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Understanding the role of human-inspired heuristics for retrieval models

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2022年第1期16卷 11-21页

作者： Xiangsheng LI Yiqun LIU Jiaxin MAO Department of Computer Science and Technology Institute for Artificial IntelligenceBeijing National Research Center for Information Science and TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Relevance estimation is one of the core concerns of information retrieval(IR)*** existing retrieval models gained much success in both deepening our understanding of information seeking behavior and building effective retrieval systems,we have to admit that the models work in a rather different manner from how humans make relevance ***’information seeking behaviors involve complex cognitive processes,however,the majority of these behavior patterns are not considered in existing retrieval *** bridge the gap between practical user behavior and retrieval model,it is essential to systematically investigate user cognitive behavior during relevance judgement and incorporate these heuristics into retrieval *** this paper,we aim to formally define a set of basic user reading heuristics during relevance judgement and investigate their corresponding modeling strategies in retrieval *** experiments are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different reading heuristics for improving ranking *** on a large-scale Web search dataset,we find that most reading heuristics can improve the performance of retrieval model and establish guidelines for improving the design of retrieval models with human-inspired *** study sheds light on building retrieval model from the perspective of cognitive behavior.

关键词： reading heuristics retrieval model cognitive behavior

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Enhancing Offensive Language Detection with Data Augmentation and Knowledge Distillation

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research 2024年第2期6卷 29-40页

作者： Jiawen Deng Zhuang Chen Hao Sun Zhexin Zhang Jincenzi Wu Satoshi Nakagawa Fuji Ren Minlie Huang The CoAl group DCSTInstitute for Artificial InteligenceState Key Lab of Intelligent Technology and SystemsBeijing National Research Center for Information Science and TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Graduate School of Information Science&Technology The University of Tokyo.Tokyo 1138654Japan School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan611731China

Offensive language detection has received important attention and plays a crucial role in promoting healthy communication on social platforms,as well as promoting the safe deployment of large language *** data is the basis for developing detectors;however,the available offense-related dataset in Chinese is severely limited in terms of data scale and coverage when compared to English *** significantly affects the accuracy of Chinese offensive language detectors in practical applications,especially when dealing with hard cases or out-of-domain *** alleviate the limitations posed by available datasets,we introduce AugCOLD(Augmented Chinese Offensive Language Dataset),a large-scale unsupervised dataset containing 1 million samples gathered by data crawling and model ***,we employ a multiteacher distillation framework to enhance detection performance with unsupervised *** is,we build multiple teachers with publicly accessible datasets and use them to assign soft labels to *** soft labels serve as a bridge for knowledge to be distilled from both AugCOLD and multiteacher to the student network,i.e.,the final offensive *** conduct experiments on multiple public test sets and our well-designed hard tests,demonstrating that our proposal can effectively improve the generalization and robustness of the offensive language detector.

关键词： COLD dealing limitations

Performance Limits and Advancements in Single 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Transistor

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第12期16卷 134-188页

作者： Jing Chen Ming-Yuan Sun Zhen-Hua Wang Zheng Zhang Kai Zhang Shuai Wang Yu Zhang Xiaoming Wu Tian-Ling Ren Hong Liu Lin Han institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237ShandongPeople’s Republic of China School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National research Center for Information Science and Technology(BNRist) Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China BNRist Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong UniversityJinan 250100ShandongPeople’s Republic of China Shenzhen research institute of Shandong university Shenzhen 518057People’s Republic of China Shandong Engineering research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application Jinan 250100People’s Republic of China

Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)allow for atomic-scale manipulation,challenging the conventional limitations of semiconductor *** capability may overcome the short-channel effect,sparking significant advancements in electronic devices that utilize 2D *** the dimension and performance limits of transistors based on 2D TMDs has gained substantial *** review provides a comprehensive investigation into these limits of the single 2D-TMD *** delves into the impacts of miniaturization,including the reduction of channel length,gate length,source/drain contact length,and dielectric thickness on transistor operation and *** addition,this review provides a detailed analysis of performance parameters such as source/drain contact resistance,subthreshold swing,hysteresis loop,carrier mobility,on/off ratio,and the development of p-type and single logic *** review details the two logical expressions of the single 2D-TMD logic transistor,including current and *** also emphasizes the role of 2D TMD-based transistors as memory devices,focusing on enhancing memory operation speed,endurance,data retention,and extinction ratio,as well as reducing energy consumption in memory devices functioning as artificial *** review demonstrates the two calculating methods for dynamic energy consumption of 2D synaptic *** review not only summarizes the current state of the art in this field but also highlights potential future research directions and *** underscores the anticipated challenges,opportunities,and potential solutions in navigating the dimension and performance boundaries of 2D transistors.

关键词： Two-dimensional transistors Dimension limits Performance limits Memory devices Artificial synapses

The chemical origin of temperature-dependent lithium-ion concerted diffusion in sulfide solid electrolyte Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第7期31卷 59-66,I0003页

作者： Zhong-Heng Fu Xiang Chen Nan Yao Xin Shen Xia-Xia Ma Shuai Feng Shuhao Wang Rui Zhang Linfeng Zhang Qiang Zhang Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Taishan UniversityTaian 271021ShandongChina School of Chemistry The University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia School of Materials Science and Engineering&Advanced research institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China DP Technology Beijing 100080China AI for Science institute Beijing 100080Chin

Solid-state batteries have received increasing attention in scientific and industrial communities,which benefits from the intrinsically safe solid electrolytes(SEs).Although much effort has been devoted to designing SEs with high ionic conductivities,it is extremely difficult to fully understand the ionic diffusion mechanisms in SEs through conventional experimental and theoretical ***,the temperature-dependent concerted diffusion mechanism of ions in SEs is explored through machinelearning molecular dynamics,taking Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12) as a *** diffusion anisotropy,more disordered Li distributions,and shorter residence time are observed at a higher ***-type temperature dependence is maintained within a wide temperature range,which is attributed to the linear temperature dependence of jump frequencies of various concerted diffusion *** results provide a theoretical framework to understand the ionic diffusion mechanisms in SEs and deepen the understanding of the chemical origin of temperature-dependent concerted diffusions in SEs.

关键词： Solid-state batteries Solid electrolytes Concerted diffusion Machine-learning molecular dynamics

EVA2.0:Investigating Open-domain Chinese Dialogue Systems with Large-scale Pre-training

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Machine Intelligence research 2023年第2期20卷 207-219页

作者： Yuxian Gu Jiaxin Wen Hao Sun Yi Song Pei Ke Chujie Zheng Zheng Zhang Jianzhu Yao Lei Liu Xiaoyan Zhu Minlie Huang The Conversational AI Group Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science York UniversityToronto M3J1P3Canada

Large-scale pre-training has shown remarkable performance in building open-domain dialogue ***,previous works mainly focus on showing and evaluating the conversational performance of the released dialogue model,ignoring the discussion of some key factors towards a powerful human-like chatbot,especially in Chinese *** this paper,we conduct extensive experiments to investigate these under-explored factors,including data quality control,model architecture designs,training approaches,and decoding *** propose EVA2.0,a large-scale pre-trained open-domain Chinese dialogue model with 2.8 billion parameters,and will make our models and codes publicly *** and human evaluations show that EVA2.0 significantly outperforms other open-source *** also discuss the limitations of this work by presenting some failure cases and pose some future research directions on large-scale Chinese open-domain dialogue systems.

关键词： Natural language processing deep learning(DL) large-scale pre-training dialogue systems Chinese open-domain conversational model

Privacy-Preserving Federated Mobility Prediction with Compound Data and Model Perturbation Mechanism

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China Communications 2024年第3期21卷 160-173页

作者： Long Qingyue Wang Huandong Chen Huiming Jin Depeng Zhu Lin Yu Li Li Yong Beijing National research Center for Information Science and Technology(BNRist) Department of Electronic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China China Mobile research Beijing 100032China

Human mobility prediction is important for many ***,training an accurate mobility prediction model requires a large scale of human trajectories,where privacy issues become an important *** rising federated learning provides us with a promising solution to this problem,which enables mobile devices to collaboratively learn a shared prediction model while keeping all the training data on the device,decoupling the ability to do machine learning from the need to store the data in the ***,existing federated learningbased methods either do not provide privacy guarantees or have vulnerability in terms of privacy *** this paper,we combine the techniques of data perturbation and model perturbation mechanisms and propose a privacy-preserving mobility prediction algorithm,where we add noise to the transmitted model and the raw data collaboratively to protect user privacy and keep the mobility prediction *** experimental results show that our proposed method significantly outperforms the existing stateof-the-art mobility prediction method in terms of defensive performance against practical attacks while having comparable mobility prediction performance,demonstrating its effectiveness.

关键词： federated learning mobility prediction privacy

Geometry characteristics and wide temperature behavior of silicon-based GaN surface acoustic wave resonators with ultrahigh quality factor

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 267-278页

作者： Guofang YU Renrong LIANG Haiming ZHAO Lei XIAO Jie CUI Yue ZHAO Wenpu CUI Jing WANG Jun XU Jun FU Tianling REN School of Integrated Circuits Tsinghua University Beijing National research Center for Information Science Technology Tsinghua University

Surface acoustic wave（SAW） resonators with an ultrahigh Q-factor are designed and fabricated on silicon-based gallium nitride（GaN/Si）. The temperature-dependent performance is characterized over a wide range, from 10 to 500 K. Finite element analysis is employed to guide the design of the SAW resonator from indications of the Rayleigh mode and weak propagation direction dependence of SAW in the c-plane of GaN/Si. The SAW resonator with 100 pairs of interdigital transducers（IDT）, 100 pairs of grating reflectors（GR） for each side, aperture size of 80 μm, metallization ratio of 0.5, and electrode width of 500 nm resonates at 1.9133 GHz accordingly with an ultrahigh Q-factor of 7622 at room temperature, which contributes the fr× Qr, up to 14.583×1012Hz. A resonator operating over 10 to 500 K indicates an approximately linear decreasing temperature dependence above 280 K while being approximately constant below 40 K. The fitting to resonator characteristics using the modified Butterworth Van Dyke（m BVD） model reveals a reduction in both the electrode and mechanical losses while worsening the dielectric loss with cooling down.

关键词： GaN/Si SAW resonator ultrahigh Q-factor temperature-dependent performance mBVD losses

Ion–solvent chemistry in lithium battery electrolytes: From mono-solvent to multi-solvent complexes

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Fundamental research 2021年第4期1卷 393-398页

作者： Xiang Chen Nan Yao Bo-Shen Zeng Qiang Zhang Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The building of safe and high energy-density lithium batteries is strongly dependent on the electrochemical performance of working electrolytes, in which ion–solvent interactions play a vital role. Herein, the ion–solvent chemistry is developed from mono-solvent to multi-solvent complexes to probe the solvation structure and the redox stability of practical electrolytes. The decrease in energies of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of solvents in lithium-ion solvation shells becomes less significant as the number of coordinated solvents increases, but both the HOMO and LUMO energies of the coordinated solvents remain lower than those of free solvents. A positive and approximately linear relationship was found between the decrease in the HOMO/LUMO energy and the average binding energy between Li+ and the coordinated solvents. A binary-solvent complex model further highlight the significant importance of the electrolyte solvation environment in regulating electrolyte stability, and it is essential to consider electrolyte stability from the perspective of ion–solvent complexes. These fresh insights into the energy chemistry of multi-solvent complexes provide critical references for electrolyte design and cell optimization.

关键词： Lithium batteries Ion–solvent complexes Electrolyte solvation Electrolyte stability Density functional theory calculations Molecular dynamics simulations

The dead lithium formation under mechano-electrochemical coupling in lithium metal batteries

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Fundamental research 2024年第6期4卷 1498-1505页

作者： Xin Shen Rui Zhang Peng Shi Xue-Qiang Zhang Xiang Chen Chen-Zi Zhao Peng Wu Yi-Ming Guo Jia-Qi Huang Qiang Zhang Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Advanced research institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China research&Development Center BMW BMW China Services Ltd.Beijing 101318China

Lithium metal is one of the most promising anode materials for next-generation high-energy-density rechargeable batteries.A fundamental mechanism understanding of the dead lithium formation under the interplay of elec-trochemistry and mechanics in lithium metal batteries is strongly ***,we proposed a mechano-electrochemical phase-field model to describe the lithium stripping process and quantify the dead lithium forma-tion under *** particular,the rupture of solid electrolyte interphase and the shift of equilibrium potential caused by stress are coupled into stripping *** impact of external pressure on dead lithium forma-tion with various electrolyte properties and initial electrodeposited morphologies is *** overlooked detrimental effect of external pressure on Li stripping affords fresh insights into cell configuration and pressure management,which is critical for practical applications of lithium metal batteries.

关键词： Stress-coupled stripping Li dendrites Dead Li Li metal batteries Phase field model simulation