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Nutritional assessment in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy

World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第30期7卷 2940-2954页

作者： Fernando Gomes Romeiro Lais Augusti Gastroenterology Division Department of Internal Medicine-Botucatu Medical SchoolUNESP-Univ Estadual PaulistaBotucatu 18608-917Sao PauloBrazil

Hepatic encephalopathy(HE) is one of the worst complications of liver disease and can be greatly influenced by nutritional status. Ammonia metabolism, inflammation and muscle wasting are relevant processes in HE pathophysiology. Malnutrition worsens the prognosis in HE, requiring early assessment of nutritional status of these patients. Body composition changes induced by liver disease and limitations superimposed by HE hamper the proper accomplishment of exams in this population, but evidence is growing that assessment of muscle mass and muscle function is mandatory due to the role of skeletal muscles in ammonia metabolism. In this review, we present the pathophysiological aspects involved in HE to support further discussion about advantages and drawbacks of some methods for evaluating the nutritional status of cirrhotic patients with HE, focusing on body composition.

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy Liver cirrhosis Malnutrition Anthropometry Muscle strength Electric impedance Nutrition assessment Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

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Reproductive ecology of the seabob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri(Heller,1862)in a coastal area of Southern Brazil

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2016年第1期34卷 125-135页

作者： GRABOWSKI Raphael Cezar NEGREIROS-FRANSOZO Maria Lucia CASTILHO Antonio Leao Zoology Department Botucatu Biosciences InstituteSao Paulo State UniversityBotucatu

The predictability of certain environmental factors that affect the life cycle of the seabob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri(Heller,1862) was evaluated in a study of its reproductive biology in an area adjacent to Babitonga Bay,State of Santa Catarina,Brazil. Monthly sampling was conducted from July 2010 through June 2011 at depths of 5,8,11,14,and 17 m.76 004 individuals were obtained,with a pronounced peak in absolute abundance in austral autumn(34 208),coinciding with the annual closed season from March to May. Grain size composition of the sediment showed the closest relationship to the distribution of individuals(multiple linear regression,P <0.05),related to their burying habit. The observed correlations between the abundance of reproductive males(bearing spermatophores) and females with spent gonads(cross-correlation,P <0.05),and between reproductive males and reproductive females(with a 1-month lag) suggest that the peak of reproductive males preceded the peak offemale ones. This result agrees with the pattern expected for females,which copulate in post-ecdysis(spent gonads). Spawning seemed to take place at greater depths,as evidenced by the concentration of reproductive females in these areas. The reproductive activities observed here confirm that this species follows a tropical/subtropical reproductive pattern,spawning continuously throughout the year,with the highest peaks in spring and autumn. The data indicate that the juvenile recruitment period observed in August-September resulted from the reproductive output noted in April–May. Additionally,the reproductive period recorded in November led to the juvenile peak observed in March–May.

关键词： crustacean fisheries Dendrobranchiata environmental effects recruitment spawning

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