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The risk of prostate cancer on incidental finding of an avid prostate uptake on 2-deoxy-2-[^(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for non-prostate cancer-related pathology:A single centre retrospective study

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 33-41页

作者： Anthony Franklin Troy Gianduzzo Boon Kua David Wong Louise McEwan James walters Rachel Esler Matthew J.Roberts Geoff Coughlina John W.Yaxley Department of Urology The Wesley HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia Wesley Medical Research BrisbaneQLDAustralia school of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Department of Radiology Wesley Medical ImagingBrisbaneQLDAustralia Department of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Objective:To review the risk of prostate cancer(PCa)in men with incidentally reported increased intraprostatic uptake at 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography(18F-FDG PET/CT)ordered at Department of Urology,The Wesley Hospital,Brisbane,QLD,Australia for non-PCa related pathology.Methods:Retrospective analysis of consecutive men between August 2014 and August 2019 presenting to a single institution for 18F-FDG PET/CT for non-prostate related conditions was conducted.Men were classified as benign,indeterminate,or malignant depending of the results of prostate-specific antigen(PsA),PsA velocity,biopsy histopathology,and three-Tesla(3 T)multiparametric MRI(mpMRI)Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data system score,or gallium-68-prostate-specific membrane antigen(68Ga-PsMA)PET/CT results.Results:Three percent(273/9122)of men demonstrated 18F-FDG avidity within the prostate.Eighty-five percent(231/273)were further investigated,including with PsA tests(227/231,98.3%),3 T mpMRI(68/231,29.4%),68Ga-PsMA PET/CT(33/231,14.3%),and prostate biopsy(57/231,24.7%).Results were considered benign in 130/231(56.3%),indeterminate in 31/231(13.4%),and malignant in 70/231(30.3%).PCa was identified in 51/57(89.5%)of the men who proceeded to biopsy,including 26/27(96.3%)men with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data system scores 4-5 mpMRI and six men with a positive 68Ga-PsMA PET/CT.The most common Gleason score on biopsy was greater than or equal to 4+5(14/51,27.5%).68Ga-PsMA PET/CT was concordant with the 18F-FDG findings in 26/33(78.8%).All 13 men with a positive concordant 18F-FDG,3 T mpMRI,and 68Ga-PsMA PET/CT had PCa on biopsy.There was no statistically significant difference in the 18F-FDG maximum standardized uptake value between the benign or malignant groups(5.7 vs.6.1;p=0.580).Conclusion:In this study,after an incidental finding of an avid intraprostatic lesion on 18F-FDG PET/CT,70 of the 231 cases(30.3%;0.8%of the entire cohort)had results consistent with PCa,most commonly as Gleason scor

关键词： Prostatecancer Positionemission tomography Multiparametric magneticresonance imaging Prostatebiopsy

Performance Evaluation ofMulti-Agent Reinforcement Learning Algorithms

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Intelligent Automation & soft Computing 2024年第2期39卷 337-352页

作者： Abdulghani M.Abdulghani Mokhles M.Abdulghani Wilbur L.walters Khalid H.Abed Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering and Computer science Jackson State UniversityJacksonMS 39217USA

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning(MARL)has proven to be successful in cooperative assignments.MARL is used to investigate how autonomous agents with the same interests can connect and act in one team.MARL cooperation scenarios are explored in recreational cooperative augmented reality environments,as well as realworld scenarios in robotics.In this paper,we explore the realm of MARL and its potential applications in cooperative assignments.Our focus is on developing a multi-agent system that can collaborate to attack or defend against enemies and achieve victory withminimal damage.To accomplish this,we utilize the starCraftMulti-Agent Challenge(sMAC)environment and train four MARL algorithms:Q-learning with Mixtures of Experts(QMIX),Value-DecompositionNetwork(VDN),Multi-agent Proximal PolicyOptimizer(MAPPO),andMulti-Agent Actor Attention Critic(MAA2C).These algorithms allow multiple agents to cooperate in a specific scenario to achieve the targeted mission.Our results show that the QMIX algorithm outperforms the other three algorithms in the attacking scenario,while the VDN algorithm achieves the best results in the defending scenario.specifically,the VDNalgorithmreaches the highest value of battle wonmean and the lowest value of dead alliesmean.Our research demonstrates the potential forMARL algorithms to be used in real-world applications,such as controllingmultiple robots to provide helpful services or coordinating teams of agents to accomplish tasks that would be impossible for a human to do.The sMAC environment provides a unique opportunity to test and evaluate MARL algorithms in a challenging and dynamic environment,and our results show that these algorithms can be used to achieve victory with minimal damage.

关键词： Reinforcement learning RL multi-agent MARL sMAC VDN QMIX MAPPO

Barriers and facilitators to participating in cardiac rehabilitation and physical activity:A cross-sectional survey

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World Journal of Cardiology 2022年第2期14卷 83-95页

作者： Matthew James Fraser stephen J Leslie Trish Gorely Emma Foster Ronie walters Division of Biomedical science University of the Highlands and IslandsInverness IV23JHUnited Kingdom Department of Cardiology NHS HighlandInverness IV23UJUnited Kingdom Department of Nursing and Midwifery University of the Highlands and IslandsInverness IV23JHUnited Kingdom Cardiac Unit NHsH NHS HighlandInverness IV23JHUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases(CVD)have been shown to be the greatest cause of death worldwide and rates continue to increase.It is recommended that CVD patients attend cardiac rehabilitation(CR)following a cardiac event to reduce mortality,improve recovery and positively influence behaviour around CVD risk factors.Despite the recognised benefits and international recommendations for exercisebased CR,uptake and attendance remain suboptimal.A greater understanding of CR barriers and facilitators is required,not least to inform service development.Through understanding current cardiac patients’attitudes and opinions around CR and physical activity(PA)could inform patient-led improvements.Moreover,through understanding aspects of CR and PA that participants like/dislike could provide healthcare providers and policy makers with information around what elements to target in the future.AIM To investigate participants’attitudes and opinions around CR and PA.METHODs This study employed a cross-sectional survey design on 567 cardiac patients.Cardiac patients who were referred for standard CR classes at a hospital in the scottish Highlands,from May 2016 to May 2017 were sampled.As part of a larger survey,the current study analysed the free-text responses to 5 open-ended questions included within the wider survey.Questions were related to the participants’experience of CR,reasons for non-attendance,ideas to increase attendance and their opinions on PA.Qualitative data were analysed using a 6-step,reflexive thematic analysis.REsULTs Two main topic areas were explored:“Cardiac rehabilitation experience”and“physical activity”.self-efficacy was increased as a result of attending CR due to exercising with similar individuals and the safe environment offered.Barriers ranged from age and health to distance and starting times of the classes which increased travel time and costs.Moreover,responses demonstrated a lack of information and communication around the classes.Respondents highlighted that the provision of more classes an

关键词： Cardiovascular disease Cardiac rehabilitation Physical activity Barriers Facilitators Patient experience

Deciphering the Origin of Abiotic Organic Compounds on Earth:Review and Future Prospects

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Acta Geologica sinica(English Edition) 2023年第1期97卷 288-308页

作者： WANG Chao TAO Renbiao Jesse B.walters REN Tianshi NAN Jingbo ZHANG Lifei MOE Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for High Pressure science and Technology Advanced Research(HPsTAR) Beijing 100094China Institut für Geowissenschaften Goethe-Universität FrankfurtFrankfurt am Main 60438Germany Department of Ocean science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

The geologic production of abiotic organic compounds has been the subject of increasing scientific attention due to their use in the global carbon flux balance,by chemosynthetic biological communities,and for energy resources.Extensive analysis of methane(CH_(4))and other organics in diverse geologic settings,combined with thermodynamic modelings and laboratory simulations,have yielded insights into the distribution of specific abiotic organic molecules on Earth and the favorable conditions and pathways under which they form.This updated and comprehensive review summarizes published results of petrological,thermodynamic,and experimental investigations of possible pathways for the formation of particular species of abiotic simple hydrocarbon molecules such as CH_(4),and of complex hydrocarbon systems,e.g.,long-chain hydrocarbons and even solid carbonaceous matters,in various geologic processes,distinguished into three classes:(1)pre-to early planetary processes;(2)mantle and magmatic processes;and(3)the gas/water-rock reaction processes in low-pressure ultramafic rock and high-pressure subduction zone systems.We not only emphasize how organics are abiotically synthesized but also explore the role or changes of organics in evolutionary geological environments after synthesis,such as phase transitions or organic-mineral interactions.Correspondingly,there is an urgent need to explore the diversity of abiotic organic compounds prevailing on Earth.

关键词： abiotic hydrocarbons high P-T methane abiotic solid organic compounds deep carbon cycle

Epidemiology of pelvic and acetabular fractures across 12-mo at a level-1 trauma centre

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第8期13卷 744-752页

作者： Rory Cuthbert samuel walters David Ferguson Edward Karam Jonathan Ward Homa Arshad Paul Culpan Peter Bates Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic surgery Royal London HospitalBarts HealthLondon E11BBUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Despite motor-vehicle safety advancements and increasingly rigorous workplace safety regulations,trauma/suicide remains the leading cause of death under the age of 45 in the United Kingdom.To promote centralisation of care and optimisation of major trauma outcomes,in 2012 the National Health service introduced the Trauma Network system.To our knowledge,this is the first study to analyse the epidemiology of pelvic and acetabular trauma over a one-year period at a level-1 trauma centre in the United Kingdom,since nationwide introduction of the Trauma Network system.AIM To characterize the epidemiology of high-energy pelvic and acetabular fractures over a one-year period at a level-1 trauma centre,and explore both resources required to care for these patients and opportunities for future research and injury prevention initiatives.METHODs 227 consecutive patients at a level-1 trauma centre with pelvic and acetabular fractures were analysed between December 2017-December 2018.Paediatric patients(s)and fragility fractures were excluded,leaving 175 patients for inclusion in the study.statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.REsULTs 72%of pelvic and acetabular fractures occurred in male patients at a median age of 45 years.15%were the result of a suicide attempt.48%of patients required pelvic or acetabular surgery,with 38%undergoing further surgery for additional orthopaedic injuries.43%of patients were admitted to intensive care.The median inpatient stay was 13 days,and the 30-day mortality was 5%.Pelvic ring trauma was more commonly associated with abdominal injury(P=0.01)and spine fractures(Ps.Vertical shear pelvic ring fractures were associated with falls(P=0.03)while lateral compression fractures were associated with road traffic accidents(P=0.01).CONCLUsION High energy pelvic and acetabular fractures are associated with concomitant orthopaedic fractures(most commonly spine and lower limb),intensive care admission and pro

关键词： Pelvis Acetabulum Orthopedics Multiple trauma Trauma centers

Cotton stomatal closure under varying temperature and vapor pressure deficit,correlation with the hydraulic conductance trait

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Journal of Cotton Research 2022年第3期5卷 217-227页

作者： WEDEGAERTNER Kurt sHEKOOFA Avat PURDOM sam walters Kellie DUNCAN Lori RAPER Tyson B Department of Plant sciences University of Tennessee2505 E.J.Chapman Dr.KnoxvilleTN 37996USA Department of Biosystems Engineering and soil science University of Tennessee2506 EJ Chapman DriveKnoxvilleTN 37996USA.

Background:Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)is often grown in locations characterized by high atmospheric evaporative demand.It has been hypothesized that plants which resist hydraulic flow under this condition will limit water use and conserve soil water.Therefore,in a series of controlled environment experiments ten cotton cultivars were exposed to two different temperature and vapor pressure deficit(VPD)conditions(i.e.,38℃,>3 kPa and 32℃,1∼1.5 kPa)as well as a progressive soil drying.Then,individual differences in shoot hydraulic conductance(K_(shoot))was measured using a hydraulic conductance flow meter(HCFM).Physiological parameters were reported included leaf area,dry leaf weight,stomatal conductance(g_(s)),and water use efficiency coefficient(WUE_(k)).Results:Differences were observed in K_(shoot) among cultivars under the 38℃,>3 kPa but not the 32℃,1∼1.5 kPa environment.Under the 38℃,>3 kPa environment,correlations were found between K_(shoot),stomatal conductance(gs),VPD breakpoint,WUEk,total leaf area,dry leaf weight,fraction transpirable soil water(FTsW)threshold,and slope of TR decline after FTsW threshold.Conclusion:Results show that the ability of some cotton cultivars to restrict water loss under high evaporative demand through early stomatal closure is associated with the cultivars’K_(shoot).The K_(shoot) is influential in the limitation of TR trait under high temperature and VPD.

关键词： Cotton FTsW threshold shoot hydraulic conductance Temperature Transpiration rate VPD

Hidden heterogeneity and its influence on dengue vaccination impact

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 783-797页

作者： Magdalene walters T.Alex Perkins Department of Biological sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health University of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA

The CYD-TDV vaccine was recently developed to combat dengue,a mosquito-borne viral disease that afflicts millions of people each year throughout the tropical and subtropical world.Its rollout has been complicated by recent findings that vaccinees with no prior exposure to dengue virus(DENV)experience an elevated risk of severe disease in response to their first DENV infection subsequent to vaccination.As a result of these findings,guidelines for use of CYD-TDV now require serological screening prior to vaccination to establish that an individual does not fall into this high-risk category.These complications mean that the public health impact of CYD-TDV vaccination is expected to be higher in areas with higher transmission.One important practical difficulty with tailoring vaccination policy to local transmission contexts is that DENV transmission is spatially heterogeneous,even at the scale of neighborhoods or blocks within a city.This raises the question of whether models based on data that average over spatial heterogeneity in transmission could fail to capture important aspects of CYD-TDV impact in spatially heterogeneous populations.We explored this question with a deterministic model of DENV transmission and CYD-TDV vaccination in a population comprised of two communities with differing transmission intensities.Compared to the full model,a version of the model based on the average of the two communities failed to capture benefits of targeting the intervention to the high-transmission community,which resulted in greater impact in both communities than we observed under even coverage.In addition,the model based on the average of the two communities substantially overestimated impact among vaccinated individuals in the low-transmission community.In the event that the specificity of serological screening is not high,this result suggests that models that ignore spatial heterogeneity could overlook the potential for harm to this segment of the population.

关键词： Dengue Vector borne disease Dengvaxia CYD-TDV Computational modeling sIR R spatial heterogeneity

Maternal and Foetal Outcome among Pregnant Women Infected with COVID-19 in Three Referral Hospitals in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第3期13卷 625-641页

作者： William Ako Takang Cho Joseline Nyuykighan Dobgima walters Pisoh Dobgima walters Pisoh Robinson Enow Mbu Faculty of Health sciences University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Maternity Department Regional Hospital Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon

Introduction: Pregnancy is generally known to be an immune compromised state, thus placing pregnant women at risk of sARs-COV-2 infection. We therefore carried out this study to assess the maternal and foetal outcomes among pregnant women infected with COVID-19 in three referral hospitals in Cameroon. Methodology: This was a hospital-based retrospective case control study covering a two-year period. Data collection was done over a duration of four months at the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Douala Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital and the Bamenda Regional Hospital. Cases were pregnant women who gave birth after a confirmed COVID-19 infection, matched 1:2 by age (±1 year) and parity (±1) to pregnant women not infected by COVID-19, who gave birth at the three hospitals within the same period. Results: The rate of caesarean section delivery among our cases was 52.4% as compared to 44.3% among controls (OR, 1.38, 95% CI, 0.74 - 2.60, P = 0.296). Maternal mortality rate in our cases was at 8.2% as compared to 6.6% in controls (OR, 1.60, 95% CI, 0.50 - 5.12, P = 0.422). The rate of preterm delivery in our cases was 24.6% as compared to 11.5% in the control group (OR, 2.39, 95% CI, 1.05 - 5.42, P = 0.025). Perinatal death rate in our study was recorded at 8.2% as compared to 3.4% in the controls (OR, 2.63, 95% CI, 0.68 - 10.18, Ps = 0.162) Conclusion: Pregnant women infected with COVID-19 were found to have higher risks of preterm delivery and acute foetal distress as compared to pregnant women who were not infected. Caesarean section deliveries, maternal and foetal mortality were higher in COVID-19 infected pregnant women as compared to those not though these findings were not statistically significant.

关键词： COVID-19 Pregnancy Maternal Foetal Outcome

Persistent Precarity and the Disaster of Everyday Life: Homeless People’s Experiences of Natural and Other Hazards

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2019年第3期10卷 332-342页

作者： JC Gaillard Vicky walters Megan Rickerby Yu shi school of Environment The University of AucklandAuckland 1142New Zealand school of People Environment and PlanningMasseyUniversityAlbany 0632New Zealand Unit for Environmental sciences and Management North-West UniversityPotchefstroom 2520South Africa

Knowledge of how homeless people deal with natural hazards and disasters is sparse and there is a remarkable absence of homeless people in policies and practices for disaster risk reduction(DRR). This article aims at filling this gap by exploring the lives of homeless people in two New Zealand cities that are exposed to natural hazards. It shows that natural hazards are of marginal concern to homeless people in comparison to the everyday hazards that they experience and that make their everyday life a disaster in itself. The disaster of everyday life is created and compounded by homeless people’s precarious lifeworlds. The article, nonetheless, shows that homeless people’s vulnerability to natural hazards remains high as they lack power to control the processes that shape their everyday lives, to prepare for large-scale events, and to be represented in DRR policy. Therefore, the article ultimately argues that disaster policies require greater attention to be paid to the power structures that create persistent precarity and the ways in which this is experienced in everyday life.

关键词： Everyday life Hazard Homelessness New Zealand Precarity Vulnerability