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Public health preparedness and responses to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic in South Asia:a situation and policy analysis

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Global Health Journal 2020年第4期4卷 121-132页

作者： Amitabha Sarkar Guangqi Liu Yinzi Jin zheng Xie zhi-jie zheng Centre of Social Medicine and Community Health School of Social Sciences(Building-II)Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Mehrauli RoadNew Delhi 110067India Department of Global Health School of Public HealthPeking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Institute for Global Health Peking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China

Like rest of the world,the South Asian region is facing enormous challenges with the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** socio-economic context of the eight South Asian countries is averse to any longterm lockdown program,but the region still observed stringent lockdown close to two *** paper analyzed major measures in public health preparedness and responses in those countries in the *** research was based on a situation analysis to discuss appropriate plan for epidemic preparedness,strategies for prevention and control measures,and adequate response management *** on the data from March 21 to June 26,2020,it appeared lockdown program along with other control measures were not as effective to arrest the exponential growth of fortnightly COVID-19 cases in Afghanistan,Bangladesh,India,Nepal and ***,Bhutan,Maldives and Sri Lanka have been successfully limiting the spread of the *** in-depth analysis of prevention and control measures espoused densely populated context of South Asia needs community-led intervention strategy,such as case containment,in order to reverse the growing trend,and adopt the policy of mitigation instead of suppression to formulate COVID-19 action *** the other hand,mechanism for response management encompassed a four-tier approach of governance to weave community-led local bodies with state,national and international governance actors for enhancing the countries’emergency operation *** is concluded resource-crunch countries in South Asia are unable to cope with the disproportionate demand of capital and skilled health care workforce at the time of the ***,response management needs an approach of governance maximization instead of resource *** epidemiologic management of population coupled with suitable public health prevention and control measures may be a more appropriate strategy to strike a balance between economy and population health during the t

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 Pandemic Intervention strategy Epidemiological management Public health South Asia

Global health governance for travel health: lessons learned from thecoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks in large cruise ships

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Global Health Journal 2020年第4期4卷 133-138页

作者： Shuduo Zhou Lu Han Peilong Liu zhi-jie zheng Department of Global Health School of Public HealthPeking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Institute for Global Health Peking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China

Background: The outbreak and global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) attracts a great deal ofattentions to the problem of travel health. Cruise tourism is increasingly popular, with an estimated 30 millionpassengers transported on cruise ships worldwide each year. Safeguarding the health of cruise travelers duringthe entire travel is of ultimate importance for both the industry and global public ***: This study aimed to explore the challenges and opportunities in travel health from the perspective ofglobal health ***: The global governance framework including problems, values, tools or regulations, and actors relatedto travel health were used to analyze the issues ***: Up to April 2020, nearly thirty cruise ship voyages reported COVID-19 cases. The Diamond Princess,Grand Princess and Ruby Princess cruise ship had over 1,400 total reported COVID-19 cases, and more than 30deaths. A community with a common future in travel health is the core value of global health governance fortravel health. The travel-related international regulations, including the International Health Regulation (IHR[2005]), United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the International Maritime Organization(IMO) conventions should be further updated to deal with the travel health problems. The roles andresponsibilities and the cooperation mechanisms of different actors are not clear in relation to the public healthemergencies during the ***: Travel health transcends national borders and involves multilevel actors, thus needs globalcooperation and governance. Regulations and legislation at global and country level are required to preventlarge-scale humanitarian crisis on travel health. Multilateral coordination, cooperation and collaborationmechanisms between governments, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations andindustry are needed to build a better community of common destiny for travel

关键词： Travel health Infectious diseases Governance Global health Coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19

Hospitals’responsibility in response to the threat of infectious disease outbreak in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic:implications for low-and middle-income countries

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Global Health Journal 2020年第4期4卷 113-117,F0002页

作者： Ji Zhang Xinpu Lu Yinzi Jin zhi-jie zheng Department of Global Health School of Public HealthPeking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Institute for Global Health Peking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Graduate School of Education Peking University5 Yiheyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100871China Peking University Cancer Hospital&Institute 52 Fucheng RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100142China

The WHO declared the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak as a public health emergency of international concern on January 30,2020,and then a pandemic on March 11,***-19 affected over 200 countries and territories worldwide,with 25,541,380 confirmed cases and 852,000 deaths associated with COVID-19 globally,as of September 1,2020.1 While facing such a public health emergency,hospitals were on the front line to deliver health care and psychological *** early detection,diagnosis,reporting,isolation,and clinical management of patients during a public health emergency required the extensive involvement of hospitals in all *** response capacity of hospitals directly determined the outcomes of the prevention and control of an *** COVID-19 pandemic has affected almost all nations and territories regardless of their development level or geographic location,although suitable risk mitigation measures differ between developing and developed *** low-and middle-income countries(LMICs),the consequences of the pandemic could be more complicated because incidence and mortality might be associated more with a fragile health care system and shortage of related resources.2-3 As evidenced by the situation in Bangladesh,India,Kenya,South Africa,and other LMICs,socioeconomic status(SES)disparity was a major factor in the spread of disease,potentially leading to alarmingly insufficient preparedness and responses in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic.4 Conversely,the pandemic might also bring more unpredictable socioeconomic and long-term impacts in LMICs,and those with lower SES fare worse in these *** review aimed to summarize the responsibilities of and measures taken by hospitals in combatting the COVID-19 *** findings are hoped to provide experiences,as well as lessons and potential implications for LMICs.

关键词： Hospital Responsibility Infectious disease Coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 Pandemic Implication Lesson Low-and middle-income countries LMICs

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: how countries shouldbuild more resilient health systems for preparedness and response

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Global Health Journal 2020年第4期4卷 139-145页

作者： Zhebin Wang Yuqi Duan Yinzi Jin zhi-jie zheng Department of Global Health School of Public HealthPeking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Institute for Global Health Peking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China

Objective: A resilient health system plays a crucial role in pandemic preparedness and response. Althoughthe World Health Organization (WHO) has required all states parties to strengthen core capacities to respondto public health emergencies under the International Health Regulations (2005), the actions of most countriesto combating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has showed that they are not well-prepared. This crosssectionalstudy aimed to examine the health system resilience of selected countries and analyze their strategiesand measures in response to the COVID-19 ***: This study selected five countries including the Iran, Japan, Republic of Korea (South Korea), the U.K.,and the U.S., based on the severity of the national epidemic, the geographical location, and the developmentlevel. Cumulative number of death cases derived from WHO COVID-19 dashboard was used to measure theseverity of the impact of the pandemic in each country;WHO State Parties Self-Assessment Annual Reporting (SPAR)Scores and Global Health Security (GHS) Index were applied to measure the national health system resilience;and research articles and press materials were summarized to identify the strategies and measures adopted bycountries during response to COVID-19. This study applied the resilient health systems framework to analyzehealth system resilience in the selected countries from five dimensions, including awareness, diversity, selfregulation,integration and ***: The SPAR Scores and GHS Index of the four developed countries, Japan, South Korea, the U.K. and theU.S. were above the global and regional averages;the SPAR Scores of Iran were above the global average whilethe GHI Index lain below the global average. In terms of response strategies, Japan, the U.K. and the U.S. investedmore health resources in the treatment of severe patients, while South Korea and Iran had adopted a strategyof extensive testing and identification of suspected patients. In terms o

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 Pandemic Resilient health systems Preparedness and response Global health security Health system strengthening

State fragility and the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic:an ecologic analysis of data from 146 countries

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Global Health Journal 2021年第1期5卷 18-23页

作者： Yuqi Duan Junxiong Ma Yangmu Huang Xinguang Chen zhi-jie zheng Department of Global Health School of Public HealthPeking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Institute for Global Health Peking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610USA

Background:Global spread and impact of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic are determined to a large extent,by resistance to the pandemic and public response of all countries in the world;while a country's resistance and response are in turn determined by its political and socio economic *** inform future disease prevention and control,we analyzed global data to exam the relationship between state vulnerabilities and COVID-19 incidences and ***:Vulnerability was measured using the Fragile States Index(FSI).FSI is created by the Fund for Peace to assess levels of fragility for individual *** FSI score and scores for 12 specific indicators were used as the predictor *** variables were national cumulative COVID-19 cases and deaths up to September 16,2020,derived from the World Health *** incidence rates were computed using 2019 National population derived from the World Bank,and case fatality rates were computed as the ratio of deaths/COVID-19 *** with incomplete data were excluded,yielding a final sample of 146 *** regression was used to examine the association between the predictor and the outcome ***:There were dramatic cross-country variations in both FSI and COVID-19 epidemiological *** total scores were negatively associated with both COVID-19 cumulative incidence rates(β=-0.0135,P<0.001)and case fatality rates(β=-0.0147,P<0.05).Of the 12 FSI indicators,three negatively associated with COVID-19 incidences were E1(Economic Decline and Poverty),E3(Human Flight and Brain Drain),and S2(Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons);two positively associated were P1(State Legitimacy)and X1(External Intervention).With regard to association with case fatality rates,C1(Security Apparatus)was positive,and P3(Human Rights and Rule of Law)and X1 was ***:With FSI measures by the Fund of Peace,overall,more fragile countries are les

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) Pandemic State fragility State fragility index Preparedness and response strengthening

The general public’s ability to operate automated external defi brillator: A controlled simulation study

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第4期11卷 238-245页

作者： Xue-jie Dong Lin Zhang Yue-lin Yu Shu-xiao Shi Xiao-chen Yang Xiao-qian Zhang Shuang Tian Helge Myklebust Guo-hong Li zhi-jie zheng School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Laerdal Medical StavangerNorway School of Public Health Peking UniversityBeijingChina

BACKGROUND:Automated external defibrillators(AEDs)enable laypeople to provide early defi brillations to patients undergoing cardiac arrest,but scant information is available on the general public’s ability to use *** study assessed the ability of laypeople to operate AEDs,the effect of a 15-minute training,and whether skills differed by ***:From May 1 to December 31,2018,a prospective simulation study was conducted with 94 laypeople aged 18–65 years(32 aged 18–24 years,34 aged 25–54 years,and 28 aged 55–65 years)with no prior AED *** participants’AED skills were assessed individually pretraining,post-training,and at a three-month follow-up using a simulated cardiac arrest *** critical actions and time intervals were evaluated during the AED operating ***:Only 14(14.9%)participants(eight aged 18–24 years,four aged 25–54 years,and two aged 55–65 years)successfully delivered defi brillations before *** operation errors were more likely to occur among the participants aged 55–65 years than among other age *** training,the proportion of successful defi brillations increased signifi cantly(18–24 years old:25.0%vs.71.9%,P<0.01;25–54 years old:11.8%vs.70.6%,P<0.01;55–65 years old:7.1%vs.67.9%,P<0.01).After three months,26.1%of the participants aged 55–65 years successfully delivered defi brillations,which was signifi cantly lower than that of participants aged 18–24 years(54.8%)and 25–54 years(64.3%)(P=0.02).There were no differences in time measures among three age groups in each ***:The majority of untrained laypeople cannot effectively operate *** frequent training and refresher courses are crucial to improve AED skills.

关键词： Automated external defi brillator Cardiac arrest General public Training Simulation

Sex differences in the association between the muscle quality index and the incidence of depression: A cross-sectional study

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第9期14卷 1335-1345页

作者： Gui-Ping Huang Li-Ping Mai zhi-jie zheng Xi-Pei Wang Guo-Dong He Institute of Medical Research Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital(Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510080Guangdong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Depression presents significant challenges to mental health *** phy-sical activity is highly beneficial to mental and physical health,relatively few stu-dies have conducted on the relationship between *** To investigate the association between muscle quality index(MQI)and incidence of *** The data used in this cross-sectional study were obtained from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey,which included informa-tion on MQI,depression,and confounding *** logistic regre-ssion models were employed,while taking into account the complex multi-stage sampling design.A restricted cubic spline model was utilized to investigate the non-linear relationship between the MQI and ***,subgroup analyses were performed to identify influential *** The prevalence of depression in this population was 8.44%.With the adjusted model,the MQI was associated with depression in females(odds ratio=0.68,95%confidence interval:0.49-0.95)but not in males(odds ratio=1.08,95%confidence interval:0.77-1.52).Restricted cubic spline adjustment of all covariates showed a significant negative non-linear relationship between depression and the MQI in *** observed trend indicated an 80%decrease in the risk of depression for each unit increase in MQI,until a value of ***,when the MQI exceeded 2.2,the prevalence of depression increased by 20%for every unit increase in the *** analyses further confirmed that the MQI was negatively associated with *** The MQI was inversely correlated with depression in females but not males,suggesting that females with a higher MQI might decrease the risk of depression.

关键词： Sex differences Muscle quality index Depression National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Population-based study

Factors associated with the utilization of diagnostic tools among countries with different income levels during the COVID-19 pandemic

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Global Health Research and Policy 2023年第1期8卷 78-86页

作者： Shuduo Zhou Xiangning Feng Yunxuan Hu Jian Yang Ying Chen Jon Bastow zhi-jie zheng Ming Xu Department of Global Health School of Public HealthPeking University38 Xue Yuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Institute for Global Health and Development Peking UniversityBeijingChina Independent Diagnostics and Health Systems Expert GenevaSwitzerland

Background Disparities in the utilization of essential medical products are a key factor contributing to inequality in health *** aimed to analyze the trends and influencing factors in using Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)diagnostic tools and disparities in countries with different income *** We conducted a cross-sectional study using open and publicly available data *** were mainly collected from the Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics,"Our World in Data,"and the Global Burden of Disease *** binomial regression model and generalized linear mixed model were employed to investigate into five sets of factors associated with the usage of diagnostics:severity of COVID-19,socioeconomic status,health status,medical service capacity,and rigidity of *** analysis was utilized to compare the relative importance of these *** Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition was used to decompose the difference in the usage of diagnostics between *** The total COVID-19 testing rate ranged from 5.13 to 22,386.63 per 1000 people from March 2020 to October 2022 and the monthly testing rate declined dramatically from January 2022 to October 2022(52.37/1000 vs 5.91/1000)..The total testing rate was primarily associated with socioeconomic status(37.84%),with every 1 standard deviation(SD)increase in Gross Domestic Product per capita and the proportion of people aged≥70,the total testing rate increased by 88%and 31%.And so is the medical service capacity(33.66%),with every 1 SD increase in health workforce density,the number increased by 38%.The monthly testing rate was primarily associated with socioeconomic status(34.72%)and medical service capacity(28.67%),and the severity of COVID-19(21.09%).The average difference in the total testing rates between high-income and low-income countries was 2726.59 per 1000 people,and 2493.43(91.45%)of the differences could be explained through the five sets of *** R

关键词： Diagnostic tools Utilization Disparity COVID-19 Pandemic

Disciplinary development of global health academic degree programs in China

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Global Health Journal 2021年第2期5卷 102-111页

作者： Lixin Sun Duan Zhao Shangzhi Xiong Angela Renne zhi-jie zheng Hao Xiang Xiaokui Guo Kun Tang Yuantao Hao Lijing L.Yan Global Health Research Center Duke Kunshan UniversityNo.8 Duke AvenueKunshanJiangsu 215316China School of Health and Related Research Regent CourtThe University of Sheffield30 Regent StreetSheffield SI 4DAUnited Kingdom School of Public Health Peking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China School of Health Sciences Wuhan UniversityNo.115 Donghn RoadWuchang DistrictWuhanHubei 430070China School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNo.227Chongqing South RoadShanghai 200025China Vanke School of Public Health Tsinghua UniversityZhangguancun North StreetHaidian DistrictBeijing 100084China School of Public Health Sun Yat-sen UniversityNo.74 Zhnngshan Second RoadGuangzhouGuangdong 510080China

This study aims to provide a brief overview of the history and development of global health education(GHE)as academic degree programs worldwide,and to identify GHE’s development opportunities and obstacles in *** is a state-of-the-art review of published and unpublished information that described and evaluated disciplinary development of global health degree programs worldwide,written in English,and published or shared between 1990 and *** were derived from official websites of leading global health institutions,like“Google Scholar”,“PubMed”,and unpublished information such as presentation files and unpublished manuscripts collected from knowledgeable leaders in the *** retrieved and reviewed a total of 35 articles and a large amount of unpublished information or sources on the *** Health emerged as a new discipline around the end of the last millennium and proliferated in the last two decades in developed nations,especially the United States and the United *** development of China’s GHE programs was built on China’s increasing engagement in global health affairs and *** 2012,Wuhan University established the first official global health department in *** universities such as Peking University and Duke Kunshan University subsequently set up departments or programs to offer undergraduate and postgraduate majors and *** first school-level global health unit was established in Shanghai in *** Consortium of Chinese Universities for Global Health(CCUGH)grew from 10 founding members in 2013 to 25 in *** desirable attributes“unique”to students majoring in global health include global-mindedness,health interests,compassion,intercultural sensitivity,and adventurous *** from GHE programs have a diverse set of career choices spanning research,government,not-for-profit,and private sector *** identified a number of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats to the future develo

关键词： Global health Education Academic degree Discipline China