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Design of antiviral AGO2-dependent short hairpin RNAs

Virologica Sinica 2024年第4期39卷 645-654页

作者： Bie Y. zhang j. Chen j. zhang Y. Huang M. zhang L. Zhou X. Qiu Y. Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China School of Life Sciences Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 China

The increasing emergence and re-emergence of RNA virus outbreaks underlines the urgent need to develop effective antivirals. RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific gene silencing mechanism that is triggered by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), which exhibits significant promise for antiviral therapy. AGO2-dependent shRNA (agshRNA) generates a single-stranded guide RNA and presents significant advantages over traditional siRNA and shRNA. In this study, we applied a logistic regression algorithm to a previously published chemically siRNA efficacy dataset and built a machine learning-based model with high predictive power. Using this model, we designed siRNA sequences targeting diverse RNA viruses, including human enterovirus A71 (EV71), Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus 2 (DENV2), mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and transformed them into agshRNAs. We validated the performance of our agshRNA design by evaluating antiviral efficacies of agshRNAs in cells infected with different viruses. Using the agshRNA targeting EV71 as an example, we showed that the anti-EV71 effect of agshRNA was more potent compared with the corresponding siRNA and shRNA. Moreover, the antiviral effect of agshRNA is dependent on AGO2-processed guide RNA, which can load into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). We also confirmed the antiviral effect of agshRNA in vivo. Together, this work develops a novel antiviral strategy that combines machine learning-based algorithm with agshRNA design to custom design antiviral agshRNAs with high efficiency. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： AgshRNA Antiviral strategy Machine learning model

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Continued evolution of H10N3 influenza virus with adaptive mutations poses an increased threat to mammals

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第4期39卷 546-555页

作者： Ding S. Zhou j. Xiong j. Du X. Yang W. Huang j. Liu Y. Huang L. Liao M. zhang j. Qi W. State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory Guangzhou 510642 China Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Guangzhou 510642 China National and Regional j.int Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control Guangzhou 510642 China College of Animal Science and Technology Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou 510550 China Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510642 China State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China

The H10 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) poses an ongoing threat to both birds and humans. Notably, fatal human cases of H10N3 and H10N8 infections have drawn public attention. In 2022, we isolated two H10N3 viruses (A/chicken/Shandong/0101/2022 and A/chicken/Shandong/0603/2022) from diseased chickens in China. Genome analysis revealed that these viruses were genetically associated with human-origin H10N3 virus, with internal genes originating from local H9N2 viruses. Compared to the H10N8 virus (A/chicken/j.angxi/102/2013), the H10N3 viruses exhibited enhanced thermostability, increased viral release from erythrocytes, and accumulation of hemagglutinin (HA) protein. Additionally, we evaluated the pathogenicity of both H10N3 and H10N8 viruses in mice. We found that viral titers could be detected in the lungs and nasal turbinates of mice infected with the two H10N3 viruses, whereas H10N8 virus titers were detectable in the lungs and brains of mice. Notably, the proportion of double HA Q222R and G228S mutations in H10N3 viruses has increased since 2019. However, the functional roles of the Q222R and G228S double mutations in the HA gene of H10N3 viruses remain unknown and warrant further investigation. Our study highlights the potential public health risk posed by the H10N3 virus. A spillover event of AIV to humans could be a foretaste of a looming pandemic. Therefore, it is imperative to continuously monitor the evolution of the H10N3 influenza virus to ensure targeted prevention and control measures against influenza outbreaks. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Avian influenza virus (AIV) Evolution H10N3 Pathogenicity

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Advances and applications in spatial transcriptomics

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j.urnal of Molecular Science 2024年第2期40卷 95-106页

作者： Sun Y. Yu N. zhang j. State Key Laboratory of Supermolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China

Spatial transcriptomics is an organizational study done on tissue sections that preserves the spatial information of the sample. Spatial transcriptomics aims to combine spatial information with gene expression data to quantify the mRNA expression of a large number of genes in the spatial context of tissues and cells. As a paradigm shift in biological research, spatial transcriptomics can provide both spatial location information and transcriptome-level cellular gene expression data, elucidating the interactions between cells and the microenvironment. From the understanding of the entire functional life cycle of RNA to the characterization of molecular mechanisms to the mapping of gene expression in various tissue regions, by choosing the appropriate spatial transcriptome technology, researchers can achieve a deeper exploration of biological developmental processes, disease pathogenesis, etc. In recent years, the field of spatial transcriptomics has ushered in several challenges along with its rapid development, such as the dependence on sample types, the resolution of visualized genes, the difficulty of commercialization, and the ability to obtain detailed single-cell information. In this paper, we summarize and review the four maj.r categories of spatial transcriptome technologies and compare and analyze the technical advantages and maj.r challenges of multiple research strategies to assist current experimental design and research analysis. Finally, the importance of spatial transcriptomics in the integration of multi-omics nalysis and disease modeling as well as the future development prospects are summarized and outlined. © 2024, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University. All rights reserved.

关键词： multi-omics omics technology spatial position spatial transcriptomics

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Regulation of Power Conversion in Fuel Cells

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2004年第4期20卷 466-469页

作者： zhang j. K. Scott School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle upon TyneSchool of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK NE1 7RU UK

Here we report a regulation about power conversion in fuel cells. This regulation is expressed as that total power produced by fuel cells is always proportional to the square of the potential difference between the \{equilibrium\} potential and work potential. With this regulation we deduced fuel cell performance equation which can describe the potential *** current performance curves, namely, polarization curves of fuel cells with three power source parameters: equilibrium potential E_0; internal resistance R; and power conversion coefficient K. The concept of the power conversion coefficient is a new criterion to evaluate and compare the characteristics and capacity of different fuel cells. The calculated values obtained with this equation agree with practical performance of different types of fuel cells.

关键词： Fuel cell Power conversion coefficient Internal resistance Performance Potential

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Metal Dusting-Mechanisms and Preventions

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中国腐蚀与防护学报 2009年第4期29卷 262-276页

作者： j. Q. zhang D. j. YOUNG School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

Metal dusting attacks iron,low and high alloy steels and nickel-or cobalt-base alloys by disintegrating bulk metals and alloys into metal particles in a coke *** occurs in strongly carburising gas atmospheres(carbon activity a_C>1) at elevated temperatures(400℃～1000℃).This phenomenon has been studied for decades,but the detailed mechanism is still not well *** methods of protection against metal dusting are either directed to the process conditions-temperature and gas composition-or to the development of a dense adherent oxide layer on the surface of the alloy by selective ***,metal dusting still occurs by carbon dissolving in the base metal via defects in the oxide *** research work at UNSW is aimed at determining the detailed mechanism of metal dusting of both ferritic and austenitic alloys,in particular the microprocesses of graphite deposition,nanoparticle formation and underlying metal *** work was carried out using surface observation,crosssection analysis by focused ion beam and electron microscopic examination of coke deposits at different stages of the *** was found that surface orientation affected carbon deposition and metal dusting at the initial stage of the *** dusting occurred only when graphite grew into the metal interior where the volume expansion is responsible for metal disintegration and *** was also found that the metal dusting process could be significantly changed by alterations in alloy *** was found to affect the iron dusting process by destabilising Fe_3C but increasing the rate of carbon deposition and dusting,which questions the role of cementite in ferritic alloy *** adding copper to iron did not change the carburisation kinetics,cementite formation and coke morphology,copper alloying reduced nickel and nickel-base alloy dusting rates *** of these fundamental results to the dusting behaviour of engineering al

关键词：金属腐蚀氧化防护机械装置

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Deformation behaviors of Cu bicrystals with an inclined twin boundary at multiple scales

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j.urnal of Materials Science & Technology 2017年第7期33卷 698-702页

作者： L.L.Li Z.j.zhang P.zhang j.Tan j.B.Yang Z.F.zhang Shenyaag National Laboratory for Materials Science lastitute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyaag 110016 China

Cu bicrystals of different sizes with a sole twin boundary（TB） inclined at 45？with respect to the loading direction were deformed under unidirectional and cyclic loading, respectively. It is found that the slip bands（SBs） parallel to the TB can be activated near the TB at all scales without obeying the Schmid＇s *** is concerned with the local stress enhancement in the macroscale while it is more closely related to the scarce dislocation sources in the microscale. Moreover, a wedge-shaped zone formed near the TB in the microscale ascribed to the limited specimen size.

关键词： Bicrystal Micropillar Twin boundary Schmid factors Size effect

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Simulating canopy stomatal conductance of winter wheat and its distribution using remote sensing information

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j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2001年第4期13卷 439-443页

作者： zhang, j.-h. Fu, C.-b. Kanzawa, H. START Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The canopy stomatal movement, a plant physiological process, generally occurs within leaves but its influence on exchange of CO2, water vapor, and sensible heat fluxes between atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystem. Many studies have documented that the interaction between leaf photosynthesis and canopy stomatal conductance is obvious. Thus, information on stomatal conductance is valuable in climate and ecosystem models. In current study, a newly developed model was adopted to calculate canopy stomatal conductance of winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai (H-H-H) Plain of China (31.5 - 42.7°N, 110.0 - 123.0°E). The remote sensing information from NOAA-AVHRR and meteorological observed data were used to estimate regional scale stomatal conductance distribution. Canopy stomatal conductance distribution pattern of winter wheat on March 18, 1997 was also presented. The developed canopy stomatal conductance model might be used to estimate canopy stomatal conductance in land surface schemes and seems can be acted as a boundary condition in regional climatic model runs.

关键词： Carbon dioxide Data reduction Ecosystems Heat flux Meteorology Photosynthesis Physiology Plants (botany) Remote sensing Vapors

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Polar Coronal Holes During Solar Cycles 22 and 23

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Chinese j.urnal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2005年第5期5卷 531-538页

作者： j.n zhang j. Woch S. Solanki National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 Max-Planck-Institut fiir Sonnensystemforschung Katlenburg-Lindau D-37191 Germany

Data from the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer （SWICS） on Ulysses and synoptic maps from Kitt Peak are used to analyze the polar coronal holes of solar activity cycles 22 and 23 （from 1990 to end of 2003）. In the beginning of the declining phase of solar cycles 22 and 23, the north polar coronal holes （PCHs） appear about one year earlier than the ones in the south polar region. The solar wind velocity and the solar wind ionic charge composition exhibit a characteristic dependence on the solar wind source position within a PCH. From the center toward the boundary of a young PCH, the solar wind velocity decreases, coinciding with a shift of the ionic charge composition toward higher charge states. However, for an old PCH, the ionic charge composition does not show any obvious change, although the latitude evolution of the velocity is similar to that of a young PCH.

关键词： Sun: coronal - Sun: particle emission - Sun: solar wind

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INVESTIGATION ON THE FORMATION MECHANISM OF TITANIUM CARBIDE PREPARED BY IN SITU REACTION IN MOLTEN ALUMINUM

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1997年第6期10卷 485-488页

作者： Yang, B. Wang, Y.Q zhang, j. Zhou, B.L. Inst of Metal Research Chinese Acad of Sciences Shenyang China

A novel technique in which TiC particulate are prepared by an in situ reaction in molten aluminum was introduced for producing TiC/Al composite. In order to reveal the characteristics of the technique, the formation mechanism of TiC particulate prepared by this method was studied. Both theoretical and experimental results show that the TiC particulate is formed by a diffusion mechanism when the molar fraction of aluminum in the preforms is higher than 20.02%. On the contrary, the TiC particulate is formed by a solution-precipitation mechanism when the fraction of aluminum in the preforms is lower than 20.02%.

关键词： Aluminum metallurgy In situ processing Metallic matrix composites Titanium carbide

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益智

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分子植物育种 2024年第2期22卷 701-701页

作者：张洁刘楚楚

益智(Alpinia oxyphylla)是姜科(Zingiberaceae)山姜属(Alpinia)多年生草本植物,主要分布在海南、广东,近年来也在云南和福建等地开始种植,多生长或栽培在林下阴湿的环境中。益智始载于《本草拾遗》中,其果实名唤益智仁,采摘晒干后可入...

益智(Alpinia oxyphylla)是姜科(Zingiberaceae)山姜属(Alpinia)多年生草本植物,主要分布在海南、广东,近年来也在云南和福建等地开始种植,多生长或栽培在林下阴湿的环境中。益智始载于《本草拾遗》中,其果实名唤益智仁,采摘晒干后可入药,根据《本草拾遗》记载,益智仁有“止呕哕……治遗精虚漏,小便余沥,益气安神,补不足,利三焦,调诸气”的功效。根据国家卫生健康委、国家市场监督管理总局发布的文件《按照传统既是食品又是中药材物质目录》,益智仁在限定使用范围和剂量内可作为药食两用。

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