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Life cycle assessment of urban uses of biochar and case study in Uppsala,sweden

Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 889-905页

作者： Elias S.Azzi Erik Karltun Cecilia Sundberg Department of Sustainable Development Environmental Engineeringand Sciences(SEED)KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikrigen 10B11428 StockholmSweden Department of Soil and Environment Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences(SLU)UppsalaSweden Department of Energy and Technology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences(SLU)UppsalaSweden

Biochar is a material derived from biomass pyrolysis that is used in urban *** environmental impacts of new biochar products have however not been ***,the life cycle assessments of 5 biochar products(tree planting,green roofs,landscaping soil,charcrete,and biofilm carrier)were performed for 7 biochar supply-chains in 2 energy *** biochar products were benchmarked against reference products and oxidative use of biochar for steel *** demand was then estimated,using dynamic material flow analysis,for a new city district in Uppsala,*** a decarbonised energy system and with high biochar stability,all biochar products showed better climate performance than the reference products,and most applications outperformed biomass use for decarbonising steel *** climate benefits of using biochar ranged from−1.4 to−0.11 tonne CO_(2)-eq tonne−1 biochar in a decarbonised energy *** other environmental impact categories,biochar products had either higher or lower impacts than the reference products,depending on biochar supply chain and material substituted,with trade-offs between sectors and impact ***,several use-phase effects of biochar were not included in the assessment due to knowledge *** Uppsala’s new district,estimated biochar demand was around 1700 m^(3)year^(−1)during the 25 years of *** 2100,23%of this biochar accumulated in landfill,raising questions about end-of-life management of biochar-containing ***,in a post-fossil economy,biochar can be a carbon dioxide removal technology with benefits,but biochar applications must be designed to maximise co-benefits.

关键词： Biochar Carbon dioxide removal Urban areas Bioeconomy Life cycle assessment Material flow analysis

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Sustainability Capacity Building Based on Educational Method: A Case Study on China and sweden Joint Program

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2008年第4期6卷 59-64页

作者： Zhang Qi Marie Nesser Jonathon Wigley Yu Guopei Environmental Education Center East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China Ramboll Natura AB Stockholm 102-65 Sweden SADC Regional Environmental Education Center Howick 3290 South Africa

Environmental Education and Education for Sustainable Development (EE&ESD) have been widely accepted as an effective educational method to contribute to capacity development and processes of change in developing countries. This paper takes SIDA supported EE&ESD in formal educationadvanced international training program, China as an example. By analyzing and reflecting its orientation, implementation, outcomes and evaluation, experiences and lessons learned are expected to help improve the sorts of international cooperation capacity building programs both from international and also Chinese perspectives.

关键词： Environmental Education and Education for Sustainable Development (EE&ESD) International Training Program capacity building

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Open Journal of Nursing 2014年第3期4卷 211-222页

作者： Katarina Hjelm Carina Bertero Department of Social and Welfare Studies Campus NorrkopingUniversity of LinkopingLinkopingSweden Department of Medical and Health Sciences Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of LinkopingLinkopingSweden

Diabetes (DM) requires self-care that is demanding and may cause stress. Social support can buffer effects of stress. No previous study has been found comparing perceptions of foreign-born persons with DM, concerning the content of and need for social support with a population of origin. The aim was to compare the meaning of support and its impact on the life situation in Swedish- and foreign-born persons diagnosed with type 2 DM living in sweden. A purposive sample of 74 persons;34 foreign- and 40 Swedish-born, aged 32-80 years, diagnosed with type 2 DM, was included. The foreign-born persons were mostly Middle Eastern and Ex-Yugoslavian refugees. Mixed methods were used and data were collected by qualitative interviews and quantitative data collected by the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire (NSSQ). Studying the figures measured by NSSQ, no significant differences were found according to gender but foreign-born men scored lower than Swedish, especially in emotional support and aid. The main findings showed that respondents, irrespective of origin, described the meaning of the concept of support mainly as information support in learning to manage DM. However, foreign-born persons also focused on medical support with regular follow-ups while Swedes emphasized the need for emotional support. Foreign- and Swedish-born persons are in general more similar than dissimilar in describing the meaning, need and impact of support. Irrespective of origin they want to learn to manage their disease and thus desire and need regular follow-up and information immediately from being diagnosed. Further studies are needed as the study is based on a limited sample.

关键词： Foreign-Born Persons Individual Perceptions Mixed Methods Need Assessment Social Support Swedish Persons Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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A multi-state weather generator for daily precipitation for the Torne River basin, northern sweden/western Finland

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2016年第1期7卷 70-81页

作者： David RAYNER Christine ACHBERGER Deliang CHEN Regional Climate Group Department of Earth Sciences University of Gothenburg

This paper describes a new weather generator e the 10-state empirical model e that combines a 10-state, first-order Markov chain with a non-parametric precipitation amounts model. Using a doubly-stochastic transition-matrix results in a weather generator for which the overall precipitation distribution(including both wet and dry days) and the temporal-correlation can be modified independently for climate change studies. This paper assesses the ability of the 10-state empirical model to simulate daily area-average precipitation in the Torne River catchment in northern sweden/western Finland in the context of 3 other models: a 10-state model with a parametric(Gamma) amounts model; a wet/dry chain with the empirical amounts model; and a wet/dry chain with the parametric amounts model. The ability to accurately simulate the distribution of multi-day precipitation in the catchment is the primary *** showed that the 10-state empirical model represented accumulated 2- to 14-day precipitation most realistically. Further, the distribution of precipitation on wet days in the catchment is related to the placement of a wet day within a wet-spell, and the 10-state models represented this realistically, while the wet/dry models did not. Although all four models accurately reproduced the annual and monthly averages in the training data, all models underestimated inter-annual and inter-seasonal variance. Even so, the 10-state empirical model performed *** conclude that the multi-state model is a promising candidate for hydrological applications, as it simulates multi-day precipitation well, but that further development is required to improve the simulation of interannual variation.

关键词： Weather generator Multi-state Torne River Precipitation

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Relating estimates of wood properties of birch to stem form, age and species

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 1-11页

作者： Grace Jones Maria Ulan Mateusz Liziniewicz Johan Lindeberg Stergios Adamopoulos Teagasc Forestry Development Department Ashtown Research CentreDublin 15 D15DY05Ireland Research Institutes of sweden(RISE) GoteborgSweden The Forest Research Institute of sweden(Skogforsk) Ekebo 225026890SvalovSweden Department of Forestry and Wood Technology Linnaeus University35195VaxjoSweden Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 700875007 UppsalaSweden

Birch has long suffered from a lack of active forest management,leading many researchers to use mate-rial without a detailed management *** collected from three birch(Betula pendula Roth,*** Ehrh.)sites in southern sweden were analyzed using regression analysis to detect any trends or differences in wood proper-ties that could be explained by stand history,tree age and stem *** sites were genetics trials established in the same *** of acoustic velocity(AV)from non-destructive testing(NDT)and predicted AV had a higher correlation if data was pooled across sites and other stem form factors were considered.A subsample of stems had radial profiles of X-ray wood density and ring width by year created,and wood density was related to ring number from the pith and ring *** seemed likely that wood density was negatively related to ring width for both birch *** models had slight improvements if site and species were included,but only the youngest site with trees at age 15 had both birch *** paper indicated that NDT values need to be considered separately,and any predictive models will likely be improved if they are specific to the site and birch species measured.

关键词： Acoustic velocity Non-destructive testing Predictive models Regression analysis Wood density

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Charting the course to solid-state dual-ion batteries

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Carbon Energy 2024年第3期6卷 132-177页

作者： Habtom D.Asfaw Antonia Kotronia Nuria Garcia-Araez Kristina Edström Daniel Brandell Department of Chemistry Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden Department of Chemistry University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

An electrolyte destined for use in a dual-ion battery(DIB)must be stable at the inherently high potential required for anion intercalation in the graphite electrode,while also protecting the Al current collector from anodic dissolution.A higher salt concentration is needed in the electrolyte,in comparison to typical battery electrolytes,to maximize energy density,while ensuring acceptable ionic conductivity and operational *** recent years,studies have demonstrated that highly concentrated organic electrolytes,ionic liquids,gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs),ionogels,and water-in-salt electrolytes can potentially be used in *** can help reduce the use of solvents and thus lead to a substantial change in the Coulombic efficiency,energy density,and long-term cycle life of ***,GPEs are suited to manufacture compact DIB designs without separators by virtue of their mechanical strength and electrical *** this review,we highlight the latest advances in the application of different electrolytes in DIBs,with particular emphasis on GPEs.

关键词： anion intercalation concentrated electrolytes dual-ion battery graphite ionic liquids polymer electrolyte

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Engineered nanoparticles for precise targeted drug delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficacy in cancer immunotherapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第8期14卷 3432-3456页

作者： Xueqiang Peng Jianjun Fang Chuyuan Lou Liang Yang Shaobo Shan Zixian Wang Yutong Chen Hangyu Li Xuexin Li Department of General Surgery The Fourth Affiliated HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyang 110032China Department of Ophthalmology Xi’an People’s Hospital(Xi’an Fourth Hospital)Xi’an 710004China Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 10050China Department of Medical Oncology Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510060China Department of Pathology Medical CollegeJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska InstitutetStockholm SE-17177Sweden

The advent of cancer immunotherapy has imparted a transformative impact on cancer treatment paradigms by harnessing the power of the immune ***,the challenge of practical and precise targeting of malignant cells *** address this,engineered nanoparticles(NPs)have emerged as a promising solution for enhancing targeted drug delivery in immunotherapeutic interventions,owing to their small size,low immunogenicity,and ease of surface *** comprehensive review delves into contemporary research at the nexus of NP engineering and immunotherapy,encompassing an extensive spectrum of NP morphologies and strategies tailored toward optimizing tumor targeting and augmenting therapeutic ***,it underscores the mechanisms that NPs leverage to bypass the numerous obstacles encountered in immunotherapeutic regimens and probes into the combined potential of NPs when co-administered with both established and novel immunotherapeutic ***,the review evaluates the existing limitations of NPs as drug delivery platforms in immunotherapy,which could shape the path for future advancements in this promising field.

关键词： Engineered nanoparticles Cancer immunotherapy Drug delivery Bloodebrain barrier Tumor-barrier Nanomedicine Nanomaterial Cancer

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In‑depth proteome characterization of endometrium and extraembryonic membranes during implantation in pig

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1027-1055页

作者： Maria A.Gil Josep M.Cambra Heriberto Rodriguez‑Martinez Cristina Cuello Inmaculada Parrilla Emilio A.Martinez Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research“Campus Mare Nostrum”University of MurciaMurciaSpain Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia(IMIB-Pascual Parrilla) MurciaSpain Technical University of Munich MunichGermany Department of Biomedical&Clinical Sciences(BKV) BKH/Obstetrics&GynaecologyLinkoping UniversityLinkopingSweden

Background Proteome characterization of the porcine endometrium and extraembryonic membranes is important to understand mother-embryo *** this study,the proteome of the endometrium and cho-rioallantoic membrane was characterized in pregnant sows(PS)during early gestation(d 18 and 24 of gestation)and in the endometrium of non-pregnant sows(NPS)during the same days using LC-MS/MS *** UniProtKB database and ClueGO were used to obtain functional Gene Ontology annotations and biological and functional networks,*** Our analysis yielded 3,254 and 3,457 proteins identified in the endometrium of PS and NPS,respectively;of these,1,753 being common while 1,501 and 1,704 were exclusive to PS and NPS,*** addition,we iden-tified 3,968 proteins in the extraembryonic membranes of *** analyses of function revealed some proteins had relevance for the immune system process and biological adhesion in endometrium while the embryonic chorion displayed abundance of proteins related to cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization,suggesting they dominated the moment of endometrial remodeling,implantation and adhesion of the lining *** are available via Pro-teomeXchange with identifier *** This is the first in-depth proteomic characterization of the endometrium and extraembryonic mem-branes during weeks 3 to 4 of gestation;data that contribute to the molecular understanding of the dynamic environ-ment during this critical period,associated with the majority of pregnancy losses.

关键词： Endometrium Extraembryonic membranes Implantation Pig Proteome

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Evolution of nonmetallic inclusions in 80-t 9CrMoCoB large-scale ingots during electroslag remelting process

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第7期31卷 1525-1539页

作者： Shengchao Duan Min Joo Lee Yao Su Wangzhong Mu Dong Soo Kim Joo Hyun Park School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing 100144China Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Hanyang UniversityAnsan 15588Rep.of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyBrinellvägen 23Stockholm 10044Sweden Department of Engineering Science and Mathematics Division of Materials ScienceLuleåUniversity of Technology97187 LuleåSweden Casting&Forging Business Unit Nuclear Business GroupDoosan EnerbilityChangwon 51711Rep.of Korea

In combination with theoretical calculations,experiments were conducted to investigate the evolution behavior of nonmetallic inclusions(NMIs)during the manufacture of large-scale heat-resistant steel ingots using 9CrMoCoB heat-resistant steel and CaF_(2)–CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–SiO_(2)–B_(2)O_(3)electroslag remelting(ESR)-type slag in an 80-t industrial ESR *** main types of NMI in the consumable electrode comprised pure alumina,a multiphase oxide consisting of an Al_(2)O_(3)core and liquid CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–SiO_(2)–MnO shell,and M_(23)C_(6)carbides with an MnS *** Al_(2)O_(3)and MnS inclusions had higher precipitation temperatures than the M_(23)C_(6)-type carbide under equilibrium and nonequilibrium solidification ***,inclusions can act as nucleation sites for carbide layer *** ESR process completely removed the liquid CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–SiO_(2)–MnO oxide and MnS inclusion with a carbide shell,and only the Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions and Al_(2)O_(3)core with a carbide shell occupied the remelted *** M_(23)C_(6)-type carbides in steel were determined as Cr_(23)C_(6)based on the analysis of transmission electron microscopy *** substitution of Cr with W,Fe,or/and Mo in the Cr_(23)C_(6)lattice caused slight changes in the lattice parameter of the Cr_(23)C_(6)***,Cr_(21.34)Fe_(1.66)C_(6),(Cr_(19)W_(4)C_(6),Cr_(18.4)Mo_(4.6)C_(6),and Cr_(16)Fe_(5)Mo_(2)C_(6)can match the fraction pattern of Cr_(23)C_(6)*** Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions in the remelted ingot formed due to the reduction of CaO,SiO_(2),and MnO components in the liquid *** increased Al content in liquid steel or the higher supersaturation degree of Al_(2)O_(3)precipitation in the remelted ingot than that in the electrode can be attributed to the evaporation of CaF_(2)and the increase in CaO content in the ESR-type slag.

关键词： nonmetallic inclusion heat-resistant steel electroslag remelting M_(23)C_(6) carbide MnS inclusion supersaturation degree

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The nature of electron density enhancement over a wide altitude range during ionosphere heating experiments at EISCAT

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第2期8卷 408-414页

作者： Jun Wu Jian Wu Jie Feng QingLiang Li ShuJi Hao ZhengWen Xu HaiSheng Zhao YaBin Zhang National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment China Research Institute of Radio Wave PropagationBeijing 102206China School of Physics Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China

During the course of ionospheric heating experiments, researchers at the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) observed an apparent electron density enhancement. The enhancement extended over a wide range of altitudes, above the reflection altitude of the high-frequency pump wave. However, whether this enhancement actually corresponds to a true enhancement in electron density remains an open question. When the dispersion relation of ion acoustic waves is followed, the frequency ratio of the enhanced ion line to the background ion line suggests that the profile of the effective ion mass may have remained unchanged. Furthermore, the solar radio flux and ion drift velocity indicate no significant changes in the ion species and their densities. In conclusion, the electron density enhancement observed at EISCAT should not, in fact, be considered a true enhancement.

关键词： incoherent scatter radar(ISR) ionospheric heating electron density ion acoustic wave

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