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格格不入——论徐悲鸿《广西三杰》

美术研究 2024年第2期 58-69页

作者：张涛中央美术学院 100102

徐悲鸿于1936年绘制巨幅画作《眺望》(后改名《广西三杰》)(图1),属于其人物画作之中极为少见的直接参与现实政治的创作题材。画面描绘了当时把持广西军政界的三位核心领导人物,从左至右依次为黄旭初、李宗仁、白崇禧(图2)。徐悲鸿采用... 详细信息

徐悲鸿于1936年绘制巨幅画作《眺望》(后改名《广西三杰》)(图1),属于其人物画作之中极为少见的直接参与现实政治的创作题材。画面描绘了当时把持广西军政界的三位核心领导人物,从左至右依次为黄旭初、李宗仁、白崇禧(图2)。徐悲鸿采用源自欧洲古典历史题材绘画中的经典金字塔构图,突出了画面主题人物的稳定感与秩序感。画中三位主角均为军装衣着,胯下骏马脚踩鲜花草甸,背景采自极具广西地貌特色,很可能是以李宗仁早年起兵逡巡过的“六万大山”^([1])一类自然风景加以变形而成。画面中黄、李、白三人倚山纵马英姿勃发,同时眺望远方,以脸部光影可见所视之处即为光明所在,画面整体被塑造成一种颇具“纪念碑”意味的视觉效果。以徐悲鸿“一意孤行”的秉性气质,他决然不是那种喜欢为当时中国的政治人物“树碑立传”的“御用画手”。同时以徐悲鸿学成归国后的言行所见,其言论与图绘的关注焦点,大体还是以艺术界为主。

关键词：白崇禧李宗仁黄旭初金字塔徐悲鸿秩序感英姿勃发关注焦点

人工智能治理中“基于风险的方法”:理论、实践与反思

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华中科技大学学报（社会科学版） 2024年第2期38卷 66-77页

作者：张涛中国政法大学数据法治研究院中国政法大学数字社会治理研究院

以生成式人工智能为代表的新一轮人工智能技术带来了一系列规制挑战,而传统的“基于权利的方法”难以有效因应。“基于风险的方法”主张根据人工智能所带来的不同类型和等级的风险,采取相应的治理措施和方式,平衡技术创新与有效治理的... 详细信息

以生成式人工智能为代表的新一轮人工智能技术带来了一系列规制挑战,而传统的“基于权利的方法”难以有效因应。“基于风险的方法”主张根据人工智能所带来的不同类型和等级的风险,采取相应的治理措施和方式,平衡技术创新与有效治理的关系。这是一种符合人工智能风险特性和发展规律的治理方法,以风险社会、适应性治理和回应性规制等理论为指引,以风险识别与分析、风险评估与分类、风险控制与监督、风险沟通与参与作为制度构成。在基于风险的人工智能治理实践中,欧盟、美国和中国分别采取“自上而下模式”“自下而上模式”“混合模式”,并取得了初步成效。然而,人工智能治理中“基于风险的方法”也面临批判和质疑,应当构建多元共治的人工智能风险治理体系,并建立动态适应的人工智能风险治理机制,同时搭建开放协作的人工智能风险治理平台。

关键词：人工智能基于风险的方法回应性规制风险社会

Distinct molecular targets of ProEGCG from EGCG and superior inhibition of angiogenesis signaling pathways for treatment of endometriosis

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2024年第1期14卷 100-114页

作者： Sze Wan Hung Massimiliano Gaetani Yiran Li Zhouyurong Tan Xu Zheng Ruizhe zhang Yang Ding Gene Chi Wai Man tao zhang Yi Song Yao Wang Jacqueline Pui Wah Chung Tak Hang Chan Roman A.Zubarev Chi Chiu Wang Department of Obstetrics&Gynaecology The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Division of Physiological Chemistry I Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSE 17177Sweden Chemical Proteomics Core Facility Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSE 17177Sweden Unit of Chemical Proteomics Science for Life Laboratory(SciLifeLab)StockholmSE 17177Sweden Center for Reproductive Medicine Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and GeneticsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450003China Department of Chemistry McGill UniversityMontrealH3A2K6Canada Department of Pharmacological&Technological Chemistry I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscow119146Russia Reproduction and Development Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Endometriosis is a common chronic gynecological disease with endometrial cell implantation outside the *** is a major pathophysiology in *** previous studies have demonstrated that the prodrug of epigallocatechin gallate(ProEGCG)exhibits superior anti-endometriotic and anti-angiogenic effects compared to epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG).However,their direct binding targets and underlying mechanisms for the differential effects remain *** this study,we demonstrated that oral ProEGCG can be effective in preventing and treating ***,1D and 2D Proteome Integral Solubility Alteration assay-based chemical proteomics identified metadherin(MTDH)and PX domain containing serine/threonine kinase-like(PXK)as novel binding targets of EGCG and ProEGCG,*** simulation and BioLayer interferometry were used to confirm their binding *** results showed that MTDH-EGCG inhibited protein kinase B(Akt)-mediated angiogenesis,while PXK-ProEGCG inhibited epidermal growth factor(EGF)-mediated angiogenesis via the EGF/hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF-1a)/vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)*** vitro and in vivo knockdown assays and microvascular network imaging further confirmed the involvement of these signaling ***,our study demonstrated that ProEGCG has superior therapeutic effects than EGCG by targeting distinct signal transduction pathways and may act as a novel antiangiogenic therapy for endometriosis.

关键词： Molecular targets ProEGCG EGCG Angiogenesis Treatment Endometriosis

Influence of Lightning Disaster on Cities and Lightning Defense Measures

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2024年第3期15卷 65-67页

作者： Pei WANG tao zhang Tengge er WU Xiangjun zhang Ulanqab Meteorological Bureau Ulanqab 012000China Huade Meteorological Bureau Ulanqab 013350China Xilinhot Meteorological Bureau Xilinhot 026000China

Under the influence of special terrain and climatic conditions,lightning weather in Ulanqab City is more frequent from June to August,and lightning disaster has become one of the important tasks of disaster prevention and *** this paper,based on the characteristics of lightning weather in Ulanqab City,the impact of lightning disaster on the city was analyzed,and lightning protection measures,such as strengthening supervision of lightning protection safety,establishing a long-term lightning protection mechanism,doing a good job in lightning protection construction and detection in key places,and further improving public awareness of lightning protection,were put forward to reduce and avoid urban lightning disasters as much as possible and ensure urban safety.

关键词： Lightning characteristics Disaster impact City Lightning protection measures

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基于稀土层状化合物制备透明陶瓷研究进展

硅酸盐学报 2024年第3期52卷 1100-1116页

作者：郭皓张涛朱琦东北大学沈阳材料科学国家研究中心东北大学联合研究分部沈阳110819 东北大学材料各向异性与织构教育部重点实验室沈阳110819

稀土层状氢氧化物在保留无机层状化合物离子交换性、可插层性及可剥离性的基础上,拥有稀土离子独特的光、电、磁及催化性能,具有广泛的应用场景,是近年来无机层状化合物研究的热点。本文围绕稀土层状氢氧化物(LRHs)的研究发展历程,主要... 详细信息

稀土层状氢氧化物在保留无机层状化合物离子交换性、可插层性及可剥离性的基础上,拥有稀土离子独特的光、电、磁及催化性能,具有广泛的应用场景,是近年来无机层状化合物研究的热点。本文围绕稀土层状氢氧化物(LRHs)的研究发展历程,主要综述了LRHs的结构特性、可控合成和纳米片剥离,以及现阶段在透明陶瓷及薄膜制备中的应用,重点关注基于LRHs制备陶瓷材料技术的发展及优越性,总结了LRHs及其作为前驱体制备的功能陶瓷的结构及物化特性,展望了未来LRHs高效合成及结构设计的研究方向,为今后LRHs在更多领域的规模化应用提供参考。

关键词：稀土层状氢氧化物纳米片剥离透明陶瓷透明陶瓷薄膜

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粗糙度和轴向运动对艉轴承混合润滑性能的影响

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哈尔滨工程大学学报 2024年第6期45卷 1058-1065页

作者：杨琨张涛韩冰武汉理工大学交通与物流工程学院湖北武汉430063 上海船舶运输科学研究所有限公司上海200135

针对大型船舶航行过程中出现船体变形时艉轴承的磨损状态异常这一问题,本文探究磨损表面粗糙度变化和轴向运动对于艉轴承混合润滑性能的影响,建立了耦合轴向运动和表面粗糙度的混合润滑模型,通过数值模拟得到轴承润滑特征的分布,分析轴... 详细信息

针对大型船舶航行过程中出现船体变形时艉轴承的磨损状态异常这一问题,本文探究磨损表面粗糙度变化和轴向运动对于艉轴承混合润滑性能的影响,建立了耦合轴向运动和表面粗糙度的混合润滑模型,通过数值模拟得到轴承润滑特征的分布,分析轴向运动和粗糙度对轴承混合润滑特性的影响,并对该润滑模型进行验证。计算结果表明:在轴向运动和轴颈倾斜耦合作用下,油膜厚度沿轴向方向非线性减小,油膜压力和接触压力在局部出现峰值,轴瓦在局部出现较大变形;轴向速度增加会加强动压润滑效应,轴向运动对润滑特性的影响程度随着倾角的增大而增加;粗糙度越大承载能力越强,同时接触情况越严重,会加速轴承的局部磨损。

关键词：船舶艉轴承混合润滑轴向运动粗糙度局部接触轴颈倾斜润滑性能数值模型

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Recent advances in probiotics oral delivery systems targeting the inflammatory bowel disease: Types， mechanisms and perspectives

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Yaxin Yin Xiaoqun Zeng Zhen Wu Qiwei Du tao zhang Daodong Pan Ming Du Maolin Tu State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products Ningbo University Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition College of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University School of Food Science and Technology National Engineering Research Center of Seafood Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing Dalian Polytechnic University

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) influences several million people around the globe， with a high prevalence in North America and Europe. Results from the studies about host-gut microbial interactions demonstrated that gut microbiota plays a critical role in the progression of IBD， and probiotics can significantly improve microflora dysbiosis and inflammatory response caused by intestinal pathogens. However， several limitations existed for the probiotics delivered to the intestine in the free form (non-encapsulated)， such as low pH and diverse digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract， etc. To overcome the problems， several probiotic delivery systems were established and verified with effects. Here， the types and applications of probiotics in animal models and clinical studies are firstly reviewed in this paper. Subsequently， various types of probiotic delivery systems are elaborated， containing the well-known microcapsules and hydrogel delivery systems， and the engineered probiotic delivery systems are also introduced. Furthermore， mechanism of action associated with probiotics are illustrated， including maintaining gut microbiota barrier balance， modulating the immune response， and alleviating oxidative stress， etc. Finally， we discussed the relative advantages and disadvantages of different encapsulation methods， as well as future trends for further development of probiotic delivery systems with health benefits.

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乡村振兴背景下中西部教育人才专业发展的课程设计与实施路径

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上海教育科研 2024年第4期 42-47页

作者：张涛上海市教师教育学院 200234

2021年3月,全国脱贫攻坚取得胜利。上海对口支援中西部地区教育帮扶工作取得圆满成功,上海市教师教育学院交流协作部门荣获中共中央、国务院先进集体称号。乡村振兴背景下,如何激发中西部教师的学习内驱力,巩固脱贫攻坚阶段取得的成果,... 详细信息

2021年3月,全国脱贫攻坚取得胜利。上海对口支援中西部地区教育帮扶工作取得圆满成功,上海市教师教育学院交流协作部门荣获中共中央、国务院先进集体称号。乡村振兴背景下,如何激发中西部教师的学习内驱力,巩固脱贫攻坚阶段取得的成果,形成适合当地社会、经济、文化发展需求的本土经验,是上海对口支援中西部地区教育高质量发展的核心任务。基于该任务的阶段性历史使命,以脱贫攻坚阶段的成果即上海教学成果奖为基础,研究和激发中西部教师专业成长的源动力,培养中西部地区的“大先生”。

关键词：中西部地区教育人才乡村振兴培训模式

Efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation for treatment of ulcerative colitis:A post-consensus systematic review and metaanalysis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第21期12卷 4691-4702页

作者： Jin-tao zhang Nan zhang Xue-tao Dong Xiao-Ran Wang Hong-Wen Ma Yan-Di Liu Mu-Ran Li Department of Clinical Medicine School of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Department of Gastroenterology Tianjin Union Medical CenterTianjin 300122China

BACKGROUND Numerous studies have assessed the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)as a therapy for ulcerative colitis(UC).However,the treatment processes and outcomes of these studies *** To evaluate the efficacy and safety of FMT for treating UC by conducting a systematic *** The inclusion criteria involved reports of adult patients with UC treated with FMT,while studies that did not report clinical outcomes or that included patients with infection were *** remission(CR)and endoscopic remission(ER)were the primary and secondary outcomes,*** We included nine studies retrieved from five electronic *** FMT group had better CR than the control group[relative risk(RR)=1.53;95%confidence interval(CI):1.19-1.94;P<0.0008].ER was statistically significantly different between the two groups(RR=2.80;95%CI:1.93-4.05;P<0.00001).Adverse events did not differ significantly between the two *** FMT demonstrates favorable performance and safety;however,well-designed randomized clinical trials are still needed before the widespread use of FMT can be ***,standardizing the FMT process is urgently needed for improved safety and efficacy.

关键词： Fecal microbiota transplantation Randomized clinical trials Remission Ulcerative colitis Meta-analysis