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Preventive Regulation of Jelly Seed Disorder in ‘Amrapali' Mango (Mangifera indica) by Preharvest Spray

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2019年第2期5卷 70-78页

作者： Shivashankar Seshadri Sumathi Manoharan Hari Shankar Singh Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural ResearchHesaraghatta Lake PO icar-National Centre for Integrated Pest Management Pusa Campus

Jelly seed, a physiological disorder in ‘Amrapali' mango fruit, is characterized by the excessive softening of pulp around the stone in ripe fruits. The disorder is caused by the onset of germination associated events in the seed of developing fruit due to decreased level of very-longchain fatty acids(VLCFAs) in seed. Field trials involving preharvest application of spray formulations on developing fruits, between 50% and 60%maturity, showed that formulation V(10 g·L^(-1) NaCl, 25 g·L^(-1) CaCl_2, 0.5 g·L^(-1) KCl, 0.01 g·L^(-1) H_3 BO_3, 0.01 g·L^(-1) Cu SO_4, 0.01 g·L^(-1) Zn SO_4,0.01 g·L^(-1) FeSO_4, 0.01 g·L^(-1) MnSO_4, and 0.002 g·L^(-1) EDTA) was the most effective in preventing the jelly seed disorder. Further studies to understand the mode of action of the formulation in controlling jelly seed development, revealed increased synthesis of VLCFAs in seed followed by the rapid production of ABA and germination-inhibiting phenolic acids, besides increased accumulation of calcium in seed. These factors acting in unison delayed seed germination and decreased the activities of pectinolytic enzymes in pulp to produce healthy fruits, free from jelly seed *** was an increase of mineral nutrient content in pulp of treated healthy fruits. Thus, the study helped to develop a remedy to prevent jelly seed besides revealing the biochemical mechanism by which formulation V acted to produce ‘Amrapali' mango fruits free of jelly seed with improved nutritional quality.

关键词： Amrapali mango jelly seed physiological disorder prevention preharvest treatment

Biochars produced from coconut palm biomass residues can aid regenerative agriculture by improving soil properties and plant yield in humid tropics

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Biochar 2020年第2期2卷 211-226页

作者： Murali Gopal Alka Gupta K.Shahul Hameed Neenu Sathyaseelan T.H.Khadeejath Rajeela George V.Thomas icar-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute KasaragodKerala 671124India Present Address:Winsome F&D Consultant DubaiUAE Council for Food Research and Development KonniKeralaIndia

Lignin-rich recalcitrant biomass residues of coconut palms viz.(i)mature coconut husk,(ii)tender(immature or green)coconut husk(iii)coconut leaf petiole and(iv)coir-pith were successfully pyrolysed using a simple charring kiln into carbon-rich,black,light weight and porous *** alkalinity and good ash content made them fit for remediating acid *** potassium content in these biochars could help reduce the use of inorganic *** analysis showed the mass loss phases of husk and coconut leaf petiole biochars to be ***,all four biochars gave smooth curves indicating thermal stability of the *** seed germination and earthworm avoidance tests proved their potential as soil *** incubation studies with coconut biochars in graded doses,alone or in combination with coconut leaf vermicompost,increased the pH,organic carbon and potassium contents,and promoted plant-beneficial microbiota and enzyme *** studies with tender coconut husk biochar and coconut leaf vermicompost enhanced the dry weight of cowpea plants accompanied with increased arbuscular mycorrhizal sporulation and root colonization,and root nodule dry weight.A field trial resulted in higher chilli yields with tender coconut husk biochar+coconut leaf vermicompost *** results from our studies highlight the potential of pyrolysis as an innovative technology for quick recycling of highly recalcitrant coconut palm biomass residues to biochars as a local source of soil amendment to aid regenerative agriculture in humid tropics.

关键词： Coconut husks Biochar Plant-beneficial microbiota Earthworm avoidance Mycorrhizae

Extraction and Characterization of Myofibrillar Proteins from Different Meat Sources:A Comparative Study

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2021年第4期6卷 367-378页

作者： Pavan Kumar Dara Anjana Geetha Upasana Mohanty Mahadevan Raghavankutty Suseela Mathew Ravishankar Chandragiri Nagarajarao Anandan Rangasamy Biochemistry and Nutrition Division ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries TechnologyCochin 682029KeralaIndia Department of Food and Nutrition Mody UniversityLakshmangarh 332311RajasthanIndia College of fisheries Central Agricultural UniversityTripura 799210India

In the present study,myofibrillar proteins were extracted from the meat proteins of beef,lamb,chicken,tuna and emperor fish using non-denaturation method,and their physico-chemical and rheological properties were *** myofibrillar proteins of beef,emperor and lamb samples had higher percentage of protein extractability than tuna and chicken *** tuna sample showed significantly higher bound bromophenol blue(BPB)value while lamb samples showed lower value(P<0.05).The myofibrillar protein of chicken sample was found to have more ionic and hydrogen bonds than all other myofibrillar *** disulphide bonds in tuna and lamb myofibrillar protein samples were significantly higher than other three samples(P<0.05).The myofibrillar protein samples showed major bands myosin heavy chain,α-actinin,desimin,actin,troponin,tropomyosin and myosin light chain with wider molecular weight distribution in the range of 20-200 *** myofibrillar proteins exhibited Newtonian and shear thickening nature behaviour at lower protein concentration(1 mg/mL)as revealed by flow profile and visco-elastic analysis using rheometer.

关键词： Myofibrillar proteins Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) Rheological and surface-active property

Fatty acid and amino acid profiling,antioxidant activity and other quality characteristics of vacuum packed cheddar style-yak milk cheese during ripening

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Food Bioscience 2023年第1期51卷 159-167页

作者： Tarun Pal Singh Shalini Arora Sanket G.Borad Joken Bam Vijay Paul Rajendran Thomas Mihir Sarkar icar-National Research Centre on Yak Dirang790101West KamengArunachal PradeshIndia Department of Dairy Technology College of Dairy Science and TechnologyLUVASHisar125004HaryanaIndia Flavi Dairy Solutions Ahmedabad380009GujaratIndia Food Quality Control Laboratory ICAR-National Research Centre on PigRani781129GuwahatiAssamIndia Goat Products Technology Laboratory ICAR-Central Institute for Research on GoatsMakhdoomFarah281122MathuraUttar PradeshIndia

This study aimed to formulate Cheddar-style cheese from standardised yak milk(casein-fat ratio:0.7)and examined different quality parameters during 5 months ripening at 7±1℃.The chemical components viz.,fat,protein,ash,and salt contents,increased significantly(p˂0.05),whereas the moisture content decreased considerably(p˂0.05)during ***,pH,titratable acidity[lactic acid(%by weight)],soluble protein(%),ripening index,tyrosine value(μg/g),total free fatty acids(μm/g),and peroxide value(mEq of O_(2)/kg)increased considerably(p˂0.05)during *** and mould count(logCFU/g)showed a significant(p˂0.05)increase,while the coliform count(logCFU/g)were undetectable at the end of ***,cheese textural attributes and colour value(L^(*),a^(*)and b^(*))also decreased significantly(p˂0.05).The protein hydrolysis pattern in cheese was detected using *** water-soluble extracts of cheese exhibited significant antioxidant ***(27.2%)and oleic acid(24.4%)were the prominent fatty acids detected in higher concentrations at the end of *** majority of amino acids such as glutamic acid and histidine,were also retained in the *** sensory ratings of cheese significantly increased as ripening proceeded,and the formulated product was acceptable for up to 120 days.

关键词： Yak milk Cheddar style-cheese Physicochemical property Antioxidant activity Ripening

Residue recycling options and their implications for sustainable nitrogen management in rice-wheat agroecosystems

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 733-751页

作者： Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj Kapil Malik Manu Rani Uttam Kumar Mandal Nirmalendu Basak Awtar Singh Rajender Kumar Yadav Suresh Kumar Chaudhari Dinesh Kumar Sharma Central Soil Salinity Research Institute Kachhwa RoadKarnal 132001HaryanaIndia Central Soil Salinity Research Institute Regional Research StationCanning Town 743329West BengalIndia Indian Council of Agricultural Research New Delhi 110012DelhiIndia Central Soil Salinity Research Institute Regional Research StationLucknow 226005Uttar PradeshIndia

Background In the Indo-Gangetic Plain,rice-wheat is the most extensively practiced crop *** escalating issue of crop residue burning,particularly rice straw,and the necessity to lower the exorbitant expenses associated with fertilizer inputs stand out as significant challenges for farmers in the region.A well-suited integrated nutrient management(INM)strategy that focuses on recycling crop residues can serve as a solution to address these *** a strategy not only mitigates air pollution resulting from residue burning but also helps combat water pollution due to nitrate losses from *** experiments were used to evaluate the suitability of eight INM-modules that included various combinations of inorganic fertilizer rates(50%,100%,150%of recommended dose),crop residues(wheat and rice stubble retention at 30 cm standing stubble equivalent to 1/3 the straw yield),rice straw compost(RSC),farmyard manure(FYM),and green manuring(GM),compared to 100%recommended dose of fertilizers(F)and no fertilizer *** There was a considerable improvement in nitrogen mineralization,grain yields,and nitrogen use efficiency under GM+RSC-F50 and GM+*** INM modules would permit a 50%reduction in the use of chemical *** was a little yield penalty with in situ rice residue incorporation at 100%F;however,this could be overcome with 150%F fertilizer *** situ retention of wheat straw with a full application of fertilizer resulted in steadily rising crop yields over *** in the redox potential,soil pH,and soil organic carbon best accounted for the observed trajectories in nitrogen use *** The most promising INM modules for adoption by farmers in the Indo-Gangetic Plain to judiciously use crop residues and curtail chemical fertilizer inputs are green manuring with Sesbania aculeata+rice straw compost at 5 t ha^(−1)+only 50%of recommended dose of fertilizers(GM+RSC-F50),and green manuring with

关键词： Rice–wheat Nitrogen use efficiency Sustainable nitrogen management index Crop residue Rice straw compost

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Effect of Biogas Digested Liquid on CH_4 and N_2O Flux in Paddy Ecosystem

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第3期13卷 635-640页

作者： Ankit Singla Kazuyuki Inubushi Bioresource Science Graduate School of Horticulture Chiba University

Biogas production generates digested slurry as a byproduct. It can be used as a fertilizer especially after its conversion into digested liquid. A pot based study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of the application of digested liquid on CH4 and N2O flux, and plant biomass in paddy. Analysis revealed that digested liquid treated soils released more CH4 compared to ammonium sulphate and the control. Ammonium sulphate treated soil emitted the highest N20 whereas digested liquid application decreased its emission significantly. Further, the cumulative emission over 101 d of the experiment was found to be higher for CHa （16.9 to 29.9 g m^-2） compared to N20 （-49.3 to 18.9 mg m^-2） for all treatments. Digested liquid application had positive impact on plant variables such as panicle number and weight of panicles. This study suggests that digested liquid application significantly decrease N20 emission and increase CH4 emission possibly due to affecting the availability of organic C in the soil to microbial activity for methanogenesis. Another possibility for enhancing CH4 emission by following biogas digested liquid could be attributed to the increase in plant biomass.

关键词： biogas digested liquid paddy ammonium sulphate CH4 N20 plant biomass

Comparison of histopathology and PCR based assay for detection of experimentally induced toxoplasmosis in murine model

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第6期8卷 448-451页

作者： Vikrant Sudan A.K.Tewari R Singh Harkirat Singh Department of Parasitology College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal HusbandryU.P.Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishuavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan SansthanMathura- 281001India Department of Parasitology Indian Veterinary Research Institute CADRAD.Indian Veterinary Research Institute Department of Parasitology.GADVASU

Objective:To compare histopathology and PCR based detection in diagnosis of experimentally induced toxoplasmosis of RH human strain of the parasite in murine ***:A comparison of histopathology and PCR based detection was done to diagnose experimentally induced toxoplasmosis in ten inbred swiss albino mice after intraperitoneal inoculation of 100 tachyzoites of laboratory mantained human RH strain of the *** samples from lung,liver,spleen,brain,heart and kidney were taken and processed for histopathological examination while all the samples also were subjected to PCR,using primers directed to the multicopy of SAG 3 gene,in ***:Histopathology revealed presence of tachyzoites only in liver while along with lung,liver,spleen and brain tissue yielded desired positive PCR ***:The SAG 3 based PCR is able to diagnose toxoplasmosis in those tissues which are declared negative by histopathological assay.

关键词： Experimental infection Histopathology SAG 3 based PCR detection Toxoplasmosis

Potential of conservation tillage and altered land configuration to improve soil properties,carbon sequestration and productivity of maize based cropping system in eastern Himalayas,India

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第2期9卷 279-290页

作者： Gulab Singh Yadav Anup Das Subhash Babu Kamal Prasad Mohapatra Rattan Lal Dipjyoti Rajkhowa Indian Council of Agricultural Research(icar) Research Complex for North Eastern HillRegionTripura CentreTripuraIndia icar eIndian Agricultural Research Institute New DelhiIndia icar-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources New DelhiIndia Carbon Management and Sequestration Center Ohio State UniversityColumbusUSA icar Research Complex for NEH Region Nagaland CentreNagalandIndia

Poor soil properties especially low soil organic carbon(SOC)and nutrient and water retention capacities are major concern for sustainable agriculture in *** experiments were conducted to assess the effects of six combinations of tillage[conventional tillage(CT)and no-till(NT)]and land configurations[flat bed planting(FB),ridge and furrow planting(RF),and raised bed planting(RB)]on productivity and carbon(C)-sequestration potential of maize[(Zea mays L.)for green-cob in summer]-maize(for grains in rainy season)-field pea[(Pisum sativum *** winter]cropping system under humid mildtropical climate of Tripura,*** maize under NT-FB in 2012 and NT-RF in 2013 produced significantly higher green cob yield than that under ***,in rainy season,CT produced higher maize grain yield than NT *** pea seed yield was significantly the highest under *** two cropping cycles,NT systems had higher available N,P,K and 18.6e31.4%higher soil moisture content after rainy season maize than CT *** highest SOC-stock(0e30 cm)was observed under NT-FB,whereas,SOC-sequestration rate was maximum under NT-RB(0.85 Mg ha1 year1).Therefore,NT based systems can enhance the productivity and improve SOC-sequestration in cultivated soils of eastern ***,study recommended adoption of NT-RB/NT-FB to raise maize-maize-field pea system for improving productivity,improving C-sequestration and soil properties in the eastern Himalayas and similar eco-regions elsewhere.

关键词： Soil fertility Carbon sequestration Soil moisture Low productivity Hill ecosystem

A Comprehensive Transcriptome Assembly of Pigeonpea （Cajanus cajan L.） using Sanger and Second-Generation Sequencing Platforms

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Molecular Plant 2012年第5期5卷 1020-1028页

作者： Himabindu Kudapa Arvind K. Bharti Steven B. Cannon Andrew D. Farmer Benjamin Mulaosmanovi Robin Kramer Abhishek Bohra Nathan T. Weeks John A. Crow Reetu Tuteja Trushar Shah Sutapa Dutta Deepak K. Gupta Archana Singh Kishor Gaikwad Tilak R. Sharma Gregory D. May Nagendra K. Singh Rajeev K. Varshney International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Patancheru 502324 india National Center for Genome Resources (NCGR) Santa Fe NM 87505 USA United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit Ames IA USA National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology (NRCPB) Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi 110 012 India Department of Agronomy Iowa State University Amens IA USA CGIAR Generation Challenge Programme (GCP) c/o ClMMYT 06600 Mexico DF Mexico

A comprehensive transcriptome assembly for pigeonpea has been developed by analyzing 128.9 million short Illumina GA IIx single end reads, 2.19 million single end FLX/454 reads, and 18 353 Sanger expressed sequenced tags from more than 16 genotypes. The resultant transcriptome assembly, referred to as CcTA v2, comprised 21 434 transcript as- sembly contigs （TACs） with an N50 of 1510 bp, the largest one being -8 kb. Of the 21 434 TACs, 16 622 （77.5%） could be mapped on to the soybean genome build 1.0.9 under fairly stringent alignment parameters. Based on knowledge of intron junctions, 10 009 primer pairs were designed from 5033 TACs for amplifying intron spanning regions （ISRs）. By using in silico mapping of BAC-end-derived SSR loci of pigeonpea on the soybean genome as a reference, putative mapping posi- tions at the chromosome level were predicted for 6284 ISR markers, covering all 11 pigeonpea chromosomes. A subset of 128 ISR markers were analyzed on a set of eight genotypes. While 116 markers were validated, 70 markers showed one to three alleles, with an average of 0.16 polymorphism information content （PIC） value. In summary, the CcTA v2 transcript assembly and ISR markers will serve as a useful resource to accelerate genetic research and breeding applications in pigeonpea.

关键词： Cajanus cajan (L.) second-generation sequencing transcriptome assembly intron spanning region (ISR)markers.