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Sieve element occlusion provides resistance against Aphis gossypii in TGR-1551 melons

Insect Science 2020年第1期27卷 33-48页

作者： Hsuan-Chieh Peng Gregory P.Walker Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology University of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA Department of Entomology University of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA

Feeding behavior and plant response to feeding were studied for the aphid Aphis gossypii Glover on susceptible and resistant melons(*** and TGR-1551,respectively).Average phloem phase bout duration on TGR-1551 was<7% of the duration on ***-seven percent of aphids on TGR-1551 never produced a phloem phase that attained ingestion(EPG waveform E2)in contrast to only 7% of aphids on *** bout duration of waveform E2(scored as zero if phloem phase did not attain E2)on TGR-1551 was<3% of the duration on ***,average bout duration of EPG waveform El(sieve element salivation)was 2.8 times greater on TGR-1551 than on *** a second experiment,liquid nitrogen was used to rapidly cryofix leaves and aphids within a few minutes after the aphids penetrated a sieve *** near the penetration site was then examined by confocal laser scanning ***-six percent of penetrated sieve elements were occluded by protein in TGR-1551 in contrast to only 28% in *** in TGR-1551,occlusion was also observed in nearby nonpenetrated sieve ***,a calcium channel blocker,trivalent lanthanum,was used to prevent phloem occlusion in TGR-1551,and *** feeding behavior and the plants phloem response were compared between lanthanum-treated and control *** treatment eliminated the sieve element protein occlusion response and the aphids readily ingested phloem sap from treated *** study provides strong evidence that phloem occlusion is a mechanism for resistance against *** in TGR-1551.

关键词： aphid feeding behavior Aphis gossypii Cucumis melo insect-plant resistance phloem occlusion sieve element occlusion proteins

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Research on Arterial Stiffness Status in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Based on Pulse Waveform Characteristics

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2018年第11期117卷 143-155页

作者： Gaoyang Li Xiaorui Song Aike Qiao Makoto Ohta Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Tohoku UniversitySendaiMiyagiJapan. Department of Radiology Taishan Medical UniversityNo.619 Greatwall RoadDaiyue DistrictTaianShandong271000China College of Life Science and Bioengineering Beijing University of TechnologyNo.100PingleyuanChaoyang DistrictBeijing100022China Institute of Fluid Science Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8577MiyagiJapan ELyTMaX UMI 3757 CNRS-Universitéde Lyon-Tohoku UniversityJapan

For patients with type 2 diabetes,the evaluation of pulse waveform characteristics is helpful to understand changes in arterial ***,there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of pulse waveform ***,we aimed to investigate the changes in pulse waveform characteristics in patients with type 2 diabetes due to increased arterial *** this study,25 patients with type 2 diabetes and 50 healthy subjects were selected based on their clinical ***,height,weight,blood pressure,and pulse pressure were collected as the subjects’basic *** brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV)was collected as an index of arterial *** of time[the pulse wave period(T),the relative positions of peak point(T1)and notch point(T2),and pulse wave time difference between upper and lower limbs(T3)]and area[the total waveform area(A),and the areas of the waveform before(A1)and after(A2)the notch point]were extracted from the pulse wave signals as pulse waveform *** independent sample t-test was performed to determine whether there were significant differences between ***’s correlation analysis was performed to determine the correlations between pulse waveform parameters and *** were significant differences in T3,A,A1,and A2 between the groups(p<0.05).For patients with type 2 diabetes,there were statistically significant correlations between baPWV and T3,A,A1,and A2(p<0.05).This study quantitatively assessed changes in arterial pulse waveform parameters in patients with type 2 *** was demonstrated that pulse waveform characteristics(T3,A,A1,and A2)could be used as indices of arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes pulse waveform arterial stiffness.

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Evidence of proteins, chromosomes and chemical markers of DNA in exceptionally preserved dinosaur cartilage

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National Science Review 2020年第4期7卷 815-822页

作者： Alida M.Bailleul Wenxia Zheng John R.Horner Brian K.Hall Casey M.Holliday Mary H.Schweitzer Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Department of Geology University of Lund Honors Program Chapman University Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences University of Missouri North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Department of Biology Dalhousie University

A histological ground-section from a duck-billed dinosaur nestling(Hypacrosaurus stebingeri) revealed microstructures morphologically consistent with nuclei and chromosomes in cells within calcified *** hypothesized that this exceptional cellular preservation extended to the molecular level and had molecular features in common with extant avian cartilage. Histochemical and immunological evidence supports in situ preservation of extracellular matrix components found in extant cartilage, including glycosaminoglycans and collagen type II. Furthermore, isolated Hypacrosaurus chondrocytes react positively with two DNA intercalating stains. Specific DNA staining is only observed inside the isolated cells, suggesting endogenous nuclear material survived fossilization. Our data support the hypothesis that calcified cartilage is preserved at the molecular level in this Mesozoic material, and suggest that remnants of once-living chondrocytes, including their DNA, may preserve for millions of years.

关键词： cartilage dinosaur nuclei chromosomes collagen Ⅱ DNA markers

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