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Characterization of aircraft emissions and air quality impacts of an international airport

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第10期30卷 198-207页

作者： Xiaowen Yang Shuiyuan Cheng Jianlei Lang Ran Xu zhe lv Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing Beijing 100081 China National Meteorological Center of CMA Beijing 100081 China

Beijing Capital International Airport（ZBAA） is the world＇s second busiest airport. In this study, the emissions of air pollutants from aircraft and other sources at ZBAA in 2015 were estimated using an improved method, which considered the mixing layer height calculated based on aircraft meteorological data relay（AMDAR）, instead of using the height（915 m）recommended by ICAO. The yearly emissions of NOx, CO, VOCs, SO2, and PM2.5 at the airport were 8.76 × 10^3, 4.43 × 10^3, 5.43 × 10^2, 4.80 × 10^2, and 1.49 × 10^2 ton/year, respectively. The spatial–temporal distribution of aircraft emissions was systematically analyzed to understand the emission characteristics of aircraft. The results indicated that NOxwas mainly emitted during the take-off and climb phases, accounting for 20.5% and 55.5% of the total emissions. CO and HC were mainly emitted during the taxi phase, accounting for 91.6%and 92.2% of the total emissions. Because the mixing layer height was high in summer, the emissions of aircraft were at the highest level throughout the year. Based on the detailed emissions inventory, four seasons simulation using WRF-CMAQ model was performed over the domain surrounding the airport. The results indicated that the contribution to PM2.5 was relatively high in winter; the average impact was about 1.15 μg/m3 within a radius of1 km around the airport. Meanwhile, the near surroundings and southwest areas of the airport are the most sensitive to PM2.5.

关键词： Beijing Capital International Airport Aircraft Emission inventory Air quality

Aerosol-radiation interaction and its variation in North China within 2015–2019 period under continuous PM_(2.5)improvements

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 81-94页

作者： zhe lv Xiaoqi Wang Wei Wei Huahua Bai Xiaoyu Liu Guohao Li Shuiyuan Cheng Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control Beijing 100124China Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection Beijing 100037China Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application Beijing 100037China

A study was conducted on aerosol-radiation interactions over six cities in this region within the 2015–2019 ***-Chem simulations on 2017 showed that based on the six-city average,the aerosol load(PM_(2.5)concentrations)of 121.9,49.6,43.3,and 66.3μg/m^(3)in January,April,July,and October,mainly lowered the level of downward shortwave radiation by 38.9,24.0,59.1,and 24.4 W/m~2and reduced the boundary layer height by 79.9,40.8,87.4,and 31.0 m,via scattering and absorbing solar *** sensitivity of meteorological changes to identical aerosol loads varied in the order July>January>October and ***,the cooling and stabilizing effects of aerosols further led to increases in PM_(2.5),by23.0,3.4,4.6,and 7.3μg/m^(3)respectively in the four *** sensitivity of the effect of aerosols on PM_(2.5)was greatest in January rather than in July,contrary to the effect on ***,a negative linear relation was observed between daily BLH reductions and aerosol loads in fall and winter,and between PM_(2.5)increases and aerosol loads in all *** the PM_(2.5)pollution improvements in this region,the aerosol radiative forcing was effectively *** should result in daily BLH increases of 10–24 m in fall and winter,and the estimates in Beijing agreed well with the corresponding results based on AMDAR ***,the reduction in aerosol radiation effects brought about daily PM_(2.5)decreases of 1.6-2.8μg/m^(3),accounting for 7.0%–17.7%in PM_(2.5)improvements.

关键词： Radiative forcing Aerosol PM_(2.5) Boundary layer height(BLH) North China

Protection of Mice from Lethal Endotoxemia by Chimeric Human BPI-Fcγ1 Gene Delivery

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2006年第3期3卷 221-225页

作者： Chen Li Jing Li zhe lv Xinghua Guo Qinghua Chen Qingli Kong Yunqing An Department of Microbiology ＆ Immunology Capital University of Medical Sciences Beijing China China Rehabilitation Research Center Institue of Basic Medical Sciences Beijing 100077 China

To evaluate the potentiality of applying gene therapy to endotoxemia in high-risk patients, we investigated the effects of transferring an adeno-associated virus serotype 2 （AAV2）-mediated BPI-Fcγ1 gene on protecting mice from challenge of lethal endotoxin. The chimeric BPI-Fcγ1 gene consists of two parts, one encods functional N-terminus （1 to 199 amino acidic residues） of human BPI, which is a bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein, and the other encodes Fc segment of human immunoglobulin G1 （Fcγ1）. Our results indicated that the target protein could be expressed and secreted into the serum of the gene-transferred mice. After lethal endotoxin challenge, the levels of endotoxin and TNF-a in the gene-transferred mice were decreased. The survival rate of the BPI-Fcγ1 gene-transferred mice was markedly increased. Our data suggest that AAV2-mediated chimeric BPI-Fcγ1 gene delivery can potentially be used clinically for the protection and treatment of endotoxemia and endotoxic shock in high-risk individuals. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2006;3（3）：221-225.

关键词： BPI-Fcγ1 AAV2 gene therapy minimal lethal dose (MLD)

Analysis of Transition Mechanism of Cubic Boron Nitride Single Crystals under High Pressure-High Temperature with Valence Electron Structure Calculation

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Chinese Physics Letters 2019年第1期36卷 10-13页

作者： Mei-zhe lv Bin Xu Li-Chao Cai Feng Jia Xing-Dong Yuan School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong Jianzhu University

The possibilities of hexagonal boron nitride(hBN) and lithium boron nitride(Li_3BN_2) transition into cubic boron nitride(cBN) under synthetic pressure 5.0 GPa and synthetic temperature 1700 K are analyzed with the use of the empirical electron theory of solids and molecules. The relative differences in electron density are calculated for dozens of bi-phase interfaces hBN/cBN, Li_3BN_2/cBN. These relative differences of hBN/cBN are in good agreement with the first order of approximation(<10%), while those of Li_3BN_2/cBN are much greater than 10%.This analysis suggests that Li_3BN_2 is impossible to be intermediate phase but is a catalyst and cBN should be directly transformed by hBN.

关键词： Transition Mechanism Cubic Boron Valence Electron Structure Calculation

Ion association tailoring SEI composition for Li metal anode protection

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第6期29卷 1-6,I0001页

作者： Yitao He Yaohui Zhang Peng Yu Fei Ding Xifei Li Zhihong Wang zhe lv Xianjie Wang Zhiguo Liu Xiqiang Huang School of Physics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001HeilongjiangChina Beijing Aerospace Technology Institute The Third Academy of CASCBeijing 100074China Science and Technology on Power Sources Laboratory Tianjin Institute of Power SourcesTianjin 300384China Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048ShaanxiChina Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon&Environmental Materials(CDLCEM) Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001HenanChina

Electrolyte additives play an important role in suppressing lithium dendrites through tailoring the composition/property of the SEI,however lacking of additives can achieve high performances both in ether and carbonate electrolytes hinders further enhancement of the high voltage lithium^-metal ***,lithium perchlorate(LiClO4)has been presented as an excellent additive to meet the above *** optimized chemical composition of SEI can be achieved through the formation of ionic *** results indicate that the LiClO4 behaves like a catalyst,which promotes LiTFSI to form a better SEI to inhibit further *** coulombic efficiencies and cycling performances were obtained both in ether and carbonate *** study paves a new pathway for designing bi-soluble additives for safe lithium metal batteries.

关键词： Ion association Lithium metal Electrolyte additive

Protection of Immuno-Compromised Mice from Lethal Infection of Klebsiella pneumonia by rAAV2-BPI23-Fcγ1 Gene Transfer

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2008年第6期5卷 439-445页

作者： Jing Li Qingli Kong zhe lv Yuanzhi Guan Yong Qiu Chen Li Mingjie Sun zhenlong Liu Yunqing An Department of Immunology Capital Medical University Beijing 100069China Laboratory Department Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing 100020China Department of Microbiology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences ChineseAcademy of Medical Sciences ＆ Peking Union Medical College Beijing100005 China Laboratory Department Beijing Shijitan Hospital Beijing 100038 China China Rehabilitation Center Institute of Medical Sciences Beijing 100077China

In previous research, chimerical BPI23-Fcy1 gene which consisted of human bactericidal/permeability increasing protein （BPI） gene of encoding the functional N terminus （amino acid residues 1 to 199） of human BPI and Fcy1 gene of encoding the Fc segment of human immunoglobulin G1 was successfully reconstructed within a recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 （rAAV2） vector as rAAV2-BPI23-Fcy1. Here, to evaluate the potentiality of applying gene therapy to gram negative bacterial （GNB） infection in high-risk patients, we investigated protection of immuno-compromised mice and immunocompetent mice from challenge with minimal lethal dose （MLD） Klebsiella pneumonia infection after rAAV2-BPI23-Fcy1 gene transferred. The results showed that the survival rate of rAAV2-BPI23-Fcy1 transferred immunocompetent mice as well as immuno-compromised mice （40.0% and 44.4%, respectively） were significant higher than that of corresponding control mice （6.7% and 4.4%, respectively）; the bacteria counting, level of endotoxin and proinflammatory cytokines in the rAAV2-BP123-Fcy1 transferred immuno-compromised mice were markedly lower than that of rAAV2-EGFP and rAAV2-Null transferred immuno- compromised mice. Our data suggest that rAAV2-BPI23-Fcy1 gene transferring offered immuno-compromised mice with resistance against GNB infection, so it is quite potential in preventing GNB infection of clinical high-risk patients. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2008;5（6）：439-445.

关键词： rAAV2 BPI immuno-compromised mouse Klebsiella pneumonia gene transfer

Current State of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for Allergic Diseases

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Engineering 2021年第11期7卷 1552-1556页

作者： Yan Chen Wei Wang Huihui Yuan Yan Li zhe lv Ye Cui Jie Liu Sun Ying Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China

Allergic disease is one of the most common chronic diseases,which can affect both children and adults,be often caused by allergen-induced unfavorable immune responses,and initiate various symptoms in different organs,including up-/low-airways and skin,such as asthma,atopic dermatitis,and *** increasing prevalence of allergic disease worldwide and their impact on the quality of life,new biological therapeutic approaches for these disorders become hot areas of intensive *** factors are involved and play important role in the pathogenesis of allergic disease,which can promote or trigger T helper 2(Th2)-type immune responses,leading to production of the type 2 cytokines and immunoglobulin E(IgE),the two critical events in the allergic *** monoclonal antibodies to target these molecules,therefore,might provide possible benefits for the patients suffered from these *** of those having approved biologics for allergic diseases,some potential targets such as epithelial-derived alarmins thymic stromal lymphopoietin(TSLP)and interleukin 33(IL-33)have been also described and proposed to develop monoclonal antibodies against either these cytokines,their receptors,or *** new and potential targets have substantially enriched the therapeutic opportunities in the field of allergic *** present review aims to briefly outline the role of monoclonal antibodies targeting the cytokines and immunoglobulin involved in the development of allergic diseases,and to discuss the clinical effects of these antibodies.

关键词： Allergic disease Monoclonal antibody Anti-IgE Cytokines Clinical trials

Kinetics of the accumulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells in IL-33-induced and IL-25-induced murine models of asthma:a potential role for the chemokine CXCL16

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第1期16卷 75-86页

作者： Yan Li Shihao Chen Yafei Chi Yiran Yang Xiwen Chen Huating Wang zhe lv Jingjing Wang Linjie Yuan Ping Huang Kewu Huang Chris JCorrigan Wei Wang Sun Ying Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingP.R.China Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalCapital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Respiratory MedicineBeijingChina Faculty of Life Sciences&Medicine School of Immunology and Microbial SciencesAsthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaKing’s College LondonLondonUK

ILC2s are implicated in asthma pathogenesis, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying their accumulation in *** investigated the time course of ILC2 accumulation in different tissues in murine models of asthma induced by a serial per-nasalchallenge with ovalbumin (OVA), house dust mice (HDM), IL-25 and IL-33 and explored the potential roles of ILC2-attractingchemokines in this phenomenon. Flow cytometry was used to enumerate ILC2s at various time points. The effects of cytokines andchemokines on ILC2 migration were measured in vitro using a chemotaxis assay and in vivo using small animal imaging. Comparedwith saline and OVA challenge, both IL-25 and IL-33 challenge alone induced significant accumulation of ILC2s in the mediastinallymph nodes, lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of challenged animals, but with a distinct potency and kinetics. In vitro,IL-33 and CXCL16, but not IL-25 or CCL25, directly induced ILC2 migration. Small animal in vivo imaging further confirmed that asingle intranasal provocation with IL-33 or CXCL16 was sufficient to induce the accumulation of ILC2s in the lungs followinginjection via the tail vein. Moreover, IL-33-induced ILC2 migration involved the activation of ERK1/2, p38, Akt, JNK and NF-κB, whileCXCL16-induced ILC2 migration involved the activation of ERK1/2, p38 and Akt. These data support the hypothesis that epitheliumderived IL-25 and IL-33 induce lung accumulation of ILC2s, while IL-33 exerts a direct chemotactic effect in this process. AlthoughILC2s express the chemokine receptors CXCR6 and CCR9, only CXCL16, the ligand of CXCR6, exhibits a direct chemoattractanteffect.

关键词： ILC2s Asthma Accumulation IL-33 IL-25 Chemokine

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汽爆柳枝稷乙醇发酵残留物两步厌氧消化研究

太阳能学报 2016年第10期37卷 2682-2687页

作者：白龙吕喆吕途杜济良杨秀山田沈首都师范大学生命科学学院北京100048

为探究木质纤维素乙醇发酵残留物厌氧消化产甲烷性能,以汽爆柳枝稷高底物乙醇发酵残留物为底物,通过甲烷相出水回流至酸化相的方式进行厌氧消化产甲烷研究。结果表明:乙醇发酵残留物可有效进行甲烷生产,通过回流方式,酸化相内过多的挥... 详细信息

为探究木质纤维素乙醇发酵残留物厌氧消化产甲烷性能,以汽爆柳枝稷高底物乙醇发酵残留物为底物,通过甲烷相出水回流至酸化相的方式进行厌氧消化产甲烷研究。结果表明:乙醇发酵残留物可有效进行甲烷生产,通过回流方式,酸化相内过多的挥发酸注入到甲烷相中,甲烷相的出水回流至酸化相,平衡酸化相及甲烷相内的pH值和挥发酸的浓度,提高系统运行稳定性,进而提高厌氧消化效率和甲烷产量。随着甲烷相出水不断地循环至酸化相,甲烷相内的产甲烷菌群也被加入到酸化相内,产甲烷菌群的不断增加、pH值逐渐升高、甲烷含量逐渐上升,使酸化相内产酸菌与产甲烷菌群逐渐趋于平衡,酸化相逐渐向甲烷化发展,并最终转变为产甲烷相。500 mL发酵残留物经厌氧消化,共产生48 L沼气,其中甲烷28.8 L,甲烷产率277 mL/g COD,COD去除率达90%,甲烷含量约60%。

关键词：柳枝稷乙醇发酵残留物厌氧消化甲烷