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Risks of temperature extremes over China under 1.5℃ and 2℃ global warming

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第3期11卷 172-184页

作者： SHI Chen JIANG zhi-Hong ZHU Lian-Hua Xuebin zhang YAO Yi-Yi Laurent LI Laboratory of Research for Middle-High Latitude Circulation System and East Asian Monsoon Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Meteorology&Climate ChangeInstitute of Meteorological Sciences of Jilin ProvinceChangchun130062China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment ChangeCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisasterNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Mathematics and Statistics Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Climate Research Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaTorontoOntario M3H 5T4Canada Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique CNRSSorbonne UniversitéEcole Normale SupérieureEcole PolytechniqueParis75005France

The Paris Agreement aims to keep global warming to well below 2℃ above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5℃,recognizing this will reduce the risks of natural disasters *** changes in the risks of temperature extremes are often associated with changes in the temperature probability distribution,further analysis is still needed to improve understanding of the warm extremes over *** this study,changes in the occurrence probability of temperature extremes and statistic characteristics of the temperature distribution are investigated using the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5)multimodel simulations from 1861 to *** risks of the once-in-100-year TXx and TNx events are projected to increase by 14.4 and 31.4 times at 1.5℃ ***,the corresponding risks under 2℃ global warming are 23.3 and 50.6,implying that the once-in-100-year TXx and TNx events are expected to occur about every 5 and 2 years over China,*** Tibetan Plateau,Northwest China and south of the Yangtze River are in greater risks suffering hot extremes(both day and night extremes).Changes in the occurrence probability of warm extremes are generally well explained by the combination of the shifts in location and scale parameters in areas with grown variability,i.e.,the Tibetan Plateau for TXx,south of the Yangtze River for both TXx and *** location(scale)parameter leading the risks of once-in-20-year TXx to increase by more than 5(0.25)and 3(0.75)times under 2℃ warming in the Tibetan Plateau and south of the Yangtze River,*** location parameter is more important for regions with decreased variability e.g.,the Tibetan Plateau for TNx,Northwest China for both TXx and TNx,with risks increase by more than 3,6 and 4 times due to changes in location.

关键词： 1.5℃and 2℃global warming Temperature extremes Risk ratios GEV CMIP5

Three-dimensional crustal velocity structure and activity characteristics of the Madoi Ms7.4 earthquake in 2021

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Applied Geophysics 2022年第4期19卷 590-602,605页

作者： Ma Yong zhang Hai-Jiang Gao Lei and Chen zhi-Gang Tianjin Earthquake Agency Tianjin 300201China School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037China

In this paper,using natural earthquake P-wave arrival time data recorded by the seismic network in the surrounding area of Madoi,the three-dimensional fine P-wave crustal velocity structure at depths above 60 km in the epicenter of the Madoi Ms7.4 earthquake was inverted using the double-difference seismic tomography *** the basis of the relocation of the source of the aftershock sequence,we summarized the strip-shaped distribution characteristics along the strike of the Jiangcuo fault,revealing the significant heterogeneity of the crustal velocity structure in the source *** has found that most of the Madoi Ms7.4 aftershocks were located in the weak area of the high-speed anomaly in the upper *** focal depth changed with the velocity structure,showing obvious fluctuation and segmentation *** was a good correspondence between the spatial distribution and the velocity *** high-velocity bodies of the upper crust in the hypocenter area provided a medium environment for earthquake rupture,the low-velocity bodies of the middle crust formed the deep material,and the migration channel and the undulating shape of the high-speed body in the lower crust corroborated the strong pushing action in the *** results confirmed that under the continuous promotion of tectonic stress in the Madoi area,the high-speed body of the Jiangcuo fault blocked the migration of weak materials in the middle *** the stress accumulation exceeded the limit,the Madoi Ms7.4 earthquake ***,the nonuniform velocity structure near the fault plane determined the location of the main shock and the spatiotemporal distribution of the aftershock sequence.

关键词： Madoi Ms7.4 earthquake double-difference tomography 3D velocity structure seismic activity characteristics

Cellular model of neuronal atrophy induced by DYNC111 deficiency reveals protective roles of RAS-RAF-MEK signaling

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Protein & Cell 2016年第9期7卷 638-650页

作者： zhi-Dong Liu Su zhang Jian-Jin Hao Tao-Rong Xie Jian-Sheng Kang Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism Institute for Nutritional Sciences Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200231 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Neuronal atrophy is a common pathological feature occurred in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. A variety of abnormalities including motor protein mal- function and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to the loss of neuronal architecture; however, less is known about the intracallular signaling pathways that can pro- tect against or delay this pathogenic process. Here, we show that the DYNClll deficiency, a neuron-specific dynein intermediate chain, causes neuronal atrophy in primary hippocampal neurons. With this cellular model, we are able to find that activation of *** signaling protects against neuronal atrophy induced by DYNClll deficiency, which relies on MEK-dependent autophagy in neuron. Moreover, we further reveal that BRAF also protects against neuronal atrophy induced by mitochondrial impairment. These findings demon- strate protective roles of the RAS-RAF-MEK axis against neuronal atrophy, and imply a new therapeutic target for clinical intervention.

关键词： RAS-RAF-MEK pathway atrophy dyneinintermediate chain mitochondria hippocampal neuron,autophagy

QTL-seq analysis of the seed size trait in grape provides new molecular insights on seedlessness

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第10期21卷 2910-2925页

作者： WANG Li zhang Song-lin JIAO Chen LI zhi LIU Chong-huai WANG Xi-ping State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/College of Horticulture Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China College of Horticulture Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001P.R.China Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou 450000P.R.China Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China

Seedlessness in grape(Vitis vinifera)is an important commercial trait for both the fresh and drying ***,despite numerous studies,the mechanisms and key genes regulating grape seedlessness are mostly *** this study,we sequenced the genomes of the *** seeded cultivar‘Red Globe’,the seedless cultivar‘Centennial Seedless’,and the derived *** single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were identified by genome sequencing and analyzed using published transcriptome *** SNPs occurred in genes related to seed development,which were identified as protein kinases,transcription factors,and cytochrome P450 s and showed differential expression during ovule development in both seeded and seedless *** nonsynonymous SNP-associated genes were mainly involved in biological processes such as hormone balance,seed coat and endosperm development,reproductive organ development,oxidation and reduction,senescence and cell death.A potential quantitative trait locus(QTL)region associated with seed size was characterized based on the SNP-index,and expression analysis of candidate genes in the QTL region during ovule development in multiple seeded and seedless grape cultivars were *** SNPs were further subjected to SNa Pshot analysis and one SNP in G8 showed 67.5%efficiency in the grape progeny ***,the data obtained in this study shed light on the differences in seed development between seeded and seedless progeny at the genomic level,which provides valuable resources for future functional studies and grape breeding.

关键词： grape genome QTL-seq seedless SNP

Suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 via RNA interference inhibits pancreatic carcinoma cell invasiveness and adhesion

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第9期15卷 1072-1078页

作者： Ying-Hui zhi Mao-Min Song Pi-Lin Wang Tie zhang Zi-Yi Yin Department of General Surgery Affiliated Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100050 China

AIM:To investigate the inhibitory effects of RNA interference (RNAi) on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) gene and invasiveness and adhesion of human pancreatic cancer cell line,***:RNAi was performed using the vector (pGPU6)-based small interference RNA (siRNA) plasmid gene silence system to specifically knock down MMP-2 expression in pancreatic cancer cell line,BxPC-3. Four groups of different specific target sequence in coding region of MMP-2 and one non-specific sequence were chosen to construct four experimental siRNA plasmids of pGPU6-1,pGPU6-2,pGPU6-3 and pGPU6-4,and one negative control siRNA plasmid of pGPU6 (-). MMP-2 expression was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and flow cytometry,respectively. The abilities of adhesion and invasion were detected by cell adhesion assay and cell invasion assay using Transwell ***:The expression of MMP-2 was inhibited and the inhibitory effects of different sequence varied. pGPU6-1 group had the most efficient inhibitory effect,followed by pGPU6-2 and pGPU6-3 *** and adhesion were more significantly reduced in pGPU6-1,pGPU6-2 and pGPU6-3 groups as compared with pGPU6 (-) and blank control groups. However,no difference concerning cell proliferation and apoptosis was observed after transfection between experiment groups and control ***:RNAi against MMP-2 successfully inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-2 in the pancreatic cancer cell line,BxPC-3,leading to a potent suppression of tumor cell adhesion and invasion without affecting cell proliferation and apoptosis. These findings suggest that the RNAi approach towards MMP-2 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for the clinical management of pancreatic tumor.

关键词： Pancreatic neoplasm Tumor metastasis Matrix metalloproteinase-2 Small interfering RNA Tumor invasiveness

An active piggyBac-like element in Macdunnoughia crassisigna

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Insect Science 2008年第6期15卷 521-528页

作者： Min Wu zhi-Chan Sun Chun-Lin Hu Gu-Feng zhang Zhao-Jun Han Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Disease and Insects Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Tongzhou Station of Plant Protection Tongzhou Jiangsu Province China

In this paper, a highly conservedpiggyBac-like sequence, designated as McrPLE was cloned from a lepidopteran insect, Macdunnoughia crassisigna. It is 2 472 bp long in full length with a single open reading frame and encodes a 595 amino acid transposase. It shares identical terminal and sub-terminal repeats with T. ni IFP2 and is flanked by the typical TTAA target-site duplications. Alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that McrPLE had greater than 99.5% identity and appeared to be the closest one in phylogeny to IFP2 among the PLEs so far found in various species. Plasmid-based excision and transposition assay proved it was mobile in cell culture. Otherwise, McrPLE element and all other highly conserved IFP2 sequences reported previously were found to share three common nucleotide substitutions. This suggests that the original IFP2 may be a related variant of a predecessor element that became widespread. The existence of nearly identical piggyBac sequence in reproductively isolated species was thought also a strong indication of horizontal transmission, which raises important considerations for the stability and practical use ofpiggyBac transformation vectors.

关键词： piggyBac-like element (PLE) Macdunnoughia crassisigna transposon

Characteristics of Early Cretaceous wildfires in peat-forming environment, NE China

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2019年第3期8卷 238-250页

作者： Shuai Wang Long-Yi Shao zhi-Ming Yan Ming-Jian Shi Yun-He zhang College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)

Inertinite maceral compositions in coals from the Early Cretaceous Erlian, Hailar, and Sanjiang Basins in NE China are analyzed in order to reveal palaeowildfire events and palaeoclimate variations. Although huminite is the dominant maceral group in the studied basins, the inertinite group, as a byproduct of palaeowildfires, makes up a considerable proportion. Occurrence of inertinite macerals indicates that wildfires were widespread and frequent,and supports the opinion that the Early Cretaceous was a "high-fire" interval. Inertinite contents vary from 0.2% to 85.0%, mostly within the range of 10%–45%, and a model-based calculation suggests that the atmospheric oxygen levels during the Aptian and Albian(Early Cretaceous) were around 24.7% and 25.3% respectively. Frequent fire activity during Early Cretaceous has been previously related to higher atmospheric oxygen concentrations. The inertinite reflectance, ranging from 0.58%Ro to 2.00%Ro, indicates that the palaeowildfire in the Early Cretaceous was dominated by ground fires, partially reaching-surface fires. These results further support that the Cretaceous earliest angiosperms from NE China were growing in elevated O2 conditions compared to the present day.

关键词： Inertinite Coal Wildfire Palaeo-atmospheric oxygen level Angiosperm Early Cretaceous NE China

Association of Red Meat Usual Intake with Serum Ferritin and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults: A Longitudinal Study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2020年第1期33卷 19-29页

作者： HUANG Li Na WANG Hui Jun WANG zhi Hong zhang Ji Guo JIA Xiao Fang zhang Bing DING Gang Qiang National Institute for Nutrition and Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China

Objective The present study aimed to investigate the association of red meat usual intake with metabolic syndrome(Met S),and explore the contribution of red meat usual intake to serum *** Based on the data from the longitudinal China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS),2,797 healthy adults aged 18–75 years without hypertension,diabetes,and Met S were selected in 2009 as subjects and follow-up studies were carried out till *** used the National Cancer Institute(NCI)method to estimate the usual intake of *** logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the association between red meat usual intake and the risk of Met *** regression analysis was used to study the relationship between red meat consumption and serum ferritin *** After adjusting for potential confounders,red meat,and fresh red meat were positively associated with the risk of Met S(RR=1.41,95%CI:1.05–1.90 and RR=1.37,95%CI:1.02–1.85,respectively).These relationships showed increasing trend(P<0.05).The level of serum ferritin increased significantly with the number of Met S components(P<0.05).The quantile regression analysis showed that red meat and fresh red meat usual intake had a significant positive association with serum ferritin levels across the entire conditional serum ferritin distribution(P<0.05).Processed red meat did not exhibit a similar *** Higher red meat usual intake was associated with an increased risk of Met S and elevated serum ferritin levels.

关键词： Usual intake Red meat Metabolic syndrome Serum ferritin

Molecular Gas Distribution around the Supernova Remnant G40.5-0.5

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2006年第2期6卷 210-216页

作者： Ji Yang Jie-Long zhang zhi-Yong Cai Deng-Rong Lu You-Heng Tan Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High-Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012

The distribution of dense molecular gas around the supernova rem- nant G40.5-0.5 has been investigated by radio spectroscopic observations in the CO （J=1 - 0） transition. The molecular gas is found to extend over the entire region of G40.5-0.5. A molecular shell, with a diameter of ～ 26′, coincides with the ionized gas as revealed by the cm-radio observations. This coincidence, along with the velocity discontinuity following the shell, provides direct evidence for interaction between the ionized gas and the dense molecular gas. No clear evidence for cosmic-ray accelera- tion can be identified from this SNR as previously suggested, due to positional uncertainty in relating the SNR shell defined by CO to the EGRET gamma-ray sources, GRO J1904＋06, from the gamma-ray observations.

关键词： ISM: supernova remnant - ISM: clouds - radio lines: ISM- super novae: individual (G40.5-0.5)