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Biomarkers of neurodegenerative disorders: How good are they?

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Cell Research 2004年第5期14卷 347-358页

作者： Varun RACHAKONDA department of Neurology Baylor college of Medicine Houston TX USA

Biomarkers are very important indicators of normal and abnormal biological processes. Specific changes in pathologies, biochemistries and genetics can give us comprehensive information regarding the nature of any particular disease. A good biomarker should be precise and reliable, distinguishable between normal and interested disease, and differential between different diseases. It is believed that biomarkers have great potential in predicting chances for diseases, aiding in early diagnosis, and setting standards for the development of new remedies to treat diseases. New technologies have enabled scientists to identify biomarkers of several different neurodegenerative diseases. The followings, for instance, are only a few of the many new biomarkers that have been recently identified: the phosphorylated tau protein and aggregated β-amyloid peptide for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), α-synuclein contained Lewy bodies and altered dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging for Parkinson’s disease (PD), SOD mutations for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and CAG repeats resulted from Huntington’s gene mutations in Huntington’s disease (HD). This article will focus on the most-recent findings of biomarkers belonging to the four mentioned neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Huntington’s disease biomarkers.

Hamiltonian type Lie bialgebras

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Science china Mathematics 2007年第9期50卷 1267-1279页

作者： Bin XIN~(1+) Guang-ai SONG~2 Yu-cai SU~3 1 department of Mathematics,shanghai Jiao Tong university,shanghai 200240,china 2 college of Mathematics and Information Science,Shandong Institute of Business and Technology,Yantai 264005,china 3 department of Mathematics,university of Science and Technology of china,Hefei 230026,china department of Mathematics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China college of Mathematics and Information Science Shandong Institute of Business and Technology Yantai China department of Mathematics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China

We first prove that,for any generalized Hamiltonian type Lie algebra H,the first co- homology group H^1(H,H(?)H) is *** then show that all Lie bialgebra structures on H are triangular.

关键词： Lie bialgebra Yang-Baxter equation Hamiltonian Lie algebra 17B62 17B05 17B37 17B66

Involvement of nociceptin/orphanin FQ in release of hypothalamic GnRH mediated by ORL1 receptor in ovariectomized rats

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2005年第9期26卷 1039-1044页

作者： Xiao-fei AN Hai-ping CHEN Shu-lan MA Yi FENG Jun-wei HAO Bo-ying CHEN~1 department of Neurobiology and Integrative Medicine,shanghai medical college,Fudan university shanghai 200032,china department of Neurobiology and Integrative Medicine Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China

Aim:To investigate effect of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ(OFQ)on hypothala-mus gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)release in ovariectomized(OVX)***:GnRH radioimmunoassay(RIA)was used to study the effect ofOFQ on GnRH release in hypothalamus slices in ***-pull perfusion andintracerebroventicular(icy)injection were used to examine the effect of OFQ onGnRH release in the hypothalamus medial preoptic area(POA)in ***-mies were performed on female Sprague-Dawley rats,and their plasma luteinizinghormone(LH)levels were measured after icy injection of OFQ with or without[Nphe~1]NC(1-13)NH2,a competitive antagonist of opioid receptor-like 1 receptor(ORL1 receptor).Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)wasused to investigate the expression of the ORLI receptor in rat ***:GnRH release from hypothalamus slices was inhibited 90 min after the administra-tion of 2 mmol/L and 20 mmol/L OFQ(P2 mmol/Land 2 mmol/L *** LH levels were also decreased significantly 2 h aftericv injection of 20 nmol OFQ in OVX rats(P20 nmol [Nphe~1]NC(1-13)NH2,that is,NC ***,plasma LH levels in OVX rats increased markedly 2 h after icv injec-tion of 100 nmol and 200 nmol NC ***-PCR analysis further revealed that theORL1 receptor was not expressed in the pituitary of OVX ***:Cen-tral administration of nociceptin/orphanin FQ might inhibit the release of hypo-thalamic GnRH and decrease the plasma LH levels through ORLI receptors inOVX rats.

关键词： nociceptin ORL1 receptor gonadorelin hypothalamus

Purification and Characterization of Two Endo-β-1,4-glucanases from Mollusca,Ampullaria crossean

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2005年第10期37卷 702-708页

作者： Yan-Hong LI~(1#) Rui GUO~(3#) Qiu-Yu YIN~1 Ming DING~1 Si-Liang ZHANG~3 Gen-Jun XU~(1,2) Fu-Kun ZHAO~(1,2*) 1 Key Laboratory of Proteomics,Institute of biochemistry and Cell Biology,shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences.Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,shanghai 200031,china 2 college of Life Science,Zhejiang Sci-Tech university,Hangzhou 310018,china 3 Bioengineering Institute,East china university of Science and Technology,shanghai 200233,china Key Laboratory of Proteomics Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031 China Bioengineering Institute East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200233 China college of Life Science Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018 China

Two novel endo-β-1,4-glucanases,EG45 and EG27,were isolated from the gastric juice ofmollusca,Ampullaria crossean,by anion exchange,hydrophobic interaction,gel filtration and a secondround of anion exchange *** purified proteins EG45 and EG27 appeared as a single bandon sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular mass of 45 kDa and 27 kDa,*** optimum pH for CMC activity was 5.5 for EG45 and 4.4-4.8 for *** optimumtemperature range for EG27 was broad,between 50℃ and 60℃;for EG45 it was 50℃.The analysis on thestability of these two endo-β-1,4-glucanases showed that EG27 was acceptably stable at pH 3.0-11.0 evenwhen the incubation time was prolonged to 24 h at 30℃,whereas EG45 remained relatively stable at *** 85% of the activity of EG27 could be retained upon incubation at 60℃ for 24 ***,less than 10% residual activity of EG45 was detected at 50℃.Among different kinds of substrates,bothenzymes showed a high preference for carboxymethyl ***45,in particular,showed a carboxymethylcellulose hydrolytic activity of 146.5 IU/mg *** enzymes showed low activities to xylan (from oatspelt) and Sigmacell 101,and they were inactive to p-nitrophenyl-β-D-cellobioside,salicin and starch.

关键词： cellulase endo-β-1,4-glucanase Ampullaria crossean purification substrate specificity

Two-photon spectroscopic behaviors and photodynamic effect on the BEL-7402 cancer cells of the new chlorophyll photosensitizer

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Science china Chemistry 2008年第6期51卷 529-538页

作者： ZHAO PeiDe1,2,CHEN Ping1,TANG GuoQing1,LIU JinWei2,LIN Lie1,GUO Peng1,YU Qing2, YAO JianZhong3,MA DongMing4,ZHANG GuiLan1 & CHEN WenJu1 1 Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology,Ministry of Education,Institute of Modern Optics,Nankai university,Tianjin 300071,china 2 department of Physics,Hebei university of Technology,Tianjin 300130,china 3 college of Pharmacy,Second Military medical university,shanghai 200433,china 4 Tianjin college of the Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 300193,china Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology Ministry of Education Institute of Modern Optics Nankai University Tianjin China department of Physics Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China college of Pharmacy Second Military Medical University Shanghai China Tianjin college of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China

The spectroscopic properties of a new chlorophyll derivate photosensitizer (CDP) are studied under the excitation wavelengths at 800 and 400 nm using femtosecond pulses from a Ti: sapphire laser. The damaging effect of CDP on the BEL-7402 cancer cells is also investigated upon two-photon illumination at 800 nm. The normalized fluorescence spectra of CDP in tetrahydrofuran (THF) show that two-photon and one-photon spectra have the same distributions and the same emission bands (675 nm). The lifetimes of two- and one-photon induced fluorescence of this molecule are of the order of 5.0 ns. By comparing the data it is shown that there is some difference between the two lifetimes, but the difference is less than one nanosecond. The two-photon absorption cross section of the molecule is also measured at 800 nm and estimated as about σ'_2 ≈ 31.5x10^(-50)cm^4·s·photon^(-1). The results of two-photon photodynamic therapy (TPPDT) tests show that CDP can kill all of the tested cancer cells according to the usual Eosine assessment. Our results indicate that the two-photon-induced photophysical, photochemical and photosensitizing processes of CDP may be basically similar to those of one-photon excitation. These behaviors of the sample suggest that one may find other possible methods to estimate some photosensitizers' effects in details such as their distribution in cells and the reactive targets of the sub-cellular parts of some tumor cells via two-photon excitation techniques.

关键词： photosensitizer chlorophyll derivate two-photon fluorescence two-photon absorption cross-section TPPDT BEL-7402 cell

Transiently Expressed Short Hairpin RNA Targeting 126 kDa Protein of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Interferes with Virus Infection

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2006年第1期38卷 22-28页

作者： Ming-Min ZHAO~(1,2),De-Rong AN~(1*),Jian ZHAO~2,Guang-Hua HUANG~3,Zu-Hua HE~4,and Jiang-Ye CHEN~3 ~1 college of Plant Protection,Northwest Science and Technology university of Agriculture and Forestry,Yangling 712100,china ~2 college of Agriculture,Yangtze university,Jingzhou 434025,china ~3 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Institute of biochemistry and Cell Biology,shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,shanghai 200031,china ~4 State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics,Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,shanghai 200032,china college of Plant Protection Northwest Science and Technology University of Agriculture and Forestry Yang ling 712100 China college of Agriculture Yangtze University Jingzhou 434025 China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

RNA-interference (RNAi) silences gene expression by'guiding mRNA degradation in asequence-specific *** interfering RNA (siRNA),an intermediate of the RNAi pathway,has beenshown to be very effective in inhibiting virus infection in mammalian cells and cultured plant ***,wereport that Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) couldinhibit tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA accumulation by targeting the gene encoding the replication-asso-ciated 126 kDa protein in intact plant *** results indicate that transiently expressed shRNA efficientlyinterfered with TMV *** interference observed is sequence-specific,and time-and *** expressed shRNA corresponding to the TMV 126 kDa protein gene did not inhibit cucumbermosaic virus (CMV),an unrelated *** order to interfere with TMV accumulation in tobaccoleaves,it is essential for the shRNA constructs to be infiltrated into the same leaves as TMV *** support the view that RNAi opens the door for novel therapeutic procedures against virus *** propose that a combination of the RNAi technique and Agrobacterium-mediated transient expressioncould be employed as a potent antiviral treatment in plants.

关键词： tobacco mosaic virus 126 kDa protein RNA interference short hairpin RNA

Checking for normality in linear mixed models

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Science china Mathematics 2012年第4期55卷 787-804页

作者： WU Ping 1,,ZHU LiXing 2,3 & FANG Yun 4 1 School of Finance and Statistics,East china Normal university,shanghai 200241,china 2 School of Statistics and Mathematics,Yunnan university of Finance and Economics,Yunnan 650221,china 3 The department of Mathematics,Hong Kong Baptist university,Hong Kong 999077,china 4 Mathematics and Science college,shanghai Normal university,shanghai 200234,china School of Finance and Statistics East China Normal University Shanghai China School of Statistics and Mathematics Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Yunnan China The department of Mathematics Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong China Mathematics and Science college Shanghai Normal University Shanghai China

Linear mixed models are popularly used to fit continuous longitudinal data, and the random effects are commonly assumed to have normal distribution. However, this assumption needs to be tested so that further analysis can be proceeded well. In this paper, we consider the Baringhaus-Henze-Epps-Pulley （BHEP） tests, which are based on an empirical characteristic function. Differing from their case, we consider the normality checking for the random effects which are unobservable and the test should be based on their predictors. The test is consistent against global alternatives, and is sensitive to the local alternatives converging to the null at a certain rate arbitrarily close to 1/V~ where n is sample size. ^-hlrthermore, to overcome the problem that the limiting null distribution of the test is not tractable, we suggest a new method： use a conditional Monte Carlo test （CMCT） to approximate the null distribution, and then to simulate p-values. The test is compared with existing methods, the power is examined, and several examples are applied to illustrate the usefulness of our test in the analysis of longitudinal data.

关键词： linear mixed models estimated best linear unbiased predictors BHEP tests conditional MonteCarlo test

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in cultured human dental follicle cells and its biological roles

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第7期28卷 985-993页

作者： Xue-peng CHEN~2,Hong QIAN~2,Jun-jie WU~2,Xian-wei MA~3,Ze-xu GU~2,Hai-yan SUN~4,Yin-zhong DUAN~(2,5),Zuo-lin JIN~(2,5)~2 department of Orthodontics,Qindu Stomatological college,Fourth Military.medical university,Xi'an 710032,china ~3 Institute of Immunology,Second Military medical university,shanghai 200433,china,~4 Number 307 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army,Beijing 100101china department of Orthodontics Qindu Stomatological College Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China Instute of Immunology Second Military Medical University Shanghai China Number 307 Hospital of chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing China

Aim:To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)in cultured human dental follicle cells (HDFC),and to examine the roles of VEGF inthe proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis of HDFC in ***:Immunocytochemistry,ELISA,and RT-PCR were used to detect the expressionand transcription of VEGF in cultured *** dose-dependent and the time-course effect of VEGF on cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activ-ity in cultured HDFC were determined by MTT assay and colorimetric ALP assay,*** effect of specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)inhibitors (PD98059 and U0126) on the VEGF-mediated HDFC proliferation wasalso determined by MTT *** effect of VEGF on HDFC apoptosis wasmeasured by flow ***:VEGF was transcribed and expressed incultured *** at 10-300 μg/L significantly increased HDFC proliferationand ALP activity compared to the *** 1,3,5,or 7 d of stimulation,VEGF induced a significant increase in HDFC proliferation compared with thecorresponding control,while VEGF was effective at increasing ALP activity at theincubation time point of 3,5,or 7 ***98059 and U0126 could attenuate theVEGF-mediated HDFC *** apoptotic cells were observed in theVEGF-treated groups compared to the controls,although the difference was notstatistically ***:VEGF is expressed in cultured HDFC,and ata proper concentration range can stimulate HDFC proliferation,induce HDFC todifferentiate in a"cementoblast/osteoblast"pathway and protect HDFC *** MAPK signaling pathway might be involved in the VEGF-medi-ated HDFC proliferation.

关键词： vascular endothelial growth factor human dental follicle cell proliferation differentiation apoptosis tooth eruption mitogenactivated protein kinase

A Note on Global Convergence Result for Conjugate Gradient Methods

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Journal of shanghai university(English Edition) 2001年第1期5卷 15-19页

作者： BAI Yan qin department of Mathematics, college of Sciences, shanghai university, shanghai 200436, china department of Mathematics College of Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China

We extend a results presented by Y.F. Hu and *** (1991) [1] on the global convergence result for conjugate gradient methods with different choices for the parameter β k . In this note, the conditions ... 详细信息

关键词： conjugate gradient algorithm descent property global convergence restarting