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朱熹的“知”与阳明的“知”──心性论脉络的“格物致知”诠释

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中山大学学报（社会科学版） 2024年第2期64卷 186-197页

作者： [日]藤井伦明日本九州大学人文科学研究院

历来学界对朱熹“格物致知”论的理解并不一致。有“认识论”脉络的诠释,也有“心性论”脉络的诠释。在朱熹“格物致知”论中,“格物”的第一阶段是以外在事物为对象而究明“所当然之则”的工夫,所以确实可以从“认识论”脉络解读它;但... 详细信息

历来学界对朱熹“格物致知”论的理解并不一致。有“认识论”脉络的诠释,也有“心性论”脉络的诠释。在朱熹“格物致知”论中,“格物”的第一阶段是以外在事物为对象而究明“所当然之则”的工夫,所以确实可以从“认识论”脉络解读它;但到了究明“所以然之故”的第二阶段,外物之理与内心之理相通,“格物”成为“知性”,因此无法单纯地将它规定为现代认识论脉络的“求知”活动。关于“致知”,其工夫的对象、舞台不是外在物理,而是内在心理,因此无法从认识论脉络解读它。朱熹所理解的“知”是人心先天具有的本体之性(理)展现为作用之情的灵妙机能,换言之,即“明德”或“良知”。因此,关于“知”的基本意涵以及“知至”的境界,可以说朱熹与阳明的理解是一致的。吾人不能轻易地将朱熹脉络的“格物致知”与阳明脉络的“致良知”视为完全对立、矛盾的工夫。

关键词：朱熹王阳明格物致知认识论知识心性论理

Irradiation Damage of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Ferritic Steel after Recrystallization

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 1998年第3期12卷 160-164页

作者： Benfu Hu Shunmi Peng H Takahashi(Material Science and Engineering school, university of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China)(Faculty of Engineering, Hokkado university, Sapporo 060, japan) Material Science and Engineering school University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Faculty of Engineering Hokkado University Sapporo 060 Japan

The evolution of secondary defects and the characteristics of the void swelling of electrons irradiated Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Ferritic Steels (ODS steels) after recrystallization were studied. It was found that recrystallization increases the void swelling of ODS steel as compared with solution and injected He+ + D+ *** are two size ranges of voids formed in recrystallized ODS steel during irradiation, and bubbles can be preferential sites for the void formation. Polycrystal with low density of defects is formed, and sites where point defects disappear by irradiation decrease. This is the main reason for the increase of void swelling of ODS steel after recrystallization.

关键词： ODS steel recrystallization, electron irradiation

ELECTRONIC STATES AND HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENTIN TRANSITION METALS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1997年第3期10卷 271-275页

作者： S. Tanimori and S. Shimamura(department of Applied Science, Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi university, Ube 755, japan) Yamaguchi Univ Ube Japan

An electronic approach to the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement in metals is pre-sented and discussed. Some problems of the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement are pointed out from an electronic point of view. Electronic structure calculations in a periodically cleaved or slipped lattice are developed in orker to identofy deformation-sensitive electronic states in the absence of hydrogen. The calculational results are given and discussed for a trunsition metal, Pd. Electronic structure calculations in the presence of hydrogen are outlined and hydrogen embrittlement in transition metals is discussed in terms of electronic states.

关键词： hydrogen embrittlement transition metal electronic structure,electron energy

^(99)Ru and ^(13)C-NMR Spectra for the Tris Chelates of 5-Substituted 1,10-Phenanthrolines with Ruthenium (Ⅱ)

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Chinese Chemical Letters 1998年第8期9卷 765-766页

作者： Xiao Ming XIAO and Takeko MATSUMURA-INO UE2(department of chemistry, Hunan Normal university, Changsha, 410081)(department of Chemistry, Nara university of Education, Nara 63O, japan) department of Chemistry Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China department of Chemistry Nara University of Education Nara 630 Japan

13C and 99Ru-NMR chendcal shifts are reported for the ruthenium(II) tris complexes of5-substitUted 1,10-phenanthrolines. It has been found that both of them are affected by the substituents on the phenanthrolines in a... 详细信息

关键词： NMR spectrum ruthenium(Ⅱ) complex substituent effect

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL DITOPIC LIGAND AND ITS HETEROMETALLO-BINUCLEAR COMPLEX

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Chinese Chemical Letters 1993年第8期4卷 749-752页

作者： Xian He BU Shou Rong ZHU Yun Ti CHEN department of Chemistry,Nankai university,Tianjin 300071M.SHIONOYA E.KIMURA department of Hedicinal Chemistry,school of medicine Hiroshima university,Hiroshima 734,japan

A ditopic ligand bpy-cyclam(L)and its heterometallo-binuclear complex Ru(bpy)_2(bpy-cyclam-Ni)(ClO_4)_43H_2O(3)designed for use in the catalytic photoreduction of carbon dioxide have been newly synthesized and *** pro... 详细信息

关键词： Ru Ni SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL DITOPIC LIGAND AND ITS HETEROMETALLO-BINUCLEAR COMPLEX 里份 AIBN ITS

Density of Ni-Cr Alloy in the Mushy State

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2003年第2期19卷 107-110页

作者： Feng XIAO1) Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka university, Osaka 567-0047, japan2) school of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin university, Tianjin 300072, China Joining and Welding Res. Inst. Osaka Univ. Osaka 567-0047 Japan Sch. of Mat. Sci. and Eng. Tianjin Univ. Tianjin 300072 China

The density of Ni-Cr alloy in the mushy state has been measured using the modified sessile drop method. The density of Ni-Cr alloy in the mushy state was found to decrease with increasing temperature and Cr concentration in alloy. The molar volume of Ni-Cr alloy in the mushy state therefore increases with increasing the Cr concentration in alloy. The ratio of the difference of density divided by the temperature difference between liquidus and solidus temperatures decreases with increasing Cr concentration. The density of the alloy increased with the precipitation of a solid phase in alloy during the solidification process. The temperature dependence of the density of alloy in the mushy state was not linear but biquadratic.

关键词： Ni-Cr alloy Density Molar volume Mushy state Modified sessile drop method

Variation of Surface Adhesion Force During the Formation of OTS Self-assembled Monolayer Investigated by AFM

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 1999年第4期7卷 345-350页

作者：徐国华 HigashitaniKo departmentofChemicalEnginesring ZhejiangUniversityHangzhou310027China DepartmantofChemicalEnineering KyotoUniversityKyoto606-01Japan

Variation of the surface adhesion force during the formation of octadecyl trichlorosilane (OTS) self-assembled monolayer on a glass substrate surface was investigated by atomic force microscope (AFM). The research shows that the hydrophobicity and the adhesion force of the sample surface increases gradually while the substrate surface is covered by OTS molecules as the reaction proceeds. After 15min reaction, a close-packed and smooth OTS self-assembled monolayer could form on the glass substrate surface with an advancing contact angle of 105° and an interfacial energy of 55.79mJ·m-2.

关键词： surface adhesion force atomic force microscope octadecyl trichlorosilane selfassembled monolayer

Distribution of Terbium and Increase of Calcium Concentration in the Organs of Mice iv-Administered With Terbium Chloride

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1997年第1期10卷 73-84页

作者： ATSUKO SHINOHARA MOMOKO CHIBA AND YUTAKA INABA (department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo Universi ty school of medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, japan) (Correspondence should be sent to Atsuko Shinohara) department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan.

To investigate the biobeical effects of terbium (Tb), male mice were intravenously ad ministered with TbCl3 at 10, 25, or 50 mg Tb/kg. Time-course and dose-related changes in organ distributions of Tb were determined . More than 95 % of the Tb in blood was in plas ma, and the concentrations decreased rapidly. Contrary to normal pharmacokinetics, Tb con centrations in plasma were higher in the 10 mg/kg group than in the 50 mg/kg group. The concentrations after injection of 25 mg/kg were between 10 and 50 mg/kg injections. Tb was incorporated mainly in liver, lung, and spleen. In all groups more than 80% of Tb adminis tered were found in these three organs. Disappearance of Tb in these organs was very *** was also found in kidney, heart and other organs. Coincidentally, it was found that the Ca concentration was increased in organs in which Tb was incorporated. After administration of Tb (50 mg/kg) the Ca concentration, compared to the controls, was 70-fold in spleen, 20-fold in lung, and 6-fold in liver. There were highly positive correlations between Tb and Ca concentrations in organs. Excretion of Tb in urine was 0. 15 ～ 0. 3 % and that in feces was 1.7～12. 5 % for up to 7 days. These results indicate that liver, lung, and spleen are the main target organs of Tb administered intravenously, and that the increase in Ca concentrations is one of the important biological effects of Tb in target organs

关键词： Distribution of Terbium and Increase of Calcium Concentration in the Organs of Mice iv-Administered With Terbium Chloride

Effects of sulfur dioxide on growth， gas exchange rate and leaf sulfur content of massion pine seedlings

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1994年第3期6卷 268-276页

作者： Yang Liang United Graduate school,Tokyo university of Agriculture and Technology,Fuchu,Tokyo 183,japan Takeshi Izuta Tsumugu Totsuka (department of Environmental Sciences and Resources,Faculty of Agriculture,Tokyo Universtiy of Agriculture and Technology,

The effects of sulfur dioxide(SO_2) on the dry weight growth gas exchange rate and leaf sulfur content of massion pine(Pinus massoniana Lamb. )were investigated. The results obtained in this study show that the dry weight growth and net photosynthetic rate of masson pine seedlings are reduced by exposure to SO_2 at ≥100 ppb. From these results,one of the main causes in the dieback of masson pine forest reported in Chongqing,China may be relatively high concentrations of atmospheric SO_2 in the relevant area.

关键词： sulfur dioxide(SO_2),Pinus massoniana Lamb. dry weight growth gas exchange rate leaf sulfur content.