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高中英语教材内容教学转化的现实问题与实践进路

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教学与管理 2025年第1期 67-71页

作者：章策文江苏省南京市金陵中学南京210005

教材是静态的呈现和展示,教学是动态的实践和生成,而落实教材内容的教学转化是实施有效教学的前提和保障。在当前教材内容教学转化过程中,存在过度关注单一语篇研读而忽视教材逻辑结构的理解、过度关注话题引领忽视教材育人意涵的体悟... 详细信息

教材是静态的呈现和展示,教学是动态的实践和生成,而落实教材内容的教学转化是实施有效教学的前提和保障。在当前教材内容教学转化过程中,存在过度关注单一语篇研读而忽视教材逻辑结构的理解、过度关注话题引领忽视教材育人意涵的体悟、过度关注语言知识呈现忽视教材文化现象的剖析、过度关注板块教学设计忽视教材学习资源的统整、过度关注教学内容转化忽视教材学习评价的落实等现象。为此,教师在进行教材内容教学转化时要以专家的视角分析教材逻辑、以育人的视角探究主题意义、以共享的视角培养文化意识、以学生的视角整合学习资源、以补偿的视角指引自我评价。

关键词：教学转化教材逻辑教材理解高中英语

Wear and isothermal oxidation kinetics of nitrided TiAl based alloys

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2002年第4期12卷 629-634页

作者：赵斌吴建生孙坚 School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for High Temperature Materials and Tests 上海 200030

Gas nitridation of TiAl based alloys in an ammonia atmosphere was carried out. The evaluation of the surface wear resistance was performed to compare with those of the non nitrided alloys. It is concluded that high temperature nitridation raised wear resistance of TiAl based alloys markedly. The tribological behaviors of the nitrided alloys were also discussed. The oxidation kinetics of the nitrided TiAl based alloys were investigated at 800～1?000?℃ in hot air. It is concluded that nitridation is detrimental to the oxidation resistance of TiAl based alloys under the present conditions. The nitrided alloys exhibit increased oxidizing rate with the prolongation of nitridation time at 800?℃. However, alloys nitrided at 940?℃ for 50?h display a sign of better oxidation resistance than the other nitrided alloys at more severe oxidizing conditions. The parabolic rate law is considered as the basis of the data processing and interpretation of the mass gain vs time data. As a comparison with it, attempts were made to fit the data with the power law. The oxidation kinetic parameter k n, k p and n were measured and the trends were discussed.

关键词：氮化 TiAl基合金等温氧化磨损金属间化合物

Response of wild Avena species to fungal infection of grain

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The Crop Journal 2017年第6期5卷 499-508页

作者： T.Yu.Gagkaeva O.P.Gavrilova A.S.Orina E.V.Blinova I.G.Loskutov All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection (VIZR) St-Petersburg Pushkin 196608 Russia N.I.Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) St-Petersburg 190000 Russia St-Petersburg State University St-Petersburg 199034 Russia

Sixty-six accessions belonging to Avena species(A. atlantica, A. canariensis, A. clauda, ***, A. hirtula, A. longiglumis, A. wiestii, A. agadiriana, A. barbata, A. vaviloviana, ***, A. magna, A. murphyi, ***, A. ludoviciana, A. occidentalis, A. sterilis, A. sativa, and A. byzantina) obtained from the N. I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources(VIR) were tested for the infection of grain by Alternaria and Cladosporium at the genus level and by a group of trichothecene-producing Fusarium fungi. Real-time PCR was performed to quantify fungal abundance and ELISA was performed for mycotoxin analysis in grain. The average amounts of all tested fungi in tetraploid Avena species were higher than those in diploid and hexaploid species. Low amounts of deoxynivalenol(DON) were detected in seven hexaploid genotypes(A. sterilis, A. byzantina, A. sativa, and A. fatua) and one diploid genotype(***). The relationship between some morphological traits(1000-grain weight, percent of husk, trichome density, and plant height) of Avena species and grain infection by fungi and mycotoxins was investigated. Alternaria and Cladosporium fungi could not penetrate the husk. A highly negative correlation of the amounts of their DNA with the proportions of husk in grain as well as with trichome density was found. In contrast, a significant positive correlation between the amount of Fusarium DNA and these traits was found. A strong negative correlation bctween plant height and DNA of the analyzed fungi was found. The oats least infected by Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Fusarium fungi and containing low amounts of DON were accessions of the hexaploids A. byzantina, ***, A. sativa, A. sterilis,and the diploid A. lwiestii.

关键词： Auena species Grain Fungal DNA Mycotoxin

Remaining useful life estimation for deteriorating systems with time-varying operational conditions and condition-specific failure zones

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2016年第3期29卷 662-674页

作者： Li Qi Gao Zhanbao Tang Diyin Li Baoan School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University

Dynamic time-varying operational conditions pose great challenge to the estimation of system remaining useful life （RUL） for the deteriorating systems. This paper presents a method based on probabilistic and stochastic approaches to estimate system RUL for periodically moni- tored degradation processes with dynamic time-varying operational conditions and condition- specific failure zones. The method assumes that the degradation rate is influenced by specific oper- ational condition and moreover, the transition between different operational conditions plays the most important role in affecting the degradation process. These operational conditioqs are assumed to evolve as a discrete-time Markov chain （DTMC）. The failure thresholds are also determined by specific operational conditions and described as different failure zones. The 2008 PHM Conference Challenge Data is utilized to illustrate our method, which contains mass sensory signals related to the degradation process of a commercial turbofan engine. The RUE estimation method using the sensor measurements of a single sensor was first developed, and then multiple vital sensors were selected through a particular optimization procedure in order to increase the prediction accuracy. The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method are presented in a comparison with exist- ing methods for the same dataset.

关键词： Degradation Discrete-time Markov chainOperational conditions Remaining useful life esti-mation Sensor selection

Advanced Strategies for Overcoming Endosomal/Lysosomal Barrier in Nanodrug Delivery

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 315-337页

作者： Chong Qiu Fei Xia Junzhe Zhang Qiaoli Shi Yuqing Meng Chen Wang Huanhuan Pang Liwei Gu Chengchao Xu Qiuyan Guo Jigang Wang Artemisinin Research Center and Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China Department of Nephrology and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for GeriatricsShenzhen People's HospitalThe First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong 518020China

Nanocarriers have therapeutic potential to facilitate drug delivery,including biological agents,smallmolecule drugs,and nucleic ***,their efficiency is limited by several factors;among which,endosomal/lysosomal degradation after endocytosis is the most *** review summarizes advanced strategies for overcoming endosomal/lysosomal barriers to efficient nanodrug delivery based on the perspective of cellular uptake and intracellular transport *** strategies include promoting endosomal/lysosomal escape,using non-endocytic methods of delivery to directly cross the cell membrane to evade endosomes/lysosomes and making a detour pathway to evade endosomes/*** the basis of the findings of this review,we proposed several promising strategies for overcoming endosomal/lysosomal barriers through the smarter and more efficient design of nanodrug delivery systems for future clinical applications.

关键词： somal drugs finding

Glucagon-like peptide-2 modulates the nitrergic neurotransmission in strips from the mouse gastric fundus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第40期23卷 7211-7220页

作者： Rachele Garella Eglantina Idrizaj Chiara Traini Roberta Squecco Maria Giuliana Vannucchi Maria Caterina Baccari Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Section of Physiology University of Florence Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Histology and Embryology Research Unit University of Florence

AIM To investigate whether glucagon-like peptide-2(GLP-2) influences the neurally-induced responses in gastric strips from mice, since no data are available. METHODS For functional experiments, gastric fundal strips were mounted in organ baths containing Krebs-Henseleit solution. Mechanical responses were recorded via forcedisplacement transducers, which were coupled to a polygraph for continuous recording of isometric tension. Electrical field stimulation(EFS) was applied via two platinum wire rings through which the preparationwas threaded. The effects of GLP-2(2 and 20 nmol/L) were evaluated on the neurally-induced contractile and relaxant responses elicited by EFS. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase(n NOS) enzyme was evaluated by *** In the functional experiments, electrical field stimulation(EFS, 4-16 Hz) induced tetrodotoxin(TTX)-sensitive contractile responses, which were reduced in amplitude by GLP-2(P 0.05). The direct smooth muscle response to methacholine was not influenced by GLP-2(P > 0.05). In the presence of guanethidine and carbachol, the addition of GLP-2 to the bath medium evoked TTX-sensitive relaxant responses that were unaffected by L-NNA(P > 0.05). EFS induced a fast NO-mediated relaxation, whose amplitude was enhanced in the presence of the hormone(P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical experiments showed a significant increase(P < 0.05) in n NOS immunoreactivity in the nerve structures after GLP-2 exposure. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that in gastric fundal strips, GLP-2 influences the amplitude of neurally-induced responses through the modulation of the nitrergic neurotransmission and increases n NOS expression.

关键词： Immunohistochemistry Gastric motility Glucagon-like peptide-2 Neuronal nitric oxide synthase Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic neurotransmission

Stabilization versus decomposition in alpine ecosystems of the Northwestern Caucasus:The results of a tea bag burial experiment

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第8期15卷 1633-1641页

作者： Tatiana G.ELUMEEVA Vladimir G.ONIPCHENKO Asem A.AKHMETZHANOVA Mikhail I.MAKAROV Joost A.KEUSKAMP Department of Geobotany Biological FacultyLomonosov Moscow State University119234 Leninskie Gory 1/12MoscowRussia Department of General Soil Science Faculty of Soil ScienceLomonosov Moscow State University119234 Leninskqe Gory 1/12MoscowRussia Ecology 8:Biodiversity Group Utrecht UniversityP.O.Box 80.0563508 TB UtrechtThe Netherlands Netherlands Institute of Ecology(NIOO-KNA W) P.O.Box 596700 AB WageningenThe Netherlands

Mountainous areas exhibit highly variable decomposition rates as a result of strong local differences in climate and vegetation type. This paper describes the effect of these factors on two major determinants of the local carbon cycle: litter decomposition and carbon stabilization. In order to adequately reflect local heterogeneity, we have sampled 12 typical plant communities of the Russian Caucasus. In order to minimize confounding effects and encourage comparative studies, we have adapted the widely used tea bag index(TBI) that is typically used in areas with low decomposition. By incubating standardized tea litter for a year, we investigated whether(1) initial litter decomposition rate(k) is negatively correlated with litter stabilization(S) and(2) whether k or S exhibit correlations with altitude and other environmental conditions. Our results show that S and k are not correlated. Altitude, p H, and water content significantly influenced the stabilization factor S, while soil-freezing had no influence. In contrast, none of these factors predicted the decomposition rate k. Based on our data, we argue that collection of decomposition rates alone, as is now common practice, is not sufficient to understand carbon input to soils and can potentially lead to misleading results. Our data on community-specific decomposition and stabilization rates further constrain estimates of litter accumulation in subalpine communities and the potential effects of climate change.

关键词： Litter decomposition Alpine communities Tea bag index Carbon cycle

Physiological,transcriptome and gene functional analysis provide novel sights into cadmium accumulation and tolerance mechanisms in kenaf

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 500-514页

作者： Shan Cao Meng Wang Jiao Pan Dengjie Luo Samavia Mubeen Caijin Wang Jiao Yue Xia Wu Qijing Wu Hui Zhang Canni Chen Muzammal Rehman Sichen Xie Ru Li Peng Chen Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and BreedingCollege of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources College of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China

Kenaf is considered to have great potential for remediation of heavy metals in ***,studies on molecular mechanisms of root Cd accumulation and tolerance are still *** this study,two differently tolerant kenaf cultivars were selected as materials and the physiological and transcriptomic effects were evaluated under Cd *** study showed that 200μmol/L CdCl_(2) treatment triggered the reactive oxygen species(ROS)explosion and membrane lipid *** with the Cd-sensitive cultivar‘Z',the Cd-tolerant cultivar‘F'was able to resist oxidative stress in cells by producing higher antioxidant enzyme activities and increasing the contents of ascorbic acid(AsA)and glutathione(GSH).The root cell wall of‘F'exhibited higher polysaccharide contents under Cd treatment,providing more Cd-binding *** were 3,439 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)that were co-regulated by Cd treatment in two *** biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were significantly enriched by functional annotation *** associated with pectin,cellulose,and hemi-cellulose metabolism were involved in Cd chelation of root cell wall;V-ATPases,ABCC3 and Narmp3 could participated in vacuolar compartmentalization of Cd;PDR1 was responsible for Cd effux;the organic acid transporters contributed to the absorption of Cd in *** genes might have played key roles in kenaf Cd tolerance and Cd ***,HcZIP2 was identified to be involved in Cd uptake and transport in *** findings provide a deeper understanding of the molecular pathways underlying Cd accumulation and detoxification mechanisms in kenaf.

关键词： Kenaf Cd stress Physiological Transcriptome HcZIP2

Heck Reaction of Iodoarenes with Methyl Acrylate Catalyzed by Cyclopalladated Complexes of Tertiary Arylamines Immobilized in Ionic Liquid [Bmim]^+BF_4^-

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2003年第9期21卷 1111-1113页

作者：郑瑞杨帆邹刚汤杰何鸣元 Center for the Chemistry of Ionic Liquids Department of Chemistry East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China

Heck reaction of iodoarenes with methyl acrylate, catalyzed by cyclopalladated complexes of tertiary arylamines, was investigated in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ( +BF - 4). The products can be isolated conveniently from the ionic liquid-catalyst system. The catalysts could be reused for more than 10 times still with satisfactory catalytic activity.

关键词： cyclopalladated complexes of tertiary arylamines ionic liquid Heck reaction