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Simple method for extracting the seasonal signals of photochemical reflectance index and normalized difference vegetation index measured using a spectral reflectance sensor

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第7期20卷 1969-1986页

作者： Jae-Hyun RYU Dohyeok OH Jaeil CHO Department of Applied Plant Science Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea

A spectral reflectance sensor(SRS)fixed on the near-surface ground was developed to support the continuous monitoring of vegetation indices such as the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)and photochemical reflectance index(PRI).NDVI is useful for indicating crop growth/phenology,whereas PRI was developed for observing physiological ***,the seasonal change patterns of NDVI and PRI are two valuable pieces of information in a crop-monitoring ***,capturing the seasonal patterns is considered challenging because the vegetation index values estimated by the reflection from vegetation are often governed by meteorological conditions,such as solar irradiance and ***,unlike growth/phenology,the physiological condition has diurnal changes as well as seasonal *** study proposed a novel filtering method for extracting the seasonal signals of SRS-based NDVI and PRI in paddy rice,barley,and ***,the measurement accuracy of SRSs was compared with handheld spectrometers,and the R^(2)values between the two devices were 0.96 and 0.81 for NDVI and PRI,***,the experimental study of threshold criteria with respect to meteorological variables(i.e.,insolation,cloudiness,sunshine duration,and precipitation)was conducted,and sunshine duration was the most useful one for excluding distorted values of the vegetation *** data processing based on sunshine duration,the R^(2)values between the measured vegetation indices and the extracted seasonal signals of vegetation indices increased by approximately 0.002–0.004(NDVI)and 0.065–0.298(PRI)on the three crops,and the seasonal signals of vegetation indices became noticeably *** method will contribute to an agricultural monitoring system by identifying the seasonal changes in crop growth and physiological conditions.

关键词： photochemical reflectance index normalized difference vegetation index vegetation remote sensing spectral reflectance sensor

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Importance of dietary supplementation of soluble and insoluble fibers to sows subjected to high ambient temperatures during late gestation and effects on lactation performance

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 73-83页

作者： Seung Min Oh Abdolreza Hosseindoust Sang Hun Ha Jun Young Mun Joseph Moturi Habeeb Tajudeen Yo Han Choi Su Hyup Lee Jin Soo Kim Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute Yeongju 63052Republic of Korea Department of Animal Industry Convergence Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon 24341Republic of Korea Swine Division National Institute of Animal ScienceRural Development AdministrationCheonan 31000Republic of Korea Department of Swine Science Korea National University of Agriculture and FisheriesJeonju 54874Republic of Korea

Heat stress adversely affects sows'performance,which can be improved by applying proper nutritional *** study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of dietary fiber levels and sources on sows'reproductive performance,metabolic response during gestation,and the carry-over influence on litter performance in the lactation period during heat stress(average room temperature of 27.1°C).Fifty-four multiparous sows(Landrace×Yorkshire;initial body weight of 236.3±16 kg;2,3and 4 parities)at d 90 of gestation were assigned to a 2×3 factorial arrangement(9 sows/treatment),involving 2 dietary fiber levels(4.5%and 6%crude fiber)and 3 dietary fiber sources(wheat bran[WB],palm kernel meal[PK],and beet pulp[BP]).Sows fed the BP diet had highest(P<0.01)feed intake and constipation index and lowest(P<0.01)farrowing *** weight(P=0.041)and litter weight(P<0.01)at weaning were higher in sows in the BP treatment compared to PK *** in the BP treatment showed the greatest(P<0.01)digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent *** fecal concentration of acetate was the lowest(P<0.01)in the PK *** short-chain fatty acid production was increased in the WB and BP treatments compared with the *** in the BP treatment showed the lowest(P=0.036)hair *** blood insulin concentration of sows was higher(P=0.026)in the high fiber(6%)treatment compared with the low fiber(4.5%)treatment at 90 min and120 min after the *** concentration of phthalic acid,succinic acid,phenylethylamine,hydrocinnamic acid,iron,linoleic acid,glycerol,ketone,and formamide were increased(P<0.05)in the BP treatment compared with the *** BP treatment with high soluble fiber content improved the constipation index,farrowing duration,and litter performance,while high insoluble fibers increased sows comfort and reduced stress factors including respiratory rate and rectal ***,both soluble and insoluble sources of fiber are ne

关键词： Soluble fiber Insoluble fiber Beet pulp Wheat bran Palm kernel Metabolites

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Retracing Realistic Disaster Scenarios from Archival Sources:A Key Tool for Disaster Risk Reduction

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第5期12卷 635-648页

作者： Bashir Ahmad Akhtar Alam M.Sultan Bhat Khurshid Ahmad Bhat Jeelani Inaam ul Haq Hakim Farooq Ahmad Junaid Qadir Department of Geology Nawakadal SchoolSrinagar 190002India Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction University College LondonWCIE 6BTUK Department of Geography and Regional development University of KashmirSrinagar 190006India Department of Statistics Chanapora SchoolSrinagar 190015India Department of Geology Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh 202002India

Disaster scenarios are constructed by integrating natural hazard phenomena and social science sources of *** profiled 51 natural hazard events of nineteenth century Kashmir that provide insights into the impacts of varying degree of severity that spread through the socioeconomic and political systems,influenced adaptation,and increased the consequences of the resulting *** root cause of these disasters was embedded in the social,natural,and political economic systems of their time,where vulnerabilities overlapped and interacted periodically with successive colonial regimes and acted as tipping *** combined effect of successive colonial regimes,inept administration,rigid political economy,and natural hazards made the situation go from bad to worse and reduced Kashmir to the depths of distress and *** the arc of the nineteenth century,a series of disasters led the Kashmiri population to learn how to live with disasters and minimize risk,bringing about the evolution of social and environmental *** the natural hazard vulnerability of the Kashmir Valley through archival narratives can help in scenario building to translate findings into formats that reduce related risk now as it did *** resulting information can be useful for regional design,planning,and policy responses to promote disaster risk reduction.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction Historical disasters Kashmir Nineteenth-century disasters Socioeconomic vulnerability

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Surfactant 4-nonylphenyl-polyethylene glycol stimulates reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第3期29卷 262-268页

作者： Tanana Zerin Hoyeon Song Hyowook Gil Saeyong Hong Department of Microbiology College of MedicineSoonchunhyang UniversitySouth Korea. Pesticide Poisoning Center Soonchunhyang University Cheonan HospitalSouth Korea

The formulation of most pesticides is proprietary and individual components are therefore not generally known. In a preliminary study, we identified six compounds that are often present in pesticides, of which 4-nonylphenyl-polyethylene glycol （NP-40） was found to be the most toxic. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of NP-40 and underlying mechanism in neuronal SK-N-SH cells. Exposure to NP 40 at concentrations higher than 60 μmol/L for 24 hr decreased cell viability. The cytotoxicity of NP-40 was time- and concentration-dependent. Nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation were apparent starting at 50 μmol/L NP-40, and increased at higher concentrations. The expression of apoptotic factors including p53 and B-cell lymphoma （Bcl）-2-associated X protein was upregulated, while that of the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2 was downregulated at 80 μmol/L NP-40. Cytochrome c release was observed from 80 to 100 μmol/L by confocal microscopy. Caspase-9 and -3/7 activities increased according to concentration, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed that apoptosis was induced at 50 μmol/L and was increased at 80 μmol/L. Our findings indicate that NP-40 stimulates the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway and reactive oxygen species production in a concentration-dependent manner, and suggest that antioxidant administration may be an effective treatment for patients with acute NP-40 poisoning.

关键词： ApoptosisCytochrome cCaspase-3/7 Caspase-9 Nonionic surfactantOxidative stress

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The dynamics of the piglet gut microbiome during the weaning transition in association with health and nutrition

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 971-979页

作者： Robin B.Guevarra Sang Hyun Hong Jin Ho Cho Bo-Ra Kim Jiwon Shin Jun Hyung Lee Bit Na Kang Young Hwa Kim Suphot Wattanaphansak Richard E.Isaacson Minho Song Hyeun Bum Kim Department of Animal Resources Science Dankook UniversityCheonanSouth Korea Division of Food and Animal Sciences Chungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea Abbvie Bioresearch Center AbbvieWorcesterMAUSA National Institute of Animal Science Rural Development AdministrationWanjuSouth Korea Department of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityPathum WanBangkok 10330Thailand Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA Division of Animal and Dairy Science Chungnam National UniversityDaejeonSouth Korea

Background: Understanding the composition of the microbial community and its functional capacity during weaning is important for pig production as bacteria play important roles in the pig’s health and growth performance. However,limited information is available regarding the composition and function of the gut microbiome of piglets in ***, we performed 16 S rRNA gene and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing of DNA from fecal samples from healthy piglets during weaning to measure microbiome shifts, and to identify the potential contribution of the early-life microbiota in shaping piglet health with a focus on microbial stress responses, carbohydrate and amino acid ***: The analysis of 16 S rR NA genes and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing revealed significant compositional and functional differences between the fecal microbiome in nursing and weaned piglets. The fecal microbiome of the nursing piglets showed higher relative abundance of bacteria in the genus Bacteroides with abundant gene families related to the utilization of lactose and galactose. Prevotel a and Lactobacil us were enriched in weaned piglets with an enrichment for the gene families associated with carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. In addition, an analysis of the functional capacity of the fecal microbiome showed higher abundances of genes associated with heat shock and oxidative stress in the metagenome of weaned piglets compared to nursing ***: Overal, our data show that microbial shifts and changes in functional capacities of the piglet fecal microbiome resulted in potential reductions in the effects of stress, including dietary changes that occur during *** results provide us with new insights into the piglet gut microbiome that contributes to the growth of the animal.

关键词： Metagenomics Microbiome Piglets 16S rRNA Weaning

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Piglet gut microbial shifts early in life:causes and effects

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第3期10卷 519-528页

作者： Robin B.Guevarra Jun Hyung Lee Sun Hee Lee Min-Jae Seok Doo Wan Kim Bit Na Kang Timothy J.Johnson Richard E.Isaacson Hyeun Bum Kim Department of Animal Resources Science Dankook UniversityCheonan 31116South Korea National Institute of Animal Science Rural Development AdministrationCheonan 55365South Korea Abbvie Bioresearch Center AbbvieWorcesterMA 01605USA Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA

The gut microbiome has long been known to play fundamentally important roles in the animal health and the well-being of its host. As such, the establishment and maintenance of a beneficial gut microbiota early in life is crucial in pigs, since early gut colonizers are pivotal in the establishment of permanent microbial community structures affecting the health and growth performance of pigs later in life. Emphasizing this importance of early gut colonizers, it is critical to understand the factors impacting the establishment of the piglet gut microbiome at weaning. Factors include, among others, diet, in-feed antibiotics, probiotics and prebiotic administration. The impact of these factors on establishment of the gut microbiome of piglets at weaning includes effects on piglet gut microbial diversity, structure, and succession. In this review, we thoroughly reviewed the most recent findings on the piglet gut microbiome shifts as influenced by weaning, and how these microbiome changes brought about by various factors that have been shown to affect the development of microbiota in piglets. This review will provide a general overview of recent studies that can help to facilitate the design of new strategies to modulate the gut microbiome in order to enhance gastrointestinal health, growth performance and well-being of piglets.

关键词： Microbial diversity Next generation sequencing 16S rRNA Swine microbiota Weaning

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Coordination polymers： Challenges and future scenarios for capture and degradation of volatile organic compounds

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Nano Research 2016年第11期9卷 3181-3208页

作者： Kowsalya Vellingiri Pawan Kumar Ki-Hyun Kim Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hanyang uniVersity 222 Wangsimni-RoSeoul 04763Republic of Rorea Department of Nano Sciences and Materials Central University of Jammu Jammu 181143 India

Over the past few decades, coordination polymers/metal organic frameworks （CPs/MOFs） have drawn a great deal of attention for diverse applications due to their advantages of intrinsically ttLnable chemical structure, flexible architecture, high pore volume, high surface area, multifunctional properties, etc. To date, numerous CPs/MOFs have been developed and employed for the treatment and control of gaseous pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds （VOCs）, through capture, sorptive removal, and catalytic degradation. Nevertheless, there are also some key drawbacks and challenges for the practical application of these systems （e.g., poor selectivity, high energy （and fiscal） cost, high synthesis cost, low capacity, and difficulties in regeneration and recycling）. In this review, recent developments in CPs/MOFs research are described with their associated mechanisms for capture, sorptive removal, and catalytic degradation of VOCs. To this end, we discuss the key variables and challenges for afforded abatement of VOCs through CPs/MOFs technologies. Hopefully, this review will help the scientific community set future directions for the advancement of CPs/MOFs techniques for the effective management of diverse environmental issues.

关键词： coordination polymers/metal organic frameworks(CPs/MOFs) volatile organic compounds sorptive removalcatalytic degradation

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Metabolomic and transcriptomic study to understand changes in metabolic and immune responses in steers under heat stress

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 87-101页

作者： Jun Sik Eom Da Som Park Sang Jin Lee Bon-Hee Gu Shin Ja Lee Sang-Suk Lee Seon-Ho Kim Byeong-Woo Kim Sung Sill Lee Myunghoo Kim Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju52828Republic of Korea Department of Animal Science College of Natural Resources&Life SciencePusan National UniversityMiryang50463Republic of Korea Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute Pusan National UniversityMiryang50463Republic of Korea University-Centered Labs Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju52828Republic of Korea Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory Department of Animal Science and TechnologySunchon National UniversitySuncheon57922Republic of Korea Division of Applied Life Science(BK21) Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju52828Republic of Korea

Heat stress(HS)damages livestock by adversely affecting physiological and immunological ***,fundamental understanding of the metabolic and immunological mechanisms in animals under HS remains elusive,particularly in *** understand the changes on metabolic and immune responses in steers under HS condition,we performed RNA-sequencing and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolomics on HS-free(temperature humidity index[THI]value:64.92±0.56)and HS-exposed(THI value:79.13±0.56)Jersey steer(n=8,body weight:559.67±32.72 kg).This study clarifies the metabolic changes in 3 biofluids(rumen fluid,serum,and urine)and the immune responses observed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HS-exposed *** integrated approach allowed the discovery of HS-sensitive metabolic and immunological *** metabolomic analysis indicated that HS-exposed steers showed potential HS biomarkers such as isocitrate,formate,creatine,and riboflavin(P<0.05).Among them,there were several integrative metabolic pathways between rumen fluid and ***,HS altered mRNA expression and immune-related signaling pathways.A meta-analysis revealed that HS decreased riboflavin metabolism and the expression of glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism-related ***,metabolic pathways,such as the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathway,were downregulated in immune cells by HS(P<0.05).These findings,along with the datasets of pathways and phenotypic differences as potential biomarkers in steers,can support more in-depth research to elucidate the interrelated metabolic and immunological *** would help suggest new strategies to ameliorate the effects of HS,including disease susceptibility and metabolic disorders,in Jersey steers.

关键词： Heat stress Jersey steer Metabolome Transcriptome Immunity Metabolism

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Interactions between Transmembrane Helices within Monomers of the Aquaporin AtPIP2;1 Play a Crucial Role in Tetramer Formation

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Molecular Plant 2016年第7期9卷 1004-1017页

作者： Yun-Joo Yoo Hyun Kyung Lee Wonhee Han Dae Heon Kim Myoung Hui Lee Jouhyun Jeon Dong Wook Lee Junho Lee Yongjik Lee Juhun Lee Jin Seok Kim Yunje Cho Jin-Kwan Han Inhwan Hwang School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 790-784 Korea Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 790-784 Korea Department of Biology Sunchon National University Sunchon 57922 Korea Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 790-784 Korea

Aquaporin （AQP） is a water channel protein found in various subcellular membranes of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The physiological functions of AQPs have been elucidated in many organisms. However, understanding their biogenesis remains elusive, particularly regarding how they assemble into tetramers. Here, we investigated the amino acid residues involved in the tetramer formation of the Arabidopsis plasma membrane AQP AtPIP2;1 using extensive amino acid substitution mutagenesis. The mutant proteins V41A/ E44A, F51A/L52A, F87A/191A, F92A/193A, V95A/Y96A, and H216A/L217A, harboring alanine substitutions in the transmembrane （TM） helices of AtPIP2;1 polymerized into multiple oligomeric complexes with a vari- able number of subunits greater than four. Moreover, these mutant proteins failed to traffic to the plasma membrane, instead of accumulating in the endoplasmic reticulum （ER）. Structure-based modeling revealed that these residues are largely involved in interactions between TM helices within monomers. These results suggest that inter-TM interactions occurring both within and between monomers play crucial roles in tetramer formation in the AtPIP2;1 complex. Moreover, the assembly of AtPIP2;1 tetramers is critical for their trafficking from the ER to the plasma membrane, as well as water permeability.

关键词： aquaporin AtPIP2 tetramer formation interaction between transmembrane helices

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Effects of drought stress on root morphology and spatial distribution of soybean and adzuki bean

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第10期20卷 2639-2651页

作者： Hyen Chung CHUN Sanghun LEE Young Dae CHOI Dong Hyeok GONG Ki Youl JUNG Crop Production Technology Research Division National Institute of Crop ScienceMiryang-si 50424Republic of Korea

Due to global climate change,Korea is facing severe droughts that affect the planting and early vegetative periods of upland *** and adzuki bean are important legume crops in Korea,so it is critical to understand their adaptations to water *** study investigated the changes in root morphological properties in soybean and adzuki bean and quantified the findings using fractal *** experiment was performed at the National Institute of Crop Science in Miryang,*** and adzuki beans were planted in test boxes and grown for 30 *** boxes were filled with bed soil with various soil moisture *** images were obtained and scanned every two days,and the root properties were characterized by root length,depth and surface area,number of roots,and fractal parameters(fractal dimension and lacunarity).Root depth,length and surface area and the number of roots increased in both crops as the soil moisture content *** fractal dimension and lacunarity values increased as the soil moisture content *** results indicated that the greater the soil moisture,the more heterogeneous the root *** analysis of the morphological properties and fractal parameters indicated that soybean and adzuki bean had different root structure *** soybean and adzuki bean were sensitive to the amount of soil moisture in the early vegetative *** required a soil moisture content greater than 70%of the field capacity to develop a full root structure,while adzuki bean required 100%of the field *** results would be useful in understanding the responses of soybean and adzuki bean to water stress and managing irrigation during cultivation.

关键词： soybean adzuki bean root morphology fractal dimension soil water content

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