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Irrigation and nitrogen fertiliser optimisation in protected vegetable fields of northern China:Achieving environmental and agronomic sustainability

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 1022-1033页

作者： Bingqian Fan Yitao Zhang Owen Fenton Karen Daly Jungai Li Hongyuan Wang Limei Zhai Xiaosheng Luo Qiuliang Lei Shuxia Wu Hongbin Liu State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/lnstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Teagasc Environmental Research CentreWexford Y35Ireland Institute of Plant Nutrition Resources and Environmental SciencesHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou 450002China

Globally,sub-optimal use of nitrogen (N) fertiliser and elevated N irrigation groundwater have led to high leached nitrate (NO_(3)^(–)) losses from protected vegetable field *** fertiliser and irrigation management in different soil types is crucial to reduce future N loads from such *** present 4-year study examined leached N loads from lysimeter monitoring arrays set up across 18 protected vegetable system sites encompassing the dominant soil types of northern *** treatments applied at each field site were:1) a high N and high irrigation input treatment (HNHI);2) a low N but high irrigation input treatment (LNHI) and 3) a low N with low irrigation input treatment (LNLI).Results showed that the mean annual leached total nitrogen loads from the HNHI,LNHI and LNLI treatments were 325,294 and 257 kg N ha^(–1) in the fluvo-aquic soil,114,100 and 78 kg N ha^(–1) in the cinnamon soil and 79,68 and 57 kg N ha^(–1) in the black soil,*** N dissolved in irrigation water in the fluvo-aquic soil areas was 8.26-fold higher than in the cinnamon areas.A structural equation model showed that N fertiliser inputs and leaching water amounts explained 14.7 and 81.8%of the variation of leached N loads,***,reducing irrigation water by 21.5%decreased leached N loads by 20.9%,while reducing manure N and chemical N inputs by 22 and 25%decreased leached N loads by only 9.5%. This study highlights that protected vegetable fields dominated by fluvo-aquic soil need management to curtail leached N losses in northern China.

关键词： agriculture water quality nitrate groundwater irrigation management

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Limited impacts of occasional tillage on dry aggregate size distribution and soil carbon and nitrogen fractions in semi-arid drylands

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2024年第1期12卷 96-106页

作者： Wooiklee S.Paye Vesh R.Thapa Rajan Ghimire New Mexico State University Agricultural Science CenterClovisNM88101USA New Mexico State University Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesLas CrucesNM88003USA

Tillage management that minimizes the frequency and intensity of soil disturbance can increase soil carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)sequestration and improve the resilience of dryland cropping systems,yet the impact of occasional disturbance on soil aggregate formation and the soil organic carbon(SOC)storage within aggregates has not been studied *** evaluated the effect of four tillage management practices on soil dry aggregate size distribution,aggregate-protected C and N,mineral-associated organic matter carbon(MAOM-C),particulate organic matter carbon(POM-C),and corn(Zea mays L.)and sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)yields in a semi-arid dryland cropping *** included conventional tillage(CT),strip-tillage(ST),no-tillage(NT),and occasional tillage(OT)management in a corn-sorghum *** macro-aggregates were 51-54%greater under ST,NT,and OT,while small and micro-aggregates were greater in *** tillage reduced soil aggregate-associated C by 28-31%in macro-aggregates and 47-53%in small aggregates at 26 months(M)sampling compared to ST,NT,and *** clay+silt fraction,CT had 14-16%,21-26%,and 36-43%less SOC at 7,14,and 26M samplings,respectively,than ST,NT,and *** associated N was generally similar under ST,NT,and OT,which was greater on average than *** MOAM-C and POM-C under ST,NT,and OT were generally greater than respective SOC fractions under CT at 19 and 26 M after OT *** and sorghum yields were similar among tillage systems in 2020,but greater under ST,NT,and OT than CT in *** results suggest that while frequent intensive tillage can lower SOC and N storage,a single stubble mulch occasional tillage after several years of NT does not lead to soil C and N losses and soil structural instability in semi-arid drylands.

关键词： Conventional tillage Occasional tillage Aggregate associated carbon Mineral associated organic matter carbon(MAOM-C) Particulate organic matter carbon(POM-C)

Effects of methionine supplementation in a reduced protein diet on growth performance, oxidative status, intestinal health, oocyst shedding, and methionine and folate metabolism in broilers under Eimeria challenge

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第05期 1951-1979页

作者： Guanchen Liu Venkata Sesha Reddy Choppa Milan Kumar Sharma Hanseo Ko Janghan Choi Woo Kyun Kim Department of Poultry Science University of Georgia

Background This study investigated effects of different methionine(Met) supplementation levels in a reduced protein diet on growth performance, intestinal health, and different physiological parameters in broilers under Eimeria challenge. A total of 600 fourteen-day-old Cobb500 male broilers were challenged with E. maxima, E. tenella, and E. acervulina, and randomly allocated in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement. Birds received normal protein diets(20% crude protein, NCP) or reduced protein diets(17% crude protein, LCP), containing 2.8, 4.4, 6.0, 7.6, and 9.2 g/kg of *** On 6 and 9 days post inoculation(DPI), increasing Met level linearly improved the growth performance(P < 0.05). Total oocyst shedding linearly increased as Met level increased(P < 0.05). Duodenal villus height(VH):crypt depth(CD) in the LCP groups were higher on 6 DPI(P < 0.01) while lower on 9 DPI(P < 0.05) compared to the NCP groups. Jejunal CD and duodenal VH:CD changed quadratically as Met level increased(P < 0.05). On 6 DPI, liver glutathione(GSH) and glutathione disulfide(GSSG) linearly increased as Met level increased(P < 0.05). On 9 DPI, GSSG quadratically increased, whereas GSH:GSSG quadratically decreased as Met levels increased(P < 0.05). The expression of amino acid transporters linearly decreased as Met level increased(P < 0.05). The expression of zonula occludens 2 and claudin-1 linearly increased on 6 DPI whereas decreased on 9 DPI as Met level increased(P < 0.05). The expressions of cytokines were lower in the LCP groups than the NCP groups(P < 0.05). Interaction effects were found for the expression of IL-10 and TNFα on 6 DPI(P < 0.05), where it only changed quadratically in the NCP group as Met level increased. The expression of Met and folate metabolism genes were lower in the LCP groups than the NCP groups on 9 DPI(P < 0.05). The expression of these genes linearly or quadratically decreased as Met level increased(P < 0.05).Conclusion These results revealed the regulatory role

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research of Development of agricultural Knowledge service in China

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Research of Development of Agricultural Knowledge Service in...

pH-sensitive KHA/CMC-Fe^(3+)@CS hydrogel loading and the drug release properties of riboflavin

第三届国际计算机与计算技术在农业中的应用研讨会

作者： Junfeng Zhang Cuiping Tan Huaiguo Zheng Sufen Sun Feng Yu Institute of agricultural Science and Technology Information Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences

With the global development of knowledge economy,the knowledge requirement of farmers is more personalized and solution-oriented,so there is pressing needs to develop agricultural knowledge *** paper analyzes characteristics of agricultural knowledge service,and summarizes typical cases of agricultural knowledge service development in China.

关键词： agricultural knowledge service solution-oriented personalized service

来源： cnki会议评论

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 13-23页

作者： Jie Song Xi Li Yuhua Niu Lijun Chen Zhiqiang Wei Yidan Li Youqian Wang Shaanxi University of Science&Technology Xi'an710021China

To improve drug utilization,reduce the drug administration frequency,increase the release time,and reduce the drug side effects in the human body,we prepared(KHA/CMC-Fe^(3+))@CS hydrogel spheres using green and natural potassium humate(KHA),carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),and chitosan(CS)as raw materials and Fe3+as a crosslinking agent,and loaded them with riboflavin for drug sustainedrelease study using the drop ball *** tests with FTIR,SEM,TG,and X-ray diffractometer showed that the coordination among KHA,CMC,and Fe^(3+)formed a three-dimensional network structure,where cs was encapsulated on the surface of the hydrogel spheres via noncovalent bonding,resulting in good thermal *** stability,drug loading,swelling,and in vitro release of the(KHA/CMC-Fe^(3+))@CS hydrogel spheres were *** results showed that the hydrogel spheres were significantly pH-sensitive,with 11.16 g/g higher swelling in an alkaline environment(pH=7.4)than that in an acidic environment(pH=1.2).The swelling and drug release process of the hydrogel spheres were analyzed using mathematical models,concluding that the hydrogel swelling follows Schott second-order swelling kinetics,and the drug release mechanism was Fickian delivery mode.

关键词： Potassium humate Hydrogel spheres pH-sensitive Drugsustained-release Drug release model

Calibration,validation,and evaluation of the Water Erosion Prediction Project(WEPP)model for hillslopes with natural runoff plot data

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2023年第4期11卷 669-687页

作者： Shuyuan Wang Ryan P.McGehee Tian Guo Dennis C.Flanagan Bernard A.Engel Department of agricultural&Biological Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA USDA-agricultural research service National Soil Erosion Research LaboratoryWest LafayetteIN47907USA

The Water Erosion Prediction Project(WEPP)model has been widely used for estimating runoff and soil *** evaluation of the latest version(version 2021.133)under a range of environmental conditions can provide confidence to its *** objectives of this study were to evaluate the WEPP model for runoff and soil loss predictions using 1159 plot years of rainfall-runoff events data from field experi-mental plots with various climates,soils,topographies,and *** runoff and soil loss predictions were compared to the observations before and after input parameter *** results showed good predictions of runoff and soil loss were obtained with both the uncalibrated and calibrated WEPP model for all considered scales with Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiencies(NSE)over *** calibration of input baseline effective hydraulic conductivity(k_(e)),baseline critical shear stress(τ_(c)),baseline rill erod-ibility(k_(r)),and baseline interrill erodibility(k_(i))improved WEPP model performance with NSE values of 0.98 and 0.91 for average annual runoff and soil loss predictions,*** WEPP model tended to underestimate the runoff and soil loss for large events with runoff over 100 mm and soil loss over 120t/*** event runoff and soil loss predictions(NSE ≥0.4)were obtained for the most common cropping/management systems considered,including corn,cotton,tilled fallow,and wheat after *** study illustrates the most recent WEPP model's performance for runoff and soil loss predictions,and provides a comprehensive set of results.

关键词： WEPP Runoff Soil loss Calibration Validation

A physically-based integrated numerical model for flow,upland erosion,and contaminant transport in surface-subsurface systems

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第11期52卷 3391-3400页

作者： HE ZhiGuo1 & WU WeiMing2 1 Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China 2 National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering Zhejiang University National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering University of Mississippi

This paper presents a physically-based integrated hydrologic model that can simulate the rain-fall-induced 2D surface water flow, 3D variably saturated subsurface flow, upland soil erosion and transport, and contaminant transport in the surface-subsurface system of a watershed. The model couples surface and subsurface flows based on the assumption of continuity conditions of pressure head and exchange flux at the ground, considering infiltration and evapotranspiration. The upland rill/interrill soil erosion and transport are simulated using a non-equilibrium transport model. Contaminant transport in the integrated surface and subsurface domains is simulated using advection-diffusion equations with mass changes due to sediment sorption and desorption and exchanges between two domains due to infiltration, diffusion, and bed change. The model requires no special treatments at the interface of upland areas and streams and is suitable for wetland areas and agricultural watersheds with shallow streams.

关键词： surface-subsurface system infiltration integrated hydrologic model rainfall-runoff evapotranspiration erosion pollution sorption

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A key‘foxy’aroma gene is regulated by homologyinduced promoter indels in the iconic juice grape‘Concord’

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Horticulture research 2020年第1期7卷 2028-2039页

作者： Yingzhen Yang JoséCuenca Nian Wang Zhenchang Liang Honghe Sun Benjamin Gutierrez Xiaojun Xi Jie Arro YiWang Peige Fan Jason Londo Peter Cousins Shaohua Li Zhangjun Fei Gan-Yuan Zhong US Department of Agriculture-agricultural research service Grape Genetics Research UnitGenevaNYUSA Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology Laboratory of Plant ResourcesInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant research Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA US Department of Agriculture-agricultural research service Plant Genetic Resources UnitGenevaNYUSA Forestry and Pomology research Institute Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina E.&J.Gallo Winery ModestoCAUSA US Department of Agriculture–agricultural research service Robert W.Holley Center for Agriculture and HealthIthacaNYUSA Present address:Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal.Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias MoncadaValenciaSpain Present address:College of Horticulture and Forestry Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina

‘Concord’,the most well-known juice grape with a parentage of the North American grape species Vitis labrusca L.,possesses a special‘foxy’aroma predominantly resulted from the accumulation of methyl anthranilate(MA)in *** aroma,however,is often perceived as an undesirable attribute by wine consumers and rarely noticeable in the common table and wine grape species *** we discovered homology-induced promoter indels as a major genetic mechanism for species-specific regulation of a key‘foxy’aroma gene,anthraniloyl-CoA:methanol acyltransferase(AMAT),that is responsible for MA *** found the absence of a 426-bp and/or a 42-bp sequence in AMAT promoters highly associated with high levels of AMAT expression and MA accumulation in‘Concord’and other ***-derived *** promoter variants,all with direct and inverted repeats,were further confirmed in more than 1,300 Vitis ***,functional impact of these indels was validated in transgenic *** on the promoter regulation,large structural changes including exonic insertion of a retrotransposon were present at the AMAT locus in some *** *** of the AMAT genetic regulation advances our understanding of the‘foxy’aroma trait and makes it genetically trackable and amenable in grapevine breeding.

关键词： insertion aroma grape

Clustering of Pathogen-Response Genes in the Genome of Arabidopsis thaliana

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第10期53卷 824-834页

作者： Olga A.Postnikova Natalia Y.Minakova Alexander M.Boutanaev Lev G.Nemchinov United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServicePlant Sciences InstituteMolecular Plant Pathology Laboratory Institute of Basic Biological Problems Russian Academy of Sciences

Previously, we used heterologous expressed sequence tag （EST） mapping to generate a profile of 4 935 pathogen-response genes of Arabidopsis thaliana. In this work, we performed a computer analysis of this profile, revealing 1594 non-homologous clustered genes distributed among all A. thafiana chromosomes, whose co-regulation may be related to host responses to pathogens. To supplement computer data, we arbitrarily selected two clusters and analyzed their expression levels in A. thaliana ecotypes Col-0 and C24 during infection with the yellow strain of Cucumber mosaic virus CMV（Y）. Ecotype Col-0 is susceptible to CMV（Y）, whereas C24 contains the dominant resistance gene RCY1. Upon infection with CMV（Y）, all clustered genes were significantly activated in the resistant ecotype C24. In addition, we demonstrated that posttranslational histone modifications associated with trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 are most likely involved in regulation of several cluster genes described in this study. Overall, our experiments indicated that pathogen-response genes in the genome of A. thaliana may be clustered and co-regulated.

关键词： CMV H3K27me3 heterologous EST mapping clustering of defense-related genes.

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