in pearl millet(Pennisetum glaucum L.(R.)Br.)

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The Crop Journal 2018年第3期6卷 271-281页

作者： Shashi Kumar Gupta Thirunavukkarasu Nepolean Chinna Ghouse Shaikh Kedarnath Rai Charles Thomas Hash Roma Rani Das Abhishek Rathore International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(icrisat) Patancheru 502 324India Indian Agricultural Research Institute(IARI) New Delhi 110012India International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(icrisat) Niamey BP 12404Niger

Genetic distances between hybrid parents based on phenotypic traits and molecular markers were investigated to assess their relationship with heterosis for grain and stover yield and other traits in pearl millet(Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.). Fifty-one hybrids developed using 101 hybrid parents(B and R lines) and showing a wide range of genetic distance between their parents based on eight phenotypic traits and 28–38 SSRs were evaluated in two sets for two seasons. The correlation between Euclidean distance(phenotypic distance, ED) and simple matching distance(molecular distance, SM) for parents of both sets was low but positive and significant(r = 0.2, P < 0.001).The correlation of ED in parents with better-parent heterosis for grain yield was similar in both sets(r =0.38, P < 0.05). SM was not correlated with heterosis for grain yield in either set of *** results showed that phenotypic distance could be a better predictor of heterosis than molecular distance. The correlation between phenotypic distance and heterosis was not strong enough to permit the use of phenotypic diversity among parents as a major selection criterion for selection of parental lines displaying high levels of heterosis for grain and stover yield in pearl millet.

关键词： Hybrid parents Agronomic traits Euclidean distance Molecular markers Simple matching distance

Geographic patterns of genetic diversity and fertility restoration ability of Asian and African origin pearl millet populations

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The Crop Journal 2022年第2期10卷 468-477页

作者： K.Sudarshan Patil Shashi Kumar Gupta International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(icrisat) PatancheruHyderabad 502324TelanganaIndia Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University(PJTSAU) RajendranagarHyderabad 500030TelanganaIndia

A set of 45 diverse Asian and African origin/bred populations of pearl millet were investigated multi-locationally for morphological traits including grain yield and assessed for their fertility restoration ability on three cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) systems in two contrasting seasons. Significant genetic variation was found for all the yield linked traits. Multivariate analysis for grain yield and its component traits grouped these populations into five clusters. Most of the Asian origin populations grouped into single cluster(Cluster III) and separated from the rest of the African origin populations indicating the presence of correspondence between clustering pattern and geographical origin of the populations. Clusters dominated with Asian populations(As-As) had linkages with early flowering, short plant height, more number of tillers, small and thin panicles, small seeded and low grain yield compared to the clusters dominated by African populations(Af-Af) or African origin and Asian bred(Af-As) *** related populations having common parentage were found grouped in same *** restoration/maintainer frequency of 45 populations on three diverse CMS systems revealed that overall fertility restoration frequency was highest for A1(86%) followed by A4(37%) and for A5(7%) CMS system. Five populations were identified as potential sources for developing maintainer lines for all three CMS systems and eight populations were identified specifically for A;and A;CMS systems. A set of 11 and four populations were identified for restorer line development exclusively for A;and A;CMS system,respectively. Six populations were identified for the development of dual restorers for both A;and A;CMS system.

关键词： CMS systems Fertility restoration Morphological diversity Pearl millet Populations

Standardized surgical approaches to ear surgery in rats

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Journal of Otology 2015年第2期10卷 72-77页

作者： Peng Li Dalian Ding Kelei Gao Richard Salvi Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Center for Hearing and Deafness University of New York at Buffalo Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Xiangya Hospital Central South University

Objective： To describe several approaches of ear surgeries for experimental studies in rats. Methods： Anesthetized rats were prepared for demonstration of various ear surgery approaches designed to optimize experimental outcomes in studies with specific goals and exposure requirements. The surgical approaches included the posterior tympanum, superior tympanum, inferior tympanum and occipital approaches. Results： The middle ear cavity and inner ear were successfully exposed from different angles via the mentioned surgical approaches. For example, electrode placement for recording of cochlear bioelectric responses was easily achieved through the posterior tympanum or inferior tympanum approach. Alternatively, drug delivery or gene transfection via round window membrane was most easily accomplished using the posterior tympanum approach. Cochlear perfusion of protective or ototoxic drugs was best performed using the inferior tympanum approach. Ossicular chain interruption to induce a prolonged conductive hearing loss was readily achieved using a superior tympanum approach. Lastly, surgical destruction of the endolymphatic sac to induce experimental endolymphatic hydrops was readily performed via an occipital surgical ***： These standardized surgical approaches can be applied in scientific studies of the ear with different purposes covering electro- physiology, conductive hearing loss, intra-cochlear drug perfusion and experimental studies relevant to Meniere＇s disease.

关键词： Rat Middle ear Inner ear Surgical approach

木豆种质资源遗传多样性研究中的AFLP技术优化及引物筛选

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植物遗传资源学报 2004年第4期5卷 342-345页

作者：闫龙关建平宗绪晓中国农业科学院作物品种资源研究所北京100081

以来自国际半干旱热带作物研究所 (icrisat)的 2份栽培木豆 (Cajanuscajan)和 1份野生木豆 (Cajanusscarabaeoides)资源为试材 ,将AFLP技术体系在木豆资源研究上进行优化 ,并筛选出 2 0对多态性高的AFLP引物组合 ,推荐用于将来的木豆种... 详细信息

以来自国际半干旱热带作物研究所 (icrisat)的 2份栽培木豆 (Cajanuscajan)和 1份野生木豆 (Cajanusscarabaeoides)资源为试材 ,将AFLP技术体系在木豆资源研究上进行优化 ,并筛选出 2 0对多态性高的AFLP引物组合 ,推荐用于将来的木豆种质遗传多样性分析。

关键词：木豆 AFLP技术引物筛选种质资源遗传多样性分析栽培热带作物野生多态性

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木豆种质资源AFLP标记遗传多样性分析

作物学报 2007年第5期33卷 790-798页

作者：闫龙关建平宗绪晓中国农业科学院作物科学研究所

利用AFLP分子标记技术,以木豆野生种(Cajanus scarabaeiodes)为对照,对来自印度、中国、非洲和美洲的139份栽培木豆(Cajanus cajan)种质遗传多样性进行研究。17对引物共扩增出502条清晰可辨的带,其中多态性带494条。遗传相似性系数UPGM... 详细信息

利用AFLP分子标记技术,以木豆野生种(Cajanus scarabaeiodes)为对照,对来自印度、中国、非洲和美洲的139份栽培木豆(Cajanus cajan)种质遗传多样性进行研究。17对引物共扩增出502条清晰可辨的带,其中多态性带494条。遗传相似性系数UPGMA聚类图,揭示木豆种内存在足够的遗传多样性,可用于种质资源的准确鉴别与分类。借助遗传距离的ME进化树又将参试种质分成8个组群。分析结果表明,印度地方资源遗传多样性广泛,育成品种遗传基础广阔;非洲、美洲资源遗传多样性较丰富,且与印度资源的亲缘关系较密切。中国地方资源遗传多样性独特,且与印度、非洲、美洲栽培木豆资源亲缘关系不明显。研究结果基本支持印度木豆起源和多样性中心、非洲次生多样性中心的观点,并提出中国次生起源中心和遗传多样性中心假说。研究还发现,木豆核质互作雄性不育系(A)和保持系(B)间存在独特的AFLP谱带差异,可能有助于分子标记辅助的木豆杂种优势利用和杂交种培育。

关键词：木豆 AFLP 聚类分析遗传多样性起源中心

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木豆杂交组合主要性状的分析与评价

中国种业 2006年第9期 48-50页

作者：罗高玲 K.B.Saxena R.V.Kumar 杨示英广西农业科学院南宁530007 国际半干旱热带作物研究所

分析比较木豆杂交组合的部分农艺性状、叶特性和产量性状,并对开花期部分农艺性状、叶特性及产量性状进行相关性分析,结果表明,大部分组合在不同生育期的株高、叶面积、叶柄长、叶鲜重和叶干重均高于对照,株高较对照优势最大达44.16%。... 详细信息

分析比较木豆杂交组合的部分农艺性状、叶特性和产量性状,并对开花期部分农艺性状、叶特性及产量性状进行相关性分析,结果表明,大部分组合在不同生育期的株高、叶面积、叶柄长、叶鲜重和叶干重均高于对照,株高较对照优势最大达44.16%。各组合单株荚数变化在104～165荚之间,对照优势最高可达108.86%。组合ICPH2438和ICPH2363的单株荚重、单株粒重及子粒产量等指标均高于对照品种,ICPH2438产量对照优势达34.14%。

关键词：木豆杂交组合性状分析评价

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种植行距对木豆品种生物产量及品质的影响

作物杂志 2006年第4期 19-22页

作者：罗高玲杨示英庞雯李容柏陈燕华蔡庆生宗绪晓广西农科院水稻所南宁助理研究员530007 中国农科院作物科学研究所国家农作物基因资源与基因改良重大科学工程北京研究员100081

以桂木1号、2号和8号为试材,研究了3种行距(40cm、50cm和60cm)对木豆生物产量及枝叶品质的影响。结果表明:木豆品种、行距处理的生物产量效应显著。40cm行距处理增产效果最佳;行距相同时,桂木1号的生物产量最高。木豆枝叶可溶性糖含量... 详细信息

以桂木1号、2号和8号为试材,研究了3种行距(40cm、50cm和60cm)对木豆生物产量及枝叶品质的影响。结果表明:木豆品种、行距处理的生物产量效应显著。40cm行距处理增产效果最佳;行距相同时,桂木1号的生物产量最高。木豆枝叶可溶性糖含量、蛋白质含量受行距的影响不大,但受品种的影响较大。桂木1号的可溶性糖含量较高,桂木2号和桂木8号可溶性糖含量相差不大;桂木2号的蛋白质含量最高,桂木1号和桂木8号含量相差不大。单宁含量受品种、行距影响较大,桂木1号的单宁含量最高,桂木2号次之,桂木8号最低。40cm行距处理的单宁含量最高,50cm和60cm行距处理的单宁含量相似。行距处理对木豆枝叶含水量影响不大。

关键词：木豆品种种植行距生物产量枝叶品质

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木豆的开花结荚特性研究

种子 2006年第9期25卷 55-56页

作者：罗高玲 K.B.Saxena 杨示英广西农业科学院南宁530007 国际半干旱热带作物研究所

在不同生长条件下种植木豆雄性不育系和保持系,开花结荚期分别观察它们的开花数和结荚数,同时计算结荚率。通过分析表明,木豆为常异花授粉作物,天然异交率为21.2%,主要传粉媒介为昆虫,风媒介对其几乎没有影响。这一特性有利于木豆的遗... 详细信息

在不同生长条件下种植木豆雄性不育系和保持系,开花结荚期分别观察它们的开花数和结荚数,同时计算结荚率。通过分析表明,木豆为常异花授粉作物,天然异交率为21.2%,主要传粉媒介为昆虫,风媒介对其几乎没有影响。这一特性有利于木豆的遗传改良和杂交种的培育。通过放养蜜蜂等途径提高木豆天然异交率,可省去人工授粉,增加木豆结荚率,提高木豆杂交种产量。防虫网隔离可生产纯合的木豆种子,并可以提高开花数和结荚数。

关键词：木豆不育系保持系开花结荚特性

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木豆杂种优势利用研究进展

作物杂志 2006年第5期 37-40页

作者：宗绪晓 KB Saxena 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(icrisat)

自1974年发现木豆雄性不育株以来,国际上不断对木豆核雄性不育(GMS)和核质互作雄性不育(CGMS)基因及其种质资源进行研究和挖掘,最终实现了木豆杂种优势的成功利用。本文系统总结了过去30多年来,国际上木豆杂种优势机理、表现及授粉方式... 详细信息

自1974年发现木豆雄性不育株以来,国际上不断对木豆核雄性不育(GMS)和核质互作雄性不育(CGMS)基因及其种质资源进行研究和挖掘,最终实现了木豆杂种优势的成功利用。本文系统总结了过去30多年来,国际上木豆杂种优势机理、表现及授粉方式等基础研究,GMS、CGMS不育系及其配套制种体系研究,杂种优势强度研究,以及木豆杂交种生产技术研究进展。提出了木豆杂种优势利用的具体研究方向和展望。

关键词：木豆 GMS CGMS 杂种优势开发利用研究进展