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Treatment and prevention of epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endemic areas is urgently needed

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 85-89页

作者： Robert Colebunders Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo Olivia Kamoen Luis-Jorge Amaral Amber Hadermann Chiara Trevisan Mark J.Taylor Julia Gauglitz Achim Hoerauf Yasuaki Sato Katja Polman Maria-Gloria Basanez Dan Bhwana Thomson Lakwo Gasim Abd-Elfarag Sebastien D.Pion Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Department of Neurology Heilig Hart ZiekenhuisLierBelgium Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine LiverpoolUK Department of Computer Science University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Institute of Medical Microbiology Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site Bonn-CologneBonnGermany School of Global Humanities and Social Sciences Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan mrc Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and London Centre for Neglected TropicalDisease Research Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK National Institute for Medical Research TangaTanzania Vector Control Division Ministry of HealthKampalaUganda School of Public Health University of JubaJubaSouth Sudan Access for Humanity JubaSouth Sudan French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development MontpellierFrance

Background There is increasing epidemiological evidence supporting the association between onchocerciasis and seizures, reinforcing the concept of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE). The aim of this paper is to provide an update on the new knowledge about OAE and to propose recommendations to the World Health Organization how to address this public health *** text During the 2nd International Workshop on OAE held on 19-21 September, 2023, in Antwerp, Belgium, participants recognised OAE as a substantial yet neglected public health problem, particularly in areas of sub-Saharan Africa where onchocerciasis remains hyperendemic. Evidence from prospective population-based studies suggest that strengthening onchocerciasis elimination efforts leads to a significant reduction of OAE incidence. There is a need to validate an OAE case definition to estimate the burden of disease and identify onchocerciasis-endemic areas requiring intensification of onchocerciasis elimination programmes and integration of epilepsy care. It is expected that raising awareness about OAE will boost the population uptake of ivermectin. The implementation of a community-based epilepsy treatment programme offering free anti-seizure medications (ASMs) has shown high effectiveness in reducing the frequency of seizures and improving the overall quality of life of people with *** To reduce OAE burden, enhanced collaboration between onchocerciasis and mental health programmes at community, national, and international levels is required. Urgent efforts are needed to ensure the uninterrupted provision of free ASMs in onchocerciasis-endemic areas. Furthermore, OAE should be included in the quantification of the onchocerciasis disease burden.

关键词： Onchocerciasis Morbidity Burden of disease Prevention Ivermectin Epilepsy Nodding syndrome Treatment Children Policy

Insm1:orchestrating cellular mimicry in the thymus medulla

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 414-416页

作者： K.D.James J.E.Cowan UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation The Pears BuildingRowland Hill StreetLondonNW32PPUK

The thymus is the primary production site for a functional and self-tolerant T-cell *** establishment of immune tolerance is mediated by the generation and presentation of tissue-restricted self-antigens(TRAs)by medullary thymic epithelial cells(mTECs),which screen T-cell receptors for self-reactivity to eliminate autoreactive T *** studies have extended our understanding of mTEC heterogeneity by examining the mechanisms by which mTECs mimic the peripheral self[1].

关键词： medullary eliminate restricted

Psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy:population co-occurrence,genetic correlations and causal effects

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General Psychiatry 2024年第1期37卷 103-111页

作者： Viktor H Ahlqvist Christina Dardani Paul Madley-Dowd Harriet Forbes Jessica Rast Caichen Zhong Renee M Gardner Christina Dalman Kristen Lyal cRAIG Newschaffer Torbjorn Tomson Michael Lundberg Daniel Berglind Neil M Davies Brian K Lee Cecilia Magnusson Dheeraj Rai Department of Global Public Health Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK Centre for Academic Mental Health Population Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK A.J.Drexel Autism Institute Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA College of Health and Human Development Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePAUSA Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine Region StockholmStockholmSweden K.G Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology Department of Public Health and NursingNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway Division of Psychiatry University Collge LondonLondonUK Department of Statistical Sciences University Cllge LondonLondonK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of BristoBristolUK Avon and Wiltshire Partnership NHS Mental Health TrustBristolUK

Background Psychiatric comorbidities are common in patients with *** for the co-occurrence of psychiatric conditions and epilepsy remain poorly *** We aimed to triangulate the relationship between epilepsy and psychiatric conditions to determine the extent and possible origins of these *** Using nationwide Swedish health registries,we quantified the lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with *** then used summarydata from genome-wide association studies to investigate whether the identified observational associations could be attributed to a shared underlying genetic aetiology using cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score ***,we assessed the potential bidirectional relationships using two-sample Mendelian *** In a cohort of 7628495 individuals,we found that almost half of the 94435 individuals diagnosed with epilepsy were also diagnosed with a psychiatric condition in their lifetime(adjusted lifetime prevalence,44.09%;95%confidence interval(Cl)43.78%to 44.39%).We found evidence for a genetic correlation between epilepsy and some neurodevelopmental and psychiatric *** example,we observed a genetic correlation between epilepsy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(r,=0.18,95%Cl 0.09 to 0.27,p<0.001)—a correlation that was more pronounced in focal epilepsy(r=0.23,95%CI 0.09 to 0.36,p<0.001).Findings from Mendelian randomisation using common genetic variants did not support bidirectional effects between epilepsy and neurodevelopmental or psychiatric *** Psychiatric comorbidities are common in patients with *** correlations may partially explain some comorbidities;however,there is little evidence of a bidirectional relationship between the genetic liability of epilepsy and psychiatric *** findings highlight the need to understand the role of environmental factors or rare genetic variations in the origins of psy

关键词： epilepsy Psychiat lifetime

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mrc装置充注冷剂的变化对循环工况的影响

低温与超导 2009年第12期37卷 4-7页

作者：孙恒马文华舒丹中国石油大学(北京)城市油气输配技术北京市重点实验室北京102249

mrc装置充注冷剂的量改变后,会使系统的运行组分、压力及罐的液位发生变化,从而影响循环的运行工况,这对于装置的设计和操作运行均有重要的指导意义。通过建立运行组分与充注组分的平衡关系及mrc循环的工艺模拟,得到运行组分、压力及罐... 详细信息

mrc装置充注冷剂的量改变后,会使系统的运行组分、压力及罐的液位发生变化,从而影响循环的运行工况,这对于装置的设计和操作运行均有重要的指导意义。通过建立运行组分与充注组分的平衡关系及mrc循环的工艺模拟,得到运行组分、压力及罐的液位与充注量及充注组分的关系。当系统运行组分中某一物质增加时,会由于气液相平衡导致相关联的另一物质在系统中含量的增加。所得结果对于系统工况的判断有参考价值。

关键词： mrc 冷剂组分充注

mrc装置冷剂量改变时系统动态特性的仿真模型

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低温与超导 2010年第6期38卷 7-9,20页

作者：孙恒舒丹朱鸿梅中国石油大学(北京)城市油气输配技术北京市重点实验室北京102249 华北科技学院土木工程系北京101601

向混合制冷剂循环(mrc,Mixture Refrigerant Cycle)装置中充注冷剂或冷剂发生泄漏或排放,会改变装置的运行工况。对此规律的研究与掌握,对装置的设计和操作运行有重要的指导意义。基于工艺模拟、质量守恒及装置的内在工作特性,建立了能... 详细信息

向混合制冷剂循环(mrc,Mixture Refrigerant Cycle)装置中充注冷剂或冷剂发生泄漏或排放,会改变装置的运行工况。对此规律的研究与掌握,对装置的设计和操作运行有重要的指导意义。基于工艺模拟、质量守恒及装置的内在工作特性,建立了能对这一动态特性进行模拟的数学模型,并针对一简单的SMR流程对充注C1、C5冷剂时系统运行工况的变化进行了模拟研究。

关键词： mrc 冷剂组分充注

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mrc近钻头地质导向系统总体设计与应用

石油钻采工艺 2015年第4期37卷 1-4页

作者：王智锋中石化胜利石油工程有限公司钻井工艺研究院山东东营257017

地质导向钻井技术已成为复杂结构井地层评价的重要手段。但常规地质导向系统测量参数测点平均测量零长大于20 m,离正钻地层较远,测量信息相对滞后,对薄油层开发尤其不利,并且常规自然伽马测量不具有测量方位信息能力,不能及时判断钻具... 详细信息

地质导向钻井技术已成为复杂结构井地层评价的重要手段。但常规地质导向系统测量参数测点平均测量零长大于20 m,离正钻地层较远,测量信息相对滞后,对薄油层开发尤其不利,并且常规自然伽马测量不具有测量方位信息能力,不能及时判断钻具在油层中发生的变化。胜利钻井院研制的mrc近钻头地质导向系统采用电磁波电阻率、方位伽马和井斜一体化设计技术,实现近钻头地质参数与工程参数集成测量,实现了近钻头测量,大大缩短了测量零长(测量零长小于10 m),能够实时监测地层特征信息、辨别地层变化,测量的参数具有方位特性,能够确定储集层边界的位置,利于及时调整井眼轨迹,降低打穿油层的风险,提高储层钻遇率。现场应用证明,该系统测量数据准确、工作稳定可靠,应用单井都获得了较高的储层钻遇率。通过与常规地质导向系统应用效果对比,该系统更能实现对地层特性的判断和钻头在储层内穿行精确控制,平均单井储层钻遇率提高10%以上,可为薄油层的开发提供有力的技术支撑。

关键词：地质导向界面识别方位伽马电磁波电阻率随钻测量 mrc 测量零长

Notch信号通路——对健康和疾病的机械论观点

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Engineering 2024年第3期34卷 212-232页

作者： Yao Meng Zhihan Bo Xinyi Feng Xinyi Yang Penny A.Handford Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China Department of Biochemistry University of OxfordOxford OX13QUUK State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity Beijing 100050China

The Notch signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved across metazoan species and plays key roles in many physiological *** Notch receptor is activated by two families of canonical ligands(Deltalike and Serrate/Jagged)where both ligands and receptors are single-pass transmembrane proteins usually with large extracellular domains,relative to their intracellular *** interaction of the core binding regions,presented on opposing cell surfaces,formation of the receptor/ligand complex initiates force-mediated proteolysis,ultimately releasing the transcriptionally-active Notch intracellular *** review focuses on structural features of the extracellular receptor/ligand complex,the role of posttranslational modifications in tuning this complex,the contribution of the cell membrane to ligand function,and insights from acquired and genetic diseases.

关键词： Notch signaling pathway Structural biology Glycosylation Genetic disorders Cancer Pharmacological agents

Untethered Micro/Nanorobots for Remote Sensing:Toward Intelligent Platform

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第2期16卷 450-483页

作者： Qianqian Wang Shihao Yang Li Zhang Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro‑Nano Biomedical Instruments School of Mechanical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 211189People’s Republic of China Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China T Stone Robotics Institute The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China Department of Surgery The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China

Untethered micro/nanorobots that can wirelessly control their motion and deformation state have gained enormous interest in remote sensing applications due to their unique motion characteristics in various media and diverse *** are developing micro/nanorobots as innovative tools to improve sensing performance and miniaturize sensing systems,enabling in situ detection of substances that traditional sensing methods struggle to *** the past decade of development,significant research progress has been made in designing sensing strategies based on micro/nanorobots,employing various coordinated control and sensing *** review summarizes the latest developments on micro/nanorobots for remote sensing applications by utilizing the self-generated signals of the robots,robot behavior,microrobotic manipulation,and robot-environment *** recent studies and relevant applications in remote sensing,we also discuss the challenges and future perspectives facing micro/nanorobots-based intelligent sensing platforms to achieve sensing in complex environments,translating lab research achievements into widespread real applications.

关键词： Micro/nanorobot Remote sensing Wireless control Self-propulsion Actuation at small scales

ThyroidNet:A Deep Learning Network for Localization and Classification of Thyroid Nodules

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 361-382页

作者： Lu Chen Huaqiang Chen Zhikai Pan Sheng Xu Guangsheng Lai Shuwen Chen Shuihua Wang Xiaodong Gu Yudong Zhang Ultrasonic Department Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast UniversityNanjing210009China School of Physics and Information Engineering Jiangsu Second Normal UniversityNanjing211200China School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia State Key Laboratory of MillimeterWaves Southeast UniversityNanjing210096China Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Basic Education Big Data Application Jiangsu Second Normal UniversityNanjing211200China School of Software Engineering Quanzhou Normal UniversityQuanzhou362000China Department of Biological Sciences Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou215123China

Aim:This study aims to establish an artificial intelligence model,ThyroidNet,to diagnose thyroid nodules using deep learning techniques ***:A novel method,ThyroidNet,is introduced and evaluated based on deep learning for the localization and classification of thyroid ***,we propose the multitask TransUnet,which combines the TransUnet encoder and decoder with multitask ***,we propose the DualLoss function,tailored to the thyroid nodule localization and classification *** balances the learning of the localization and classification tasks to help improve the model’s generalization ***,we introduce strategies for augmenting the ***,we submit a novel deep learning model,ThyroidNet,to accurately detect thyroid ***:ThyroidNet was evaluated on private datasets and was comparable to other existing methods,including U-Net and *** results show that ThyroidNet outperformed these methods in localizing and classifying thyroid *** achieved improved accuracy of 3.9%and 1.5%,***:ThyroidNet significantly improves the clinical diagnosis of thyroid nodules and supports medical image analysis *** research directions include optimization of the model structure,expansion of the dataset size,reduction of computational complexity and memory requirements,and exploration of additional applications of ThyroidNet in medical image analysis.

关键词： ThyroidNet deep learning TransUnet multitask learning medical image analysis