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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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Role of lipids in the control of autophagy and primary cilium signaling in neurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 264-271页

作者： María Paz Hernández-Cáceres Daniela Pinto-Nuñez Patricia Rivera Paulina Burgos Francisco Díaz-Castro Alfredo Criollo Maria Jose yañez Eugenia Morselli Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas(ICOD) Facultad de OdontologíaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Medicine and ScienceUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile Physiology department Faculty of Biological SciencesPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas&Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Autophagy Research Center SantiagoChile

The brain is,after the adipose tissue,the organ with the greatest amount of lipids and diversity in their composition in the human *** neurons,lipids are involved in signaling pathways controlling autophagy,a lysosome-dependent catabolic process essential for the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis and the function of the primary cilium,a cellular antenna that acts as a communication hub that transfers extracellular signals into intracellular responses required for neurogenesis and brain development.A crosstalk between primary cilia and autophagy has been established;however,its role in the control of neuronal activity and homeostasis is barely *** this review,we briefly discuss the current knowledge regarding the role of autophagy and the primary cilium in *** we review the recent literature about specific lipid subclasses in the regulation of autophagy,in the control of primary cilium structure and its dependent cellular signaling in physiological and pathological conditions,specifically focusing on neurons,an area of research that could have major implications in neurodevelopment,energy homeostasis,and neurodegeneration.

关键词： autophagic flux cholesterol fatty acids GPCR lysosomal storage diseases neurons NPC1 phosphoinositides primary cilium

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deep optics preconditioner for modulation-free pyramid wavefront sensing

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Photonics Research 2024年第2期12卷 301-312页

作者： FELIPE GUZMÁN JORGE TAPIA CAMILO WEINBERGER NICOLÁS HERNÁNdeZ JORGE BACCA BENOIT NEICHEL ESTEBAN VERA School of Electrical Engineering Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaı´soValparaı´soChile department of Systems Engineering Universidad Industrial de SantanderBucaramangaColombia Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille MarseilleFrance

The pyramid wavefront sensor(PWFS)can provide the sensitivity needed for demanding adaptive optics applications,such as imaging exoplanets using the future extremely large telescopes of over 30 m of diameter(D).However,its exquisite sensitivity has a limited linear range of operation,or dynamic range,although it can be extended through the use of beam modulation—despite sacrificing sensitivity and requiring additional optical *** by artificial intelligence techniques,this work proposes to train an optical layer—comprising a passive diffractive element placed at a conjugated Fourier plane of the pyramid prism—to boost the linear response of the pyramid sensor without the need for cumbersome *** develop an end-2-end simulation to train the diffractive element,which acts as an optical preconditioner to the traditional least-square modal phase estimation *** results with a large range of turbulence conditions show a noticeable improvement in the aberration estimation performance equivalent to over 3λ∕D of modulation when using the optically preconditioned deep PWFS(DPWFS).Experimental results validate the advantages of using the designed optical layer,where the DPWFS can pair the performance of a traditional PWFS with 2λ∕D of *** and adding an optical preconditioner to the PWFS is just the tip of the iceberg,since the proposed deep optics methodology can be used for the design of a completely new generation of wavefront sensors that can better fit the demands of sophisticated adaptive optics applications such as ground-to-space and underwater optical communications and imaging through scattering media.

关键词： process optics pyramid

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Myelin histology:a key tool in nervous system research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 277-281页

作者： Óscar Darío García-García Víctor Carriel Jesús Chato-Astrain department of Histology Tissue Engineering GroupUniversity of Granada&Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain

The myelin sheath is a lipoprotein-rich,multilayered structure capable of increasing conduction velocity in central and peripheral myelinated nerve *** to the complex structure and composition of myelin,various histological techniques have been developed over the centuries to evaluate myelin under normal,pathological or experimental ***,methods to assess myelin integrity or content are key tools in both clinical diagnosis and neuroscience *** this review,we provide an updated summary of the composition and structure of the myelin sheath and discuss some histological procedures,from tissue fixation and processing techniques to the most used and practical myelin histological staining *** the lipoprotein nature of myelin,the main features and technical details of the different available methods that can be used to evaluate the lipid or protein components of myelin are described,as well as the precise ultrastructural techniques.

关键词： fluorescence microscopy histology light microscopy lipid histochemistry metallographic techniques myelin histochemistry myelin immunohistochemistry myelin structure&composition myelin ultrastructural evaluation tissue fixation&processing

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A Joint Optimization Algorithm for Renewable Energy System

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第5期36卷 1979-1989页

作者： Imran Khan Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki Jorge Alfredo Ardila Rey Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’ud Saud Jazaa Alshammari DagØivind Madsen department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawar814Pakistan School of Engineering&the Built Environment Edinburgh Napier UniversityMerchiston Campus10 Colinton RoadEdinburghEH105DTScotlandUK department of Electrical Engineering Federico Santa María Technical UniversitySantiago8940000Chile department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Jubail Industrial CollegeP O Box 10099Jubail 31961Saudi Arabia University of South-Eastern Norway Bredalsveien143511HønefossNorway

Energy sustainability is a hot topic in both scientiﬁc and political *** date,two alternative approaches to this issue are being *** peo-ple believe that increasing power consumption is necessary for countries’economic and social progress,while others are more concerned with maintaining carbon consumption under set *** establish a secure,sustainable,and economical energy system while mitigating the consequences of climate change,most governments are currently pushing renewable growth *** mar-kets are meant to provide consumers with dependable electricity at the lowest pos-sible cost.A proﬁt-maximization optimal decision model is created in the electric power market with the combined wind,solar units,loads,and energy storage sys-tems,based on the bidding mechanism in the electricity market and operational *** model utterly considers the technological limits of new energy units and storages,as well as the involvement of new energy and electric vehicles in market bidding through power generation strategy and the output arrangement of the virtual power plant’s coordinated *** accuracy and validity of the optimal decision-making model of combined wind,solar units,loads,and energy storage systems are validated using numerical *** multi-operating scenarios,the effects of renewable energy output changes on joint sys-tem bidding techniques are compared.

关键词： Renewable energy optimizationalgorithm electricity market decision-making

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Weather or weathering?Growth of Nothofagus dombeyi on volcanic soils differing in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第5期9卷 596-607页

作者： Christoph Walter Cecilia A.Pérez Frank M.Thomas Faculty of Regional and Environmental Sciences GeobotanyUniversity of TrierBehringstraße 2154296 TrierGermany departamento de Ecología de Ecosistemas Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad(IEB)Alameda 340SantiagoChile

Aims We tested whether—in addition to weather conditions—the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the substrate have an effect on the radial stem increment of Nothofagus dombeyi trees in old-growth forest stands on volcanic soil at the western slopes of the Andes in South-Central *** We took soil samples and tree increment cores from five proximate sites(1000-1300 m a.s.l.)that are located in the volcanic region of the Conguillío National Park and differ in the age of the substrate(Miocene—3500 years B.P.)and in its concentrations of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P).The soil samples were also analysed on their concentrations of other plant mineral nutrients,carbon(C)and nitrogen isotope ratios(δ^(15)N).Tree-ring widths and the stem basal area increment(BAI)were related to climate *** selected tree rings,the stable isotope ratios of carbon(δ^(13)C)and oxygen(δ^(18)O)were determined and related to growth and climate *** FindingsConsistent with theory,the soils on the oldest substrate showed the highest(least negative)δ^(15)N values,but mineral N was the only nutrient whose concentration exhibited a straightforward(increasing)relationship with increasing substrate *** BAI was largest on the soil with the highest concentration of plant-available *** contrast to BAI,tree-ring chronologies did not differ among the study ***,tree-ring chronologies and BAI exhibited significantly positive correlations with summer precipitation,and negative correlations,with summer(december)temperature.A negative correlation was found betweenδ^(13)C and precipitation anomalies in the growing season(November-March).We interpret the negative correlations between growth and temperature,and betweenδ^(13)C andδ^(18)O in the tree rings,as an impairment of net carbon assimilation by anomalously warm weather conditions during the growing *** conclude that the growth of *** is mainly affected by high temperature and low precipitation

关键词： Andisol annual ring dendroecology temperate broadleaf forest weather anomalies

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Pannexin 1-based channels activity as a novel regulator of multiple sclerosis progression

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第1期15卷 65-66页

作者： Fernando C.Ortiz Carlos Puebla Mechanisms on Myelin Formation and Repair Laboratory Instituto de Ciencias BiomedicasFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autonoma de ChileSantiagoChile Cellular Physiology Laboratory Instituto de Ciencias BiomedicasFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autonoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Multiple sclerosis(MS):MS is a neurodegenerative disease affecting around 2.5 million people worldwide,representing the second cause of disabilities in the young adult *** is a demyelinating pathology which originates in the autoimmune attack of T and B lymphocytes against *** lack of myelin leads,in turn,to axonal degeneration,neuronal death and the consequent neurological disabilities(Franklin and Ffrench-Constant,2017).A main hallmark of MS is a preserved local neuroinflammatory *** is now acknowledged that this persistent inflammatory scenario is a central and common condition in almost all neurodegenerative pathologies(as in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases,among others)controlling and modulating the regulatory responses of the system to the triggering *** the case of MS,this original insult corresponds to the loss of myelin(Chitnis and Weiner,2017;Franklin and Ffrench-Constant,2017).

关键词： Franklin representing degeneration

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Overexpression of the cholesterol-binding protein MLN64 induces liver damage in the mouse

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第22期13卷 3071-3079页

作者： Juan Enrique Tichauer María Gabriela Morales Ludwig Amigo Leopoldo Galdames Andrés Klein Verónica Quiones Carla Ferrada Alejandra Alvarez R Marie-Christine Rio Juan Francisco Miquel Attilio Rigotti Silvana Zanlungo departamento de Gastroenterología Facultad de Medicina Pontifi cia Universidad Católica Santiago Chile departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica Santiago Chile Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire INSERM U596 67404 Illkirch France

AIM： To examine the in vivo phenotype associated with hepatic metastatic lymph node 64 （MLN64） overexpression.METHODS： Recombinant-adenovirus-mediated MLN64 gene transfer was used to overexpress MLN64 in the livers of C57BL/6 mice. We measured the effects of MLN64 overexpression on hepatic cholesterol content, bile flow, biliary lipid secretion and apoptosis markers. For in vitro studies cultured CHO cells with transient MLN64 overexpression were utilized and apoptosis by TUNEL assay was measured.RESULTS： Livers from ***64-infected mice exhibited early onset of liver damage and apoptosis. This response correlated with increases in liver cholesterol content and bilian/bile acid concentration, and impaired bile flow. We investigated whether liver MLN64 expression could be modulated in a murine model of hepatic injury. We found increased hepatic MLN64 mRNA and protein levels in mice with chenodeoxycholic acid-induced liver damage. In addition, cultured CliO cells with transient MLN64 overexpression showed increased apoptosis.CONCLUSION： In summary, hepatic MLN64 overexpression induced damage and apoptosis in murine livers and altered cholesterol metabolism. Further studies are required to elucidate the relevance of these findings under physiologic and disease conditions.

关键词： Metastatic lymph node 64 Apoptosis Cholesterol Liver StarD3

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Genetic variation in the reduction of attractive floral traits of an annual tarweed in response to drought and apical damage

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第5期9卷 629-635页

作者： Wilfredo L.Gonzáles Lorena H.Suárez Ernesto Gianoli Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva LIDFacultad de Ciencias y FilosofíaUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLimaPerú departamento de Ecología P.Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile departamento de Biología Universidad de La SerenaLa SerenaChile departamento de Botánica Universidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile

Aims Foliar herbivory and water stress may affect floral traits attractive to *** genotypes may differ in their responses to the interplay between these factors,and evolution of phenotypic plasticity could be expected,particularly in heterogeneous *** aimed at evaluating the effects of simulated herbivory and experimental drought on floral traits attractive to pollinators in genetic families of the annual tarweed Madia sativa,which inhabits heterogeneous environments in terms of water availability,herbivore abundance and pollinator *** In a greenhouse experiment with 15 inbred lines from a *** population located in central Chile(Mediterranean-type climate),we measured the effects of apical bud damage and reduced water availability on:number of ray florets per flower head,length of ray florets,flower head diameter,number of open flower heads per plant,flowering plant height and flowering *** Findings Apical damage and water shortage reduced phenotypic expression of floral traits attractive to pollinators via additive and non-additive *** in low water showed decreased height and had fewer and shorter ray florets,and fewer and smaller flower *** plants showed delayed flowering,were less tall,and showed shorter ray florets and smaller flower *** number of ray florets was reduced by damage only in the low water *** height,flowering time and number of flower heads showed among-family *** traits also showed genetic variation for plasticity to water *** floret length,flower head size and time to flowering showed genetic variation for plastic responses to apical *** in flowering time may allow *** to adjust to the increased aridity foreseen for its *** genetic variation for plastic responses was detected,conditions are given for evolutionary responses to selective forces acting on plastic *** suggest that the evolution o

关键词： flower genetic variation herbivory phenotypic plasticity water availability

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Population structure and body condition of White-crested Elaenia(Elaenia albiceps)in relation to habitat in a modiffed Neotropical forest landscape

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 160-165页

作者： Roberto F.Thomson Andrew G.Gosler Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOX13PSOxfordUK Laboratorio de Ecología de Vida Silvestre Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Conservacion de la NaturalezaUniversidad de ChileSanta Rosa#11315La PintanaRegion MetropolitanaChile Institute of Human Sciences The Pauling Centre58a Banbury Rd.OxfordOX26QSUK

despite the widely accepted view that planted forests are valuable habitat for wildlife species,there is a lack of empirical evidence showing the suitability of this novel habitat,especially in relation to plantations of exotic tree ***,little is known about the effects of forest management on the ecology and dynamics of wild populations in the *** the breeding season,the migrant flycatcher White-crested Elaenia is the most abundant bird species in forested landscapes in *** several years we have studied different aspects of these artificial forests in the coastal range of south-central Chile as habitat for the species,particularly in contrast to the native *** general,our results indicate that plantation forests offer a poorer quality habitat,where the density of the species tends to be lower than in the native forest,although a significant edge effect suggests that its quality can be mitigated by planting as a matrix mosaic with native ***,compared to native forests,populations in plantations contained a higher proportion of younger adult individuals maintaining larger territories,and showing poorer body *** suggest that these differences could also have an impact on the birds'longevity and survival.

关键词： Body condition Migrant Planted forests Survival Temperate forests Territory

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