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Prevalence and serotype distribution of nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among healthy children under 5 years of age in Hainan Province, China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 42-52页

作者： Jian Wang Li Qiu Shuang Bai Wei Zhao Ao Zhang Jing Li Jun-Nan Zhang Shan-Shan Zhou Ren Qiu Zhu Huang Jv-Xia Liu Ting-Bin Wang Xue Sun Jiang Wu Qun Zheng Bin He Min Lv Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control BeijingChina Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases BeijingChina Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention HaikouChina Haikou Center for Disease Control and Prevention HaikouHainanChina Wanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention WanningHainanChina Baisha County Center for Disease Control and Prevention BaishaHainanChina Qiongzhong County Center for Disease Control and Prevention QiongzhongHainanChina

Background The thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine(PCV13)is not included in the national immu-nization program and is administered voluntarily with informed consent in China.In preparation for assessing the impact of pilot introduction in Hainan Province,we conducted a carriage study among children under 5 years of age from four locations in Hainan Province,China.Methods From March to June 2022,nasopharyngeal(NP)swabs,collected from healthy children aged younger than 59 months who lived in the 4 different locations(Haikou,Wanning,Baisha and Qiongzhong)in Hainan Province,were tested for pneumococcus using conventional culture.Pneumococcal isolates were serotyped using the Quel-lung reaction.Risk factors associated with pneumococcal colonization were assessed using univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age,daycare attendance and other factors.Results Pneumococcus was isolated in 710(30.4%)of the 2333 children enrolled.Of 737 pneumococci,29 serotypes were identifed;60.9%were PCV13 serotypes;the most common vaccine serotypes were 6B(20.4%),19F(13.0%),6A(11.9%)and 23F(6.1%);and the most common nonvaccine serotypes were 23A(12.9%),34(6.1%)and nontypeable(NT)pneumococci(5.6%).Children vaccinated with PCV13 had lower carriage(17.7%vs 32.5%;P=0.0001)and fewer PCV13 serotypes(41.9%vs 62.7%;P=0.0017)compared to unimmunized children.After adjustment,NP carriage Was higher among children attending daycare(aOR=2.3,95%CI:1.7-3.2),living in rural areas(aOR=1.4,95%CI:1.1-1.8),living with siblings(aOR=1.3,95%CI:1.0-1.6)and whose mothers had completed senior high/technical sec-ondary school(aOR=1.5,95%CI:1.1-2.0).In contrast,completion of 3-4 doses of PCV13 were associated with a lower carriage rate(aOR=0.6,95%CI:0.4-0.9).Conclusions We established the baseline of pneumococcal carriage,serotype distribution and PCV13 immuni-zation rates among healthy children under 5 years of age in Hainan Province,prior to the introduction of PCV13 into the national immunization program.The high proport

关键词： Pneumococcus Nasopharyngeal carriage Serotypes distribution Children Hainan Province China

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The relationship between compartment models and their stochastic counterparts:A comparative study with examples of the COVID-19 epidemic modeling

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Journal of Biomedical Research 2024年第2期38卷 175-188,I0016-I0018页

作者： Ziyu Zhao Yi Zhou Jinxing Guan Yan Yan Jing Zhao Zhihang Peng Feng Chen Yang Zhao Fang Shao Department of Biostatistics School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211166China Nanjing Hanwei Public Health Research Institute Co. LtdNanjingJiangsu 210005China China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health Center for Global HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211166China The Center of Biomedical Big Data and the Laboratory of Biomedical Big Data Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211166China Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers Prevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211166China

Deterministic compartment models(CMs)and stochastic models,including stochastic CMs and agent-based models,are widely utilized in epidemic modeling.However,the relationship between CMs and their corresponding stochastic models is not well understood.The present study aimed to address this gap by conducting a comparative study using the susceptible,exposed,infectious,and recovered(SEIR)model and its extended CMs from the coronavirus disease 2019 modeling literature.We demonstrated the equivalence of the numerical solution of CMs using the Euler scheme and their stochastic counterparts through theoretical analysis and simulations.Based on this equivalence,we proposed an efficient model calibration method that could replicate the exact solution of CMs in the corresponding stochastic models through parameter adjustment.The advancement in calibration techniques enhanced the accuracy of stochastic modeling in capturing the dynamics of epidemics.However,it should be noted that discrete-time stochastic models cannot perfectly reproduce the exact solution of continuous-time CMs.Additionally,we proposed a new stochastic compartment and agent mixed model as an alternative to agent-based models for large-scale population simulations with a limited number of agents.This model offered a balance between computational efficiency and accuracy.The results of this research contributed to the comparison and unification of deterministic CMs and stochastic models in epidemic modeling.Furthermore,the results had implications for the development of hybrid models that integrated the strengths of both frameworks.Overall,the present study has provided valuable epidemic modeling techniques and their practical applications for understanding and controlling the spread of infectious diseases.

关键词： compartment models agent-based models compartment-agent mixed models comparative study COVID-19

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Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can cause pancreatic impairment

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2143-2160页

作者： Wei Deng Linlin Bao Zhiqi Song Ling Zhang Pin Yu Yanfeng Xu Jue Wang Wenjie Zhao Xiuqin Zhang Yunlin Han Yanhong Li Jiangning Liu Qi Lv Xujian Liang Fengdi Li Feifei Qi Ran Deng Siyuan Wang Yibai Xiong Ruiping Xiao Hongyang Wang Chuan Qin NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China Institute of Molecular Medicine College of Future TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesBeijing 100871China Chinese Academy of Engineering Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital225 Changhai RoadYangpu DistrictShanghai 200438China International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery InstituteSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200438PR China National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200441PR China Changping National laboratory(CPNL) Beijing 102206China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijingPR China

Evidence suggests associations between COVID-19 patients or vaccines and glycometabolic dysfunction and an even higher risk of the occurrence of diabetes.Herein,we retrospectively analyzed pancreatic lesions in autopsy tissues from 67 SARS-CoV-2 infected non-human primates(NHPs)models and 121 vaccinated and infected NHPs from 2020 to 2023 and COVID-19 patients.Multi-label immunofluorescence revealed direct infection of both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells by the virus in NHPs and humans.Minor and limited phenotypic and histopathological changes were observed in adult models.Systemic proteomics and metabolomics results indicated metabolic disorders,mainly enriched in insulin resistance pathways,in infected adult NHPs,along with elevated fasting C-peptide and C-peptide/glucose ratio levels.Furthermore,in elder COVID-19 NHPs,SARS-CoV-2 infection causes loss of beta(β)cells and lower expressed-insulin in situ characterized by islet amyloidosis and necrosis,activation ofα-SMA and aggravated fibrosis consisting of lower collagen in serum,an increase of pancreatic inflammation and stress markers,ICAM-1 and G3BP1,along with more severe glycometabolic dysfunction.In contrast,vaccination maintained glucose homeostasis by activating insulin receptorαand insulin receptorβ.Overall,the cumulative risk of diabetes post-COVID-19 is closely tied to age,suggesting more attention should be paid to blood sugar management in elderly COVID-19 patients.

关键词： infected elevated homeostasis

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The coverage and challenges of increasing uptake of non-National Immunization Program vaccines in China:a scoping review

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第6期12卷 19-33页

作者： Mingzhu Jiang Shu Chen Xuanxuan Yan Xiaohua Ying Shenglan Tang School of Public Health Fudan University130 Dong’an RoadXuhui DistrictShanghai 200032China Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research(CEPAR) University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia School of Risk and Actuarial Studies University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia Global Health Research Center Duke Kunshan UniversityKunshanJiangsuChina SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute Duke-NUSSingaporeSingapore Duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamUSA

Background Non-National Immunization Program (NIP) vaccines have played an important role in controlling vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) in China. However, these vaccines are paid out of pocket and there is room to increase their coverage. We focused on four selected non-NIP vaccines in this study, namely Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), and rotavirus vaccine. We aimed to conduct a scoping review of their vaccination rates and the major barriers faced by health systems, providers, and caregivers to increase coverage.Methods We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We searched five English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and WHO IRIS) and four Chinese databases using the search strategy developed by the study team. Two independent reviewers screened, selected studies, and examined their quality. We summarized the non-NIP vaccine coverage data by vaccine and applied the 5A framework (Access, Affordability, Acceptance, Awareness, Activation) to chart and analyze barriers to increasing coverage.Results A total of 28 articles were included in the analysis (nine pertaining to vaccine coverage, and another 19 reporting challenges of increasing uptake). Among the four selected vaccines, coverage for the Hib vaccine was the highest (54.9-55.9% for 1 dose or more from two meta-analyses) in 2016, while the coverage of the other three vaccines was lower than 30%. Eight of the nine included articles mentioned the regional disparity of coverage, which was lower in under-developing regions. For example, the three-dose Hib vaccination rate in eastern provinces was 38.1%, whereas the rate in central and western provinces was 34.3% and 26.2%, respectively in 2017. Within the 5A framework, acceptance, awareness, and affordability stood out as the most prominent themes. Among the 12 identified sub-themes, high prices, low vaccine awareness,

关键词： Non-National Immunization Program vaccines HPV Hib PCV Rotavirus Coverage Uptake Barriers Challenges

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Immunization coverage,knowledge,satisfaction,and associated factors of non-National Immunization Program vaccines among migrant and left-behind families in China:evidence from Zhejiang and Henan provinces

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第5期12卷 69-80页

作者： Yaguan Zhou Duanhui Li Yuan Cao Fenhua Lai Yu Wang Qian Long Zifan Zhang Chuanbo An Xiaolin Xu School of Public Health The Second Afliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineYuhangtang Road 866Hangzhou 310058ZhejiangChina The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province HangzhouZhejiangChina Songxian Center for Disease Control and Prevention LuoyangHenanChina Department of Immunoprophylaxis Xiaoshan Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhouZhejiangChina Global Health Research Center Division of Social SciencesDuke Kunshan UniversityKunshanJiangsuChina Global Health Research Center Duke Kunshan UniversityKunshanJiangsuChina School of Public Health Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia

Background Migrant and left-behind families are vulnerable in health services utilization,but little is known about their disparities in immunization of non-National Immunization Program(NIP)vaccines.This study aims to evaluate the immunization coverage,knowledge,satisfaction,and associated factors of non-NIP vaccines among local and migrant families in the urban areas and non-left-behind and left-behind families in the rural areas of China.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in urban areas of Zhejiang and rural areas of Henan in China.A total of 1648 caregivers of children aged 1-6 years were interviewed face-to-face by a pre-designed online questionnaire,and their families were grouped into four types:local urban,migrant,non-left-behind,and left-behind.Non-NIP vaccines includedHemophilus influenza b(Hib)vaccine,varicella vaccine,rotavirus vaccine,enterovirus 71 vaccine(EV71)and 13-valent pneumonia vaccine(PCV13).Log-binomial regression models were used to calculate prevalence ratios(PRs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for the difference on immunization coverage of children,and knowledge and satisfaction of caregivers among families.The network models were conducted to explore the interplay of immunization coverage,knowledge,and satisfaction.Logistic regression models with odds ratios(ORs)and 95%CIs were used to estimate the associated factors of non-NIP vaccination.Results The immunization coverage of all non-NIP vaccines and knowledge of all items of local urban families was the highest,followed by migrant,non-left-behind and left-behind families.Compared with local urban children,thePRs(95%CIs)for getting all vaccinated were 0.65(0.52-0.81),0.29(0.22-0.37)and 0.14(0.09-0.21)among migrant children,non-left-behind children and left-behind children,respectively.The coverage-knowledge-satisfaction network model showed the core node was the satisfaction of vaccination schedule.Non-NIP vaccination was associated with characteristics of both children and caregivers,including age of children(>2 years-OR:1.

关键词： Non-National Immunization Program vaccines Migrant family Left-behind family Immunization coverage Immunization knowledge Immunization satisfaction China

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Factors associated with recommendation behaviors of four non-National Immunization Program vaccines:a cross-sectional survey among public health workers in China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第5期12卷 58-68页

作者： Yun Lyu Xiaozhen Lai Yidi Ma Hai Fang Department of Health Policy and Management School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina Health Economics Research Centre Nufeld Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK China Center for Health Development Studies Peking UniversityBeijingChina Peking University Health Science Center-Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Joint Research Center for Vaccine Economics Peking UniversityBeijingChina Institute for Global Health and Development Peking UniversityBeijingChina

Background Immunization is a crucial preventive measure to safeguard children under five years old against a range of diseases.In China,the coverage rate of non-National Immunization Program(non-NIP)vaccines can be improved by leveraging the recommendation from public health workers.Hence,understanding the influencing factors of recommendation behaviors assume paramount importance.This study aims to investigate influencing factors of public health workers’recommendation behaviors towards non-NIP vaccines,with a particular emphasis on financial incentives.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a multi-stage sampling method in 2019 from August to October.627 public health workers were recruited from 148 community healthcare centers in ten provincial-level administrative divisions in China.An anonymous questionnaire was used to collect demographic information,attitudes towards vaccination,and recommendation behaviors towards non-NIP vaccines,includingHaemophilus influenzae type b(Hib)vaccine,pneumococcal conjugate vaccine,varicella vaccine,and rotavirus vaccine.Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were adopted in this study.Results Of the 610 public health workers with complete survey data,53.8%,57.4%,84.1%,and 54.1%often recommended Hib vaccine,pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine(PCV),varicella vaccine,and rotavirus vaccine,respectively.Logistic regression revealed that gender(Hib vaccine:OR=0.4,95%CI:0.2-0.8;PCV:OR=0.4,95%CI:0.2-0.8;rotavirus vaccine:OR=0.3,95%CI:0.2-0.6),financial incentives for non-NIP vaccination(Hib vaccine:OR=1.9,95%CI:1.1-3.6;PCV:OR=2.1,95%CI:1.1-3.9;rotavirus vaccine:OR=2.0,95%CI:1.1-3.8)and perception of vaccine safety(Hib vaccine:OR=2.7,95%CI:1.1-7.0;PCV:OR=3.2,95%CI:1.2-8.0;rotavirus vaccine:OR=3.0,95%CI:1.2-7.7)were associated with public health workers’recommendation towards Hib vaccine,PCV and rotavirus vaccine.Conclusions The findings highlighted public health workers’recommendation behaviors of non-NIP vaccines in China and revealed strong asso

关键词： National Immunization Program Vaccination Public health workers Cross-sectional survey Recommendation China

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Physical Activity and Different Recommendations Associated with the Dynamic Trajectory of Cardiometabolic Diseases-UK,2006-2021

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China CDC weekly 2022年第51期4卷 1154-1160,I0001-I0004页

作者： Lan Chen Miao Cai Hongtao Zou Shiyu Zhang Xiaojie Wang Haitao Li Hualiang Lin Zilong Zhang Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management Health Science CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina

What is already known about this topic?Previous studies have illustrated the benefits of physical activity on cardiometabolic multimorbidity(CMM),while limited studies have concentrated on the trajectory of CMM progression.What is added by this report?Through multi-stage regression analysis,we found that physical activity could reduce the risk of CMM incidence.Participants initially free of cardiometabolic diseases(CMDs)may benefit more from engaging in recommended physical activity.What are the implications for public health practice?Adults,especially those initially free of CMDs,should engage in WHO-recommended physical activity as early as possible to prevent CMD incidence and further progression.

关键词： CMD CMM Dynamic

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Factors Associated with PCV13 Vaccine Hesitancy in Parents under an Innovative Immunization Strategy:a Cross-Sectional Study—Weifang City,Shandong Province,China,2021

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China CDC weekly 2023年第12期5卷 271-277页

作者： Yuanze Du Yan Wang Ting Zhang Libing Ma Shuyun Xie Yi Wang Yuan Yang Juanjuan Li Yushu Feng Yujue Wang Weiran Qi Weizhong Yang Jian Zhou Chunping Wang Luzhao Feng School of Public Health Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang CityShandong ProvinceChina School of Population Medicine&Public Health Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin CityGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention Hangzhou CityZhejiang ProvinceChina Division of immunization Center for Disease Control and PreventionWeifang CityShandong ProvinceChina Division of Infectious Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina School of Management Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang CityShandong ProvinceChina School of Dentistry University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUnited States Division of Infectious Diseases Center for Disease Control and PreventionWeifang CityShandong ProvinceChina

Summary What is already known on this topic?Pneumococcal diseases(PDs)are serious threats to child health.Although vaccination is one of the most effective ways to prevent these diseases,the pneumococcal vaccination coverage rate is still relatively low in China.What is added by this report?This study investigated the factors associated with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine(PCV13)vaccine hesitancy in parents under an innovative immunization strategy.

关键词： China Strategy conjugate

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Attitudes Regarding Influenza Vaccination Among Public Health Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic — China, September 2022

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China CDC weekly 2023年第6期5卷 137-142页

作者： Heya Yi Yanlin Cao Jiemi Zhao Binshan Jiang Congxuan Bing Zijian Feng Weizhong Yang Jiandong Zheng Luzhao Feng Chinese Preventive Medicine Association BeijingChina Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Division of Infectious Disease Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Public health workers(PHWs)were listed as a priority group recommended for influenza vaccination during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Understanding the d... 详细信息

关键词： vaccine vaccination listed

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Impact of 1,7-malaria reactive community-based testing and response(1,7-mRCTR)approach on malaria prevalence inTanzania

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第6期12卷 103-104页

作者： Wei Chang Jessica Cohen Duo‑Quan Wang Salim Abdulla Muhidin Kassim Mahende Tegemeo Gavana Valerie Scott Hajirani M.Msuya Mary Mwanyika‑Sando Ritha John ANjau Shen‑Ning Lu Silas Temu Honorati Masanja Wilbald Anthony Maru Aregawi W Naveen Sunder Tang Kun Katia Bruxvoort Jovin Kitau Fadhila Kihwele Godlove Chila Mihayo Michael Marcia Castro Nicolas AMenzies Sein Kim Xiao Ning Xiao‑Nong Zhou Prosper Chaki Yeromin P.Mlacha Department of Global Health and Population Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston USA Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Shanghai People’s Republic of China School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People’s Republic of China Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research Shanghai People’s Republic of China WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases Shanghai People’s Republic of China Ifakara Health Institute Dar es Salaam United Republic of Tanzania Africa Academy for Public Health Dar es Salaam Tanzania Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases Ministry of Science and Technology Shanghai People’s Republic of China Global Malaria Programme World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Bentley University Waltham USA Vanke School of Public Health Tsinghua University Beijing People’s Republic of China School of Public Health University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham USA The Pan-African Mosquito Control Association (PAMCA) KEMRI Headquarters Nairobi Kenya

Background Progress in malaria control has stalled in recent years and innovative surveillance and response approaches are needed to accelerate malaria control and elimination eforts in endemic areas of Africa.Build‑ing on a previous China-UK-Tanzania pilot study on malaria control,this study aimed to assess the impact of the 1,7-malaria Reactive Community-Based Testing and Response(1,7-mRCTR)approach implemented over two years in three districts of Tanzania.Methods The 1,7-mRCTR approach provides community-based malaria testing via rapid diagnostic tests and treat‑ment in villages with the highest burden of malaria incidence based on surveillance data from health facilities.We used a diference-in-diferences quasi-experimental design with linear probability models and two waves of crosssectional household surveys to assess the impact of 1,7-mRCTR on malaria prevalence.We conducted sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of our results,examined how intervention efects varied in subgroups,and explored alternative explanations for the observed results.Results Between October 2019 and September 2021,244,771 community-based malaria rapid tests were com‑pleted in intervention areas,and each intervention village received an average of 3.85 rounds of 1-7mRCTR.Malaria prevalence declined from 27.4%at baseline to 11.7%at endline in the intervention areas and from 26.0%to 16.0%in the control areas.1,7-mRCTR was associated with a 4.5-percentage-point decrease in malaria prevalence(95%confdence interval:−0.067,−0.023),equivalent to a 17%reduction from the baseline.In Rufji,a district characterized by lower prevalence and where larviciding was additionally provided,1,7-mRCTR was associated with a 63.9%decline in malaria prevalence.Conclusions The 1,7-mRCTR approach reduced malaria prevalence.Despite implementation interruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic and supply chain challenges,the study provided novel evidence on the efectiveness of community-based reactive approaches in moderate-to high-endemicity areas and demon

关键词： Malaria Surveillance and response Incidence rate Community-health worker Health facility Communitybased testing and treatment 1,7-mRCTR Tanzania

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