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土壤 2010年第2期42卷 323-327页

作者：龚子同张甘霖土壤与农业持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所) 南京210008

文章从竺可桢的科学成就,对发展我国土壤科学的作用以及其优良学风三方面介绍他的贡献。

关键词：杰出的科学家气候学地理学土壤学

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雨花台红土的磁化率特征及其古环境意义

土壤 2008年第1期40卷 110-113页

作者：袁大刚张甘霖土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所)

本文以江苏省南京市雨花台红土作为研究对象,进行野外形态观察及室内磁化率、游离氧化铁和颗粒组成的测定,结果表明,土壤剖面按形态可自上而下依次划分为黄棕色土层、红棕色土层和网纹红土层3大层段;低频磁化率呈黄棕色土层>红棕色土层... 详细信息

本文以江苏省南京市雨花台红土作为研究对象,进行野外形态观察及室内磁化率、游离氧化铁和颗粒组成的测定,结果表明,土壤剖面按形态可自上而下依次划分为黄棕色土层、红棕色土层和网纹红土层3大层段;低频磁化率呈黄棕色土层>红棕色土层>网纹红土层的特点,网纹红土层和红棕色土层的游离氧化铁和游离度均高于上部黄棕色土层,指示红色土层有更强的风化成土作用;网纹红土层100μm颗粒的增加,进一步表明其经历了更强烈的风化成土作用。因此,雨花台红土剖面自下而上低频磁化率逐渐升高,反映的是气候由湿热向温凉转变的总体特征。

关键词：南京红土磁化率氧化铁气候变化

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美国土壤系统分类最新修订

土壤 2005年第2期37卷 136-139页

作者：袁大刚张甘霖土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所) 南京210008

通过美国《土壤系统分类检索》第9版与第8版和《土壤系统分类》第2版的比较,概括其最新进展:3个诊断土层和2个诊断特性作了修订;高级分类级别增加4个亚纲、12个土类、42个亚类,主要是永冻Gel-土类;土族土系具强烈对比的颗粒大小级别鉴... 详细信息

通过美国《土壤系统分类检索》第9版与第8版和《土壤系统分类》第2版的比较,概括其最新进展:3个诊断土层和2个诊断特性作了修订;高级分类级别增加4个亚纲、12个土类、42个亚类,主要是永冻Gel-土类;土族土系具强烈对比的颗粒大小级别鉴别特征增3个去1个;剖面描述的基本发生层增加1个,特性发生层3个,等等。在此基础上分析提出了对中国土壤系统分类的几点建议:持之以恒开展研究、完善诊断层和诊断特性、继续人为土研究和加强组织建设等。

关键词：土壤系统分类修订建议

Integrability and solutions of a nonsymmetric discrete Korteweg-de Vries equation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第2期76卷 45-50页

作者： Maebel Mesfun Da-jun zhang Song-lin Zhao Department of Mathematics Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Newtouch Center for Mathematics of Shanghai University Shanghai 200444China Department of Applied Mathematics Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310023China

In this paper,we present Lax pairs and solutions for a nonsymmetric lattice equation,which is a torqued version of the lattice potential Korteweg-de Vries *** nonsymmetric equation is special in the sense that it contains only one spacing parameter but consists of two consistent cubes with other integrable lattice *** such a multidimensionally consistent property we are able to derive its two Lax pairs and also construct solutions using B?cklund transformations.

关键词： discrete Korteweg-de Vries equation nonsymmetric multi-dimensional consistency Backlund transformation solution

Worm-like micelles facilitate the intestinal mucus diffusion and drug accumulation for enhancing colorectal cancer therapy

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第6期35卷 427-432页

作者： Yihan Zhou Duo Gao Yaying Wang Li Liang Qingyu zhang Wenwen Han Jie Wang Chunliu Zhu Xinxin zhang Yong gan State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China School of Chinese Materia Medica Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients National Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijing 100050China School of Pharmacy Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China

Local delivery of nanoparticles holds promise for colorectal cancer(CRC)***,the presence of the mucus layer on the epithelium poses a significant challenge to drug delivery,thereby adversely affecting treatment *** is crucial to develop efficient drug delivery carriers that can effectively overcome mucus barriers to treat colorectal ***,we utilized poly(1,4-butadiene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)polymers to prepare four distinct geometries of polymeric micelles,namely linear micelles(LMs),worm-like micelles(WLMs),large spherical micelles(LSMs),and small spherical micelles(SSMs)to investigate the influence of shape effects on overcoming colonic mucosal *** found that the carriers exhibited diverse shapes while maintaining comparable physicochemical *** these,WLMs had an aspect ratio similar to segmented filamentous bacteria,which exhibited superior mucus penetration ability,leading to prolonged drug release kinetics and faster entry into epithelial cells compared to ***,rectally administrated 10-hydroxycamptothecin-loaded WLMs traversed the colorectal mucus in orthotopic CRC nude mice model,penetrated and accumulated within tumor tissue,and effectively aggregated within cancer cells,thereby inducing significantly robust antitumor outcomes in *** findings underscore the significance of shape design in overcoming colonic mucosal absorption barriers,offering a novel approach for the development of drug delivery carriers tailored for effective tumor therapy.

关键词： Worm-like micelles Mucus penetration Shape dependent Transmucosal delivery Colorectal cancer

Band-like transport in solution-processed perylene diimide dianion films with high Hall mobility

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National Science Review 2024年第5期11卷 264-271页

作者： Yanhua Jia Qinglin Jiang Hanlin gan Bohan Wang Xiandong He Jiadong Zhou Zetong Ma Jiang zhang Yuguang Ma Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Department of Physics South China University of Technology

It is crucial to prepare high-mobility organic polycrystalline film through solution ***,the delocalized carrier transport of polycrystalline films in organic semiconductors has rarely been investigated through Hall-effect *** study presents a strategy for building strong intermolecular interactions to fabricate solution-crystallized p-type perylene diimide（PDI） dianion films with a closer intermolecular π-π stacking distance of 3.25 ?.The highly delocalized carriers enable a competitive Hall mobility of 3 cm2V-1s-1,comparable to that of the reported high-mobility organic single *** PDI dianion films exhibit a high electrical conductivity of 17 S cm-1and typical band-like transport,as evidenced by the negative temperature linear coefficient of mobility proportional to T-3/*** work demonstrates that,as the intermolecular π-π interactions become strong enough,they will display high mobility and conductivity,providing a new approach to developing high-mobility organic semiconductor materials.

关键词： band-like transport dianion aggregates Hall mobility solution-processed perylene diimide

Crosstalk among mitophagy,pyroptosis,ferroptosis,and necroptosis in central nervous system injuries

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1660-1670页

作者： Li zhang Zhigang Hu Zhenxing Li Yixing lin Department of Neurosurgery Jinling HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina

Central nervous system injuries have a high rate of resulting in disability and mortality;however,at present,effective treatments are *** cell death,which is a genetically determined fo rm of active and ordered cell death with many types,has recently attra cted increasing attention due to its functions in determining the fate of cell survival.A growing number of studies have suggested that programmed cell death is involved in central nervous system injuries and plays an important role in the progression of brain *** this review,we provide an ove rview of the role of programmed cell death in central nervous system injuries,including the pathways involved in mitophagy,pyroptosis,ferroptosis,and necroptosis,and the underlying mechanisms by which mitophagy regulates pyroptosis,ferroptosis,and necro *** also discuss the new direction of therapeutic strategies to rgeting mitophagy for the treatment of central nervous system injuries,with the aim to determine the connection between programmed cell death and central nervous system injuries and to identify new therapies to modulate programmed cell death following central nervous system *** conclusion,based on these properties and effects,interventions targeting programmed cell death could be developed as potential therapeutic agents for central nervous system injury patients.

关键词： central nervous system injuries death pyroptosis ferroptosis inflammation mitophagy necroptosis programmed cell

Cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease induced by hypertension

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1454-1462页

作者： Weipeng Wei Denglei Ma lin Li Lan zhang Department of Pharmacy Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System DrugsNational Center for Neurological DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesBeijingChina

Hypertension is a primary risk factor for the progression of cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel disease,the most common cerebrovascular *** r,the causal relationship between hypertension and cerebral small vessel disease remains *** has substantial negative impacts on brain health and is recognized as a risk factor for cerebrovascular *** hypertension and lifestyle factors are associated with risks for stro ke and dementia,and cerebral small vessel disease can cause dementia and *** is the main driver of cerebral small vessel disease,which changes the structure and function of cerebral vessels via various mechanisms and leads to lacunar infarction,leukoaraiosis,white matter lesions,and intracerebral hemorrhage,ultimately res ulting in cognitive decline and demonstrating that the brain is the to rget organ of *** review updates our understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertensioninduced cerebral small vessel disease and the res ulting changes in brain structure and function and declines in cognitive *** also discuss drugs to treat cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairment.

关键词： blood-brain barrier cerebral small vessel disease cognitive impairment dementia endothelial dysfunction enlarged perivascular space hypertension lacunar infarction neuroinflammation treatment white matter high signal intensity

Theoretical understanding of correlation between magnetic phase transition and the superconducting dome in high-Tc cuprates

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第2期67卷 167-173页

作者： Chen zhang Cai-Xin zhang Su-Huai Wei Haiqing lin Hui-Xiong Deng State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing 100193China

Many issues concerning the origin of high-temperature superconductivity(HTS)are still under *** example,how the magnetic order varies with doping and its relationship with the superconducting temperature(Tc);and why Tcalways peaks near the quantum critical *** this paper,taking hole-doped La_(2)CuO_(4)as a classical example,we employ the first-principles band structure and total energy calculations with Monte Carlo simulations to explore how the symmetry-breaking magnetic ground state evolves with hole doping and the origin of a dome-shaped superconductivity region in the phase *** demonstrate that the local antiferromagnetic order and doping play key roles in determining the electron-phonon coupling,thus ***,the La_(2)CuO_(4)possesses a checkerboard local antiferromagnetic ground *** the hole doping increases,Tcincreases with the enhanced electron-phonon coupling *** as the doping increases further,the strength of the antiferromagnetic interaction weakens and spin fluctuation *** the critical doping level,a magnetic phase transition occurs that reduces the local antiferromagnetism-assisted electron-phonon coupling,thus diminishing the *** superconductivity disappears in the heavily overdoped region when the ferromagnetic order *** observations could account for why cuprates have a dome-shaped superconductivity region in the phase *** study,thus,contributes to a fundamental understanding of the correlation between doping,local magnetic order,and superconductivity of HTS.

关键词： high-temperature superconductivity antiferromagnetic order electron-phonon coupling doping effect cuprates

Unified Classification and Rejection:A One-versus-all Framework

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第5期21卷 870-887页

作者： Zhen Cheng Xu-Yao zhang Cheng-lin Liu State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China

Classifying patterns of known classes and rejecting ambiguous and novel(also called as out-of-distribution(OOD))inputs are involved in open world pattern *** neural network models usually excel in closed-set classification while perform poorly in rejecting OOD *** tackle this problem,numerous methods have been designed to perform open set recognition(OSR)or OOD rejection/detection *** methods mostly take post-training score transformation or hybrid models to ensure low scores on OOD inputs while separating known *** this paper,we attempt to build a unified framework for building open set classifiers for both classification and OOD *** formulate the open set recognition of K-known-class as a(K+1)-class classification problem with model trained on known-class samples *** decomposing the K-class problem into K one-versus-all(OVA)binary classification tasks and binding some parameters,we show that combining the scores of OVA classifiers can give(K+1)-class posterior probabilities,which enables classification and OOD rejection in a unified *** maintain the closed-set classification accuracy of the OVA trained classifier,we propose a hybrid training strategy combining OVA loss and multi-class cross-entropy *** implement the OVA framework and hybrid training strategy on the recently proposed convolutional prototype network and prototype classifier on vision transformer(ViT)*** on popular OSR and OOD detection datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework,using a single multi-class classifier,yields competitive performance in closed-set classification,OOD detection,and misclassification *** code is available at https://***/zhen-cheng121/CPN_OVA_unified.

关键词： Open set recognition out-of-distribution detection misclassification detection convolutional prototype network oneversus-all Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence