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Mulberry leaf supplementation inhibits skatole deposition by regulating gut microbiota and upregulating liver cytochrome P4501A1 expression in finishing pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 34-44页

作者： Yuqing Sun Xiaoming Men Tianbao Lin Bo Deng Shi Zhong Jinxi Huo Kaipeng Qin Zhiqiang Lv Ziwei Xu Yougui Li Institute of Sericulture and Tea Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences298 Deshengzhong RoadShangchengHangzhou 310021China Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences298 Deshengzhong RoadShangchengHangzhou 310021China

Skatole,a strong fecal odor substance,is generated through microbial degradation of tryptophan in the animal *** easily accumulates in adipose tissue and affects meat *** this study,the effect of mulberry leaf supplementation on skatole in finishing pigs was *** a 35-day trial,20 finishing pigs(barrows and gilts)were fed with a basal diet or basal diet with 6%mulberry *** performance of the pigs(n=10)was automatically recorded by a performance-testing feeder system and 8 pigs in each treatment were slaughtered and sampled for the remaining *** and short-chain fatty acids were detected using HPLC and gas chromatography,*** microbiota were analyzed using 16S r RNA gene *** metabolomics analysis of feces and serum was performed with UHPLC-MS/*** major cytochrome P450(CYP)enzymes that catalyze skatole degradation in the liver were tested by using RT-PCR and Western *** of major bioactive compounds in mulberry leaves on the CYP genes were verified in the hepatic cell line Hep G2 in an in vitro test(n=3).In finishing pigs,mulberry leaf supplementation had no significant effect on the average daily gain,average daily feed intake,and feed conversion ratio(P>0.05),but reduced skatole levels in feces,serum,and backfat(P<0.05),and increased acetic acid levels in feces(P=0.027).Mulberry leaf supplementation decreased the relative abundance of the skatole-producing bacteria Megasphaera and Olsenella(P<0.05).Indole-3acetic acid,the intermediate that is essential for skatole production,was significantly reduced in feces by mulberry leaf supplementation(P<0.05)and was positively correlated with skatole content in feces(P=0.004).In pigs treated with mulberry leaves,liver CYP1A1 expression was increased(P<0.05)and was negatively correlated with skatole content in backfat(P=0.045).The in vitro test demonstrated that mulberry leaf polyphenols and polysaccharides could directly stimulate CYP1A1 expression in

关键词： Pig Skatole Mulberry leaf Microbiota Cytochrome P450

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A new era of mutation rate analyses: Concepts and methods

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Zoological Research 2024年第4期45卷 767-780页

作者： Kun Wu Danqi Qin Yang Qian Haoxuan Liu Center for Evolutionary&Organismal Biology and the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of zhejiang University Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310058China

The mutation rate is a pivotal biological characteristic,intricately governed by natural selection and historically garnering considerable *** advances in high-throughput sequencing and analytical methodologies have profoundly transformed our understanding in this domain,ushering in an unprecedented era of mutation rate *** paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the key concepts and methodologies frequently employed in the study of mutation *** examines various types of mutations,explores the evolutionary dynamics and associated theories,and synthesizes both classical and contemporary ***,this review comprehensively explores recent advances in understanding germline and somatic mutations in animals and offers an overview of experimental methodologies,mutational patterns,molecular mechanisms,and driving forces influencing variations in mutation rates across species and ***,it proposes several potential research directions and pressing questions for future investigations.

关键词： Mutation rate Somatic mutations Germline mutations Animal

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Preparation and properties of poly(ethylene glycol)-bpoly( 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid) glucose responsive particles and their hyaluronic acid-based microneedle patches

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Journal of zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第5期25卷 395-410页

作者： Yichuan HONG Haojie YU Li WANG Xiang CHEN Di SHEN Yu WANG Shuning REN Yudi HUANG Jian YANG State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China zhejiang-Russia Joint Laboratory of Photo-Electro-Magnetic Functional Materials College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

To overcome the pain and risk of hypoglycemia in insulin administration,glucose-responsive microneedles have been developed by researchers,which could release insulin according to the blood glucose *** designed a kind of particles by a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT)method containing a phenylboronic acid group as the sensor of glucose and carrier of ***(ethylene glycol)(PEG)-2-(dodecylthio(thiocarbonyl)thio)-2-methylpropionic acid(DDMAT)was synthesized as a macromolecular RAFT agent,which was then reacted with 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid(AAPBA)to synthesize the block copolymer ***-responsive particles loaded with insulin were prepared by self-assembly based on hydrophilic-hydrophobic *** patches loaded with glucose-responsive particles were prepared using hyaluronic acid as the *** insulin release behavior of the particles in glucose solutions of 0,100,and 400 mg/dL showed significant glucose responsiveness and good *** results of blood glucose control experiments in rats indicate that a single microneedle patch can effectively maintain normal blood glucose for over 7 h.

关键词： Diabetes Hyaluronic acid Phenylboronic acid(PBA) Glucose responsive hydrogel Microneedles

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Accelerating solar driven CO_(2) reduction via sulfur-doping boosted water dissociation and proton transfer

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1056-1065页

作者： Ke Yan Liang Chen Yangguang Hu Ting Wang Cong Chen Chao Gao Youju Huang Benxia Li School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Surface&Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018China College of Material Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringKey Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material TechnologyMinistry of EducationHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121China School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Exploring efficient photocatalysts for solar driven CO_(2) reduction with water(H_(2)O)as a proton donor is highly imperative but remains a great challenge because the synchronous enhancement of CO_(2) activation,H_(2)O dissociation and proton transfer is hardly achieved on a ***,the sluggish H_(2)O dissociation impedes the photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction involving multiple proton–electron coupling transfer ***,a sulfur-doped BiOCl(S-BiOCl)photocatalyst with abundant oxygen vacancies(OV)is developed,which exhibits broadband-light harvesting across solar spectrum and distinct photothermal effect due to *** photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction with H_(2)O in a gas–solid system,the high CO yield of 49.76μmol·g_(cat)^(-1)·h^(-1) with 100%selectivity is achieved over the S-BiOCl catalyst under a simulated *** H_(2)O-assisted CO_(2) reduction reaction on S-BiOCl catalyst is triggered by photocatalysis and the photothermal heating further enhances the reaction *** kinetic isotope experiments indicate that the sluggish H_(2)O dissociation affects the whole photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction *** presence of oxygen vacancies promotes the adsorption and activation of H_(2)O and CO_(2),and the doped S sites play a crucial role in boosting H_(2)O dissociation and accelerating the dynamic migration of hydrogen *** a result,the ingenious integration of OV defects,S sites and photothermal effect in S-BiOCl catalyst conjointly contributes to the significant improvement in photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction performance.

关键词： BiOCl sulfur doping photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction H_(2)O activation proton feeding

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Diagnosis and treatment of biliary mucinous cystic neoplasms: A single-center experience

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第5期23卷 495-501页

作者： Jun-Jun Jia Ya-Fen Cheng Mei-Bao Feng Li Liu Ming-Qi Shuai Xiao-Dong Shen Xiao-Feng Tang Shu-Sen Zheng Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department of Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310003China Department of International Healthcare Center the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310003China Department of Pathology the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310003China Department of Library the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310003China

Background: Biliary mucinous cystic neoplasms(BMCNs) are rare hepatobiliary cystic tumors, which can be divided into noninvasive and invasive types. This study aimed to investigate the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of BMCNs in a large single center. Methods: We analyzed 49 patients with BMCNs confirmed by postoperative pathology at the First Afflliated Hospital, zhejiang University School of Medicine between January 2007 and December 2021. Results: Among the 49 patients, 37 were female(75.5%), and the average age was 57.04 years. Common symptoms included abdominal discomfort, jaundice and fever, while 22 patients(44.9%) had no symptoms. Serum carbohydrate antigen(CA) 19-9 and CA125 concentrations were elevated in 34.8% and 19.6% of patients, respectively. Forty-eight patients had tumors in the intrahepatic bile ducts and only one had a tumor in the extrahepatic bile duct. Forty-eight patients with noninvasive intrahepatic BMCNs were further analyzed in terms of pathological features: 34(70.8%) had low-grade intraepithelial neoplasms(LGINs), and 14(29.2%) had high-grade intraepithelial neoplasms(HGINs). The potential immunohistochemical markers of BMCNs were cytokeratin(CK) 19, CK7, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. Follow-up data for 37 patients with intrahepatic BMCNs were obtained. The median overall survival(OS) of BMCNs was not reached. The longest survival time was 137 *** 5-and 10-year OS rates were 100% and 85.4%, respectively. The 5-and 10-year recurrence-free survival(RFS) rates were 93.9% and 80.2%, respectively. Conclusions: BMCNs are rare cystic neoplasms that commonly occur in middle-aged females. BMCNs can only be diagnosed and classified by postoperative pathology, as there are no specific clinical presentations, serological indicators or imaging modalities for preoperative diagnosis. Complete surgical resection is necessary for BMCNs, and the postoperative prognosis is favorable.

关键词： Biliary mucinous cystic neoplasms Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasms High-grade intraepithelial neoplasms Overall survival Recurrence-free survival

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Severe pediatric COVID‑19:a review from the clinical and immunopathophysiological perspectives

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 307-324页

作者： Yi‑Kan Sun Can Wang Pei‑Quan Lin Lei Hu Jing Ye Zhi‑Gang Gao Ru Lin Hao‑Min Li Qiang Shu Li‑Su Huang Lin‑Hua Tan Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310030China Surgical Intensive Care Unit Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Department of General Surgery Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Department of Cardiopulmonary and Extracorporeal Life Support Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Clinical Data Center Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Department of Cardiac Surgery Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China National Clinical Research Center for Child Health Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Department of Infectious Diseases Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China

Background Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)tends to have mild presentations in ***,severe and critical cases do arise in the pediatric population with debilitating systemic impacts and can be fatal at times,meriting further attention from ***,the intricate interactions between the pathogen virulence factors and host defense mechanisms are believed to play indispensable roles in severe COVID-19 pathophysiology but remain incompletely *** sources A comprehensive literature review was conducted for pertinent publications by reviewers independently using the PubMed,Embase,and Wanfang *** keywords included“COVID-19 in children”,“severe pediatric COVID-19”,and“critical illness in children with COVID-19”.Results Risks of developing severe COVID-19 in children escalate with increasing numbers of co-morbidities and an unvaccinated *** respiratory distress stress and necrotizing pneumonia are prominent pulmonary manifestations,while various forms of cardiovascular and neurological involvement may also be *** immunological processes are implicated in the host response to COVID-19 including the type I interferon and inflammasome pathways,whose dysregulation in severe and critical diseases translates into adverse clinical *** inflammatory syndrome in children(MIS-C),a potentially life-threatening immune-mediated condition chronologically associated with COVID-19 exposure,denotes another scientific and clinical conundrum that exemplifies the complexity of pediatric *** the considerable dissimilarities between the pediatric and adult immune systems,clinical trials dedicated to children are lacking and current management recommendations are largely adapted from adult *** Severe pediatric COVID-19 can affect multiple organ *** dysregulated immune pathways in severe COVID-19 shape the disease course,epitomize the vast functional diversity of the

关键词： Immunopathophysiology MIS-C Pediatric critical care Severe pediatric COVID-19

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pH-controlled reversible sol-gel inversion by cerous phosphate nanofibers for hemostasis

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Rare Metals 2024年第10期43卷 5141-5151页

作者： Tuo Su Jun-Chen Xu Wei Yu Dan Su Di-Er Shi Yi-Chao Pang Yao Ying Wang-Chang Li Juan Li Jing-Wu Zheng Liang Qiao Sheng-Lei Che Jing Yu Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang University Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of zhejiang Province Department of Clinical MedicineHangzhou Medical College Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Clinical Medical College Yangzhou University

Developing biomimetic soft materials that display stimuli responsiveness using solely inorganic materials has been regarded as a challenge owing to that such materials?properties typically vary from those of living ***,biomimetic soft materials have been developed using organic materials or inorganic materials modified with organic small *** this study,we prepared cerium phosphate nanofibers （CePO4NFs） by using inorganic agents only without further *** CePO4NFs demonstrate sol-ge switching properties in response to pH value,allowing them to form a gel under high hydroxide ion （OH-） concentrations and turn back into sol under low *** formation of gel could be ascribed to the physical cross-linking of the nanofibers induced by the attractive electrostatic force of OH-and surface Ce3+.As a result,CePO4NFs are able to form a gel when in contac with blood of high pH value for *** specific clotting mechanism makes them better candidates for hemostasis of heavy bleeding.

关键词： Cerium phosphate nanofibers Hemostasis pH-responsive Reversible Sol-gel switching

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Highly ordered crystallization of α-FAPbl_(3) films via homogeneous seeds for efficient perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 625-634页

作者： Guohui Luo Linfeng Zhang Liyun Guo Xiuhong Geng Penghui Ren Yi Zhang Haihua Hu Xiaoping Wu Lingbo Xu Ping Lin Haiyan He Xuegong Yu Peng Wang Can Cui Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of zhejiang Province Department of PhysicsZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018ZhejiangChina zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018ZhejiangChina Hangzhou City University Hangzhou 310015ZhejiangChina Key Laboratory of Solar Energy Utilization and Energy Saving Technology of zhejiang Province Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co.Ltd.Hangzhou 310012ZhejiangChina State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027ZhejiangChina

Formamidine lead triiodide(FAPbI_(3))perovskites have become the most promising photovoltaic materials for perovskite solar cells with record power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,random nucleation,phase transition,and lattice defects are still the key challenges limiting the quality of FAPbI_(3) *** studies show that the introduction or adding of seeds in the precursor is effective to promote the nucleation and crystallization of perovskite ***,the seed-assisted approach focuses on heterogeneous seeds or hetero-composites,which inevitably induce a lattice-mismatch,the genera-tion of strain or defects,and the phase segregation in the perovskite ***,we first demonstrate that high-quality perovskite films are controllably prepared using α-and δ-phases mixed FAPbI_(3) micro-crystal as the homogeneous seeds with the one-step antisolvent *** partially dissolved seeds with suitable sizes improve the crystallinity of the perovskite flm with preferable orientation,improved carrier lifetime,and increased carrier *** importantly,the α-phase-containing seeds promote the formation of α-phase FAPbI_(3) films,leading to the reduction of residual lattice strain and the suppres-sion of I-ion ***,the adding of dimethyl 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylate(DPD)into the pre-cursor further suppresses the generation of defects,contributing to the PCE of devices prepared in air ambient being significantly improved to 23.75%,among the highest PCEs for fully air-processed FAPbI_(3) solar *** unpackaged target devices possess a high stability,maintaining 80%of the initial PCE under simulated solar illumination exceeding 800 h.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells FAPbI_(3) Homogeneous seeds Strain Phase stability

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Integrated multi-omics reveals the relationship between growth performance,rumen microbes and metabolic status of Hu sheep with different residual feed intakes

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 284-295页

作者： Yanzhen Zhang Xiaowei Zhang Dingren Cao Jinyong Yang Huiling Mao Lingling Sun Chong Wang College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary MedicineZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of zhejiang Province Hangzhou 311300China zhejiang Provincial Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion and Monitoring Station of Breeding Livestock and Poultry Hangzhou 310021China Department of Animal Science Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary CollegeWeifang 261061China

Residual feed intake(RFI)is a metric that provides a more accurate measure of feed *** lower the RFI,the higher the feed *** changes in the host microbiome and metabolome contribute to the greater feed efficiency of low RFI(LRFI)*** aim of this study was to explore the differences in rumen microorganisms,rumen metabolites and plasma metabolites of Hu sheep with differing RFI through the microbiome and metabolome.A total of 80 Hu sheep were *** experiment consisted of a 15-d pretrial period and a 128-d experimental *** RFI in the experimental period was calculated for all sheep,and the sheep were screened into high RFI(HRFI,n=8)and LRFI(n=8)*** HRFI and LRFI sheep did not differ in their initial and final body weights,average daily gain and body measurements,but the dry matter intake of LRFI sheep was significantly decreased(28.4%,P<0.001).The sheep with LRFI had higher digestibility of crude protein(P=0.010)and ether extract(P=0.010)compared to HRFI *** concentrations of acetate(P=0.036),propionate(P=0.010),valerate(P=0.027)and total volatile fatty acids(P=0.048)in rumen of LRFI group were higher compared to HRFI *** results of 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that the sheep with LRFI had higher proportions of Prevotella genus in rumen liquid(P=0.031).The rumen metabolome and plasma metabolome results showed that the citrate cycle,pyruvate metabolism and alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism processes were more active for sheep in LRFI group,which provided more energy substrate such as malic acid,oxoglutaric acid and citric *** conclusion,sheep with LRFI can utilize feed more efficiently,and the more active energy metabolism pathway and the production of energy substances may account for the higher feed efficiency.

关键词： Feed efficiency Residual feed intake Rumen microbiome and metabolome Plasma metabolome

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Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Undular Tidal Bores in the Qiantang River Based on Field Observations

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第3期38卷 505-518页

作者： ZHANG Shu-yu PAN Cun-hong ZHANG Shen-yang LI Ruo-hua CHENG Wenlong XIE Dong-feng zhejiang Tongji Vocational College of Science and Technology Hangzhou 311231China zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary Hangzhou 310020China

Understanding the undular tidal bores in the Qiantang River is essential for effective river management and *** breaking tidal bores have been studied extensively, reports on undular tidal bores in the Qiantang Riverremain limited. Furthermore, observed data on undular tidal bores fulfilling the requirements of short measurementtime intervals, and spring, medium, and neap tide coverage, and providing detailed data for the global vertical stratificationof flow velocity are quite limited. Based on field observations at Qige in the Qiantang estuary, we analyzedthe characteristics of undular tidal bores. The results showed that the flooding amplitude (a) of the first wave isalways larger than its ebbing amplitude (b). Moreover, the vertical distribution of the maximum flood velocity exhibitesthree shapes, influenced by the tidal range, while that of the maximum ebb velocity exhibites a single shape. Duringthe initial phase of the flood tide in the spring and medium tides, the upper water body experiences multiple oscillatingchanges along the flow direction, corresponding to the alternating process of the crest and trough of the tide levelupon the arrival of the tidal bore. The tidal range is a crucial parameter in tidal bore hydrodynamics. By establishingthe relationship between hydrodynamic parameters and tidal range, other hydrodynamic parameters, such as the tidalbore height, maximum flood depth–averaged velocity, maximum flood stratified velocity at the measurement points,and duration of the flood tide current, can be effectively predicted, thereby providing an important reference for rivermanagement and maintenance.

关键词： tidal bores Qiantang Estuary tidal bore height tidal bore velocity propagation speed

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