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Discoursing on Soxhlet extraction of ginseng using association analysis and scanning electron microscopy

Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第5期8卷 312-317页

作者： Yuan Yue zi-dong qiu Xian-You Qu Ai-Ping Deng Yuan Yuan Lu-Qi Huang Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine ResourcesChongqing Sub-center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesChongqing 400065PR China National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesState Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di HerbsBeijing 100700PR China State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines(China Pharmaceutical University) No.24 Tongjia laneNanjing 210009PR China

Soxhlet extraction is a common method of sample preparation. However, there has been no discussion about the efficiency of Soxhlet extraction from different batches and the factors that cause content fluctuation. In this study, Panax ginseng was selected as a model sample. Soxhlet extraction by means of a water bath, which has always been neglected, was identified as a novel key factor in the poor repeat- ability in different batches of Soxhlet extraction, as it can affect the siphon times and reflux time, which have been positively correlated with the ginsenoside contents. By substituting round bottom flasks in the same column, the relative standard deviation of the most fluctuated compound, ginsenoside Rbl, was decreased from 24.6% to 5.02%. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the breakdown of the surface of the ginseng powder in the Soxhlet extraction led to a better dissolution of ginsenosides, indicating that chloroform may promote the extraction of ginsenosides by disrupting the cell structure. Moreover, 70% methanol was regarded as the better solvent for extracting the ginsenosides. Overall, this work offers a practical and effective protocol for improving the accuracy and repeatability of Soxhlet extraction methodology for ginsenosides and other analytes.

关键词： Ginseng Ginsenosides Soxhlet extraction Repeatability Siphon times

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Real-time toxicity prediction of Aconitum stewing system using extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第5期10卷 903-912页

作者： zi-dong qiu Jin-Long Chen Wen Zeng Ying Ma Tong Chen Jin-Fu Tang Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai Lu-Qi Huang State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009China National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesState Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di HerbsBeijing 100700China

Due to numerous obstacles such as complex matrices,real-time monitoring of complex reaction systems(e.g.,medicinal herb stewing system)has always been a challenge though great values for safe and rational use of ***,facilitated by the potential ability on the tolerance of complex matrices of extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry,a device was established to realize continuous sampling and real-time quantitative analysis of herb stewing system for the first time.A complete analytical strategy,including data acquisition,data mining,and data evaluation was proposed and implemented with overcoming the usual difficulties in real-time mass spectrometry *** complex Fuzi(the lateral root of Aconitum)-meat stewing systems were real-timely monitored in150 min by qualitative and quantitative analysis of the nine key alkaloids *** results showed that the strategy worked perfectly and the toxicity of the systems were evaluated and predicated *** with trotters effectively accelerated the detoxification of Fuzi soup and reduced the overall toxicity to 68%,which was recommended to be used practically for treating rheumatic arthritis and enhancing *** established strategy was versatile,simple,and accurate,which would have a wide application prospect in real-time analysis and evaluation of various complex reaction systems.

关键词： Real-time extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry Toxic alkaloids Data mining Aconitine Aconitum--meat stewing system Toxicity prediction

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Limitation standard of toxic aconitines in Aconitum proprietary Chinese medicines using on-line extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第8期10卷 1511-1520页

作者： zi-dong qiu Xu-Ya Wei Rui-Qi Sun Jin-Long Chen Ting Tan Jia-Quan Xu Guang-Hong Cui Tong Chen Juan Guo Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai Lu-Qi Huang State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs National Resource Center for Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchang 330006China State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009China Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation College of ChemistryBiology and Material SciencesEast China Institute of TechnologyNanchang 330013China

Development of rapid analytical methods and establishment of toxic component limitation standards are of great importance in quality control of traditional Chinese medicine. Herein, an online extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(oEESI-MS) coupled with a novel whole process integral quantification strategy was developed and applied to direct determination of nine key aconitine-type alkaloids in 20 Aconitum proprietary Chinese medicines(APCMs). Multi-type dosage forms(e.g., tablets, capsules, pills, granules, and liquid preparation) of APCM could be determined directly with excellent versatility. The strategy has the characteristics of high throughput, good tolerance of matrix interference, small amount of sample(~0.5 mg) and reagent(~240 μL) consumption, and short analysis time for single sample(<15 min). The results were proved to be credible by high performance liquid chromatographyàmass spectrometry(LC-MS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, respectively. Moreover, the limitation standard for the toxic aconitines in 20 APCMs was established based on the holistic weight toxicity(HWT) evaluation and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia severally, and turned out that HWT-based toxicity evaluation results were closer to the real clinical applications. Hence,a more accurate and reliable APCM toxicity limitation was established and expected to play an important guiding role in clinics. The current study extended the power of ambient MS as a method for the direct quantification of molecules in complex samples, which is commonly required in pharmaceutical analysis,food safety control, public security, and many other disciplines.

关键词： Aconitum dosage tablets

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原发性肝癌超声造影参数与血管内皮生长因子、CD90表达的相关性研究

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标记免疫分析与临床 2018年第10期25卷 1480-1484,1521页

作者：董子秋河北清河县人民医院超声科河北清河054800

目的分析原发性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)超声造影参数与血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、CD90表达的相关性。方法回顾性分析60例经病理证实的原发性肝癌患者的超声造影表现,免疫组织化学检测VEG... 详细信息

目的分析原发性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)超声造影参数与血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、CD90表达的相关性。方法回顾性分析60例经病理证实的原发性肝癌患者的超声造影表现,免疫组织化学检测VEGF、CD90的表达,分析VEGF、CD90阳性与阴性肝癌与始增时间、达峰时间、峰值加速时间、始增速度及增强速率的关系。结果病灶的始增时间、达峰时间、峰值加速时间小于病灶周围背景肝组织,病灶始增速度、增强速率大于病灶周围背景肝组织,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。VEGF表达阳性率81. 21%(87/107),CD90表达阳性率73. 83%(79/107),两者表达呈正相关(r=0. 264,P=0. 001)。VEGF、CD90阳性HCC的始增时间、达峰时间、峰值加速时间小于VEGF、CD90阴性HCC,VEGF、CD90阳性HCC始增速度、增强速率大于VEGF、CD90阴性HCC,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论 CEUS可判定PHC不同血供灌注特征并与VEGF、CD90密切相关,对肝癌诊断与治疗具有重要临床价值。

关键词：原发性肝癌超声造影血管内皮生长因子 CD90

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Potassium and calcium channels in different nerve cells act as therapeutic targets in neurological disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1258-1276页

作者： Qing qiu Mengting Yang Danfeng Gong Haiying Liang Tingting Chen Department of Pharmacology School of PharmacyNantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target NantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Pharmacy Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityLongyanFujian ProvinceChina

The central nervous system, information integration center of the body, is mainly composed of neurons and glial cells. The neuron is one of the most basic and important structural and functional units of the central nervous system, with sensory stimulation and excitation conduction functions. Astrocytes and microglia belong to the glial cell family, which is the main source of cytokines and represents the main defense system of the central nervous system. Nerve cells undergo neurotransmission or gliotransmission, which regulates neuronal activity via the ion channels, receptors, or transporters expressed on nerve cell membranes. Ion channels, composed of large transmembrane proteins, play crucial roles in maintaining nerve cell homeostasis. These channels are also important for control of the membrane potential and in the secretion of neurotransmitters. A variety of cellular functions and life activities, including functional regulation of the central nervous system, the generation and conduction of nerve excitation, the occurrence of receptor potential, heart pulsation, smooth muscle peristalsis, skeletal muscle contraction, and hormone secretion, are closely related to ion channels associated with passive transmembrane transport. Two types of ion channels in the central nervous system, potassium channels and calcium channels, are closely related to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Accordingly, various drugs that can affect these ion channels have been explored deeply to provide new directions for the treatment of these neurological disorders. In this review, we focus on the functions of potassium and calcium ion channels in different nerve cells and their involvement in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, epilepsy, autism, and rare disorders. We also describe several clinical drugs that target potassium or calcium channels in nerve cells and could be u

关键词： astrocytes calcium channels central nervous system extracellular ion concentration microglia neurological disorders neurons potassium channels

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Electrocatalytic cleavage of a lignin β-O-4 model compound and coupling with nitrogen-containing aromatics using Prussian blue analogue-derived nickel–cobalt spinel

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 628-636页

作者： Yi Qi Xueying Chen Bowen Liu Xuliang Lin Xueqing qiu Yanlin Qin Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development Guangdong University of Technology

Electrochemical conversion of lignin for the production of high-value heterocyclic aromatic compounds has great *** demonstrate the targeted synthesis and cation modulation of NiCo2O4spinel nanoboxes,synthesized via cation exchange and calcination *** catalysts exhibit excellent efficacy in the electrocatalytic conversion of lignin model compounds,specifically 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol,into nitrogen-containing aromatics,achieving high conversion rates and *** catalysts were synthesized via a cation exchange and calcination oxidation process,using Prussian blue nanocubes as *** porous architecture and polymetallic composition of the NiCo2O4spinel demonstrated superior performance in electrocatalytic oxidative coupling,achieving a 99.2 wt%conversion rate of the 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol with selectivities of 37.5 wt%for quinoline derivatives and 31.5 wt%for *** innovations include the development of a sustainable one-pot synthesis method for quinoline derivatives,the elucidation of a multistage reaction pathway involving CAO bond cleavage,hydroxyaldol condensation,and CAN bond formation,and a deeper mechanistic understanding derived from DFT *** work establishes a new strategy for lignin valorization,offering a sustainable route to produce high-value nitrogen-containing aromatics from renewable biomass under mild conditions,without the need for additional reagents.

关键词： Spinel Biomass valorization Electrocatalysis Lignin oxidation Coupling

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Constructing Pr-doped CoOOH catalytic sites for efficient electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 234-244页

作者： Botao Fan Hao Zhang Bang Gu Feng qiu qiue Cao Wenhao Fang School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials School of Materials and Energy Yunnan University

Electrocatalytic conversion of renewable biomass is emerging as a promising route for sustainable chemical production;hence it urgently calls for developing efficient electrocatalysts with low potentials and high current ***,a Pr-doped Co（OH）2hexagonal sheet （Pr/Co=1/9,in mole） is synthesized by electrodeposition as highly performant catalyst for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural （HMF） oxidation reaction（HMFOR） to produce 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid （FDCA）.This novel and low-cost catalyst possesses a rather low onset potential of 1.05 V （***） and requires only 1.10 V （***） to reach a current density of 10 mA cm-2for HMFOR,significantly outperforming Co（OH）2benchmark (i.e.,210 mV higher to reach10 m A cm-2).The origin of Pr promotion effect as well as the evolution of CoOOH catalytic sites and HMFOR process has been deeply elucidated by physical characterizations,kinetic experiments,in situ electrochemical techniques,and theoretical *** unique Pr-ameliorated CoOOH active centers enable 100%conversion of HMF,99.6%selectivity of FDCA,and 99.7%Faraday efficiency,with a superior cycling durability toward *** can be one of the most outstanding results for Co-based HMFOR catalysts to date in the *** this work can help open up new horizons for constructing novel and efficient Co-based electrocatalysts by the utilization of lanthanide elements.

关键词： Bioconversion

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Enantioselective reductive conjugate alkenylation of α,β-enones with keto alkenyl acetates by nickel catalysis

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 157-162页

作者： Rong-De He Yun-Lei Luo qiu-Quan Pan Qi-Wei Yao Xing-Zhong Shu State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University

Reactions involving alkenyl acetates offer cost-effective and environmentally friendly routes for alkene synthesis, yet their asymmetric variant remains elusive. Concurrently, asymmetric conjugate alkenylation predominantly centered on nucleophilic addition using alkenyl–M. This manuscript presents an asymmetric reductive conjugate alkenylation reaction involving alkenyl acetates. The method facilitates the enantioselective addition of keto alkenyl groups to α,β-enones, resulting in the formation of unsaturated diketones—a class of useful structural motifs that are challenging to access otherwise. The use of electron-rich Pyroxy ligand is essential for achieving both high reaction efficiency and enantioselectivity.

关键词： nickel alkenylation asymmetric cross-coupling alkenes

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Number rigid determinantal point processes induced by generalized Cantor sets

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2025年

作者： Zhaofeng LIN Yanqi qiu Kai WANG School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences HIAS University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan University

We consider the Ghosh-Peres number rigidity of translation-invariant determinantal point processes on the real line R, whose correlation kernels are induced by the Fourier transform of the indicators of generalized Cantor sets in the unit interval. Our main results show that for any givenθ∈(0, 1), there exists a generalized Cantor set with Lebesgue measure θ, such that the corresponding determinantal point process is Ghosh-Peres number rigid.

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Novel flexible and transparent microstrip low-pass filter design with Π-shaped DGS

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2025年

作者： Liu Zhaohan Han Yunan qiu Xianbo Li Xianli College of Information Science and Technology， Beijing University of Chemical Technology

This paper proposes a new design for a transparent low-pass filter (LPF) using a flexible PTFE material and metallic copper. The transparent microstrip filter employs an asymmetric Π-shaped structure with dimensions of 260 mm × 13 mm × 0.148 mm， which owns a narrow transition band and achieves an insertion loss of less than 1.0 dB below 0.26 GHz. Furthermore， the insertion loss of the transparent microstrip filter can exceed 30 dB in the stopband of 1.02 GHz to 6.50 GHz. Square holes are added to the copper layer to improve the transparency of the LPF， and the filter performance can be adjusted by changing the square hole area and resolution. Additionally， multiple identical structures are cascaded to increase the insertion loss in the stopband while maintaining the passband. The transparent microstrip LPF has the characteristics of flexibility， high transparency， and significant insertion loss in the stopband， making it suitable for applications that require electromagnetic protection in a clear field of vision.

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