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Policies that Pull

China Today 2024年第10期73卷 44-47页

作者： zachary G.LUNDQUIST 不详

Beneficiaries look at the rules and regulations that have improved foreigners’lives and working conditions in China.

关键词： China. regulations lives

Policies That Pull:Beneficiaries look at the rules and regulations improving living and working conditions for expats in China

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Beijing Review 2024年第43期67卷 36-37页

作者： zachary G.Lundquist China Today

Now in his early 7Os,Raja Magasweran,from his home office in Beijing,still spends much of his time working on projects for the companies he helps start."The first time I set foot on Chinese soil was in October 1974,when I arrived from Sri *** one year of studying Chinese at the Beijing Language Institute(now Beijing Language and Culture University),I went to the Northeast Institute of Technology(now Northeastern University in Liaoning Province)for the next four years of study,"said Magasweran,Managing Director and co-founder of China Business Associates Inc.

关键词： companies Director Northeast

Spastin and alsin protein interactome analyses begin to reveal key canonical pathways and suggest novel druggable targets

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 725-739页

作者： Benjamin R.Helmold Angela Ahrens zachary Fitzgerald P.Hande Ozdinler Department of Neurology Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery Center for Developmental TherapeuticsChemistry of Life Processes InstituteNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Feinberg School of Medicine Les Turner ALS Center at Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA

Developing effective and long-term treatment strategies for rare and complex neurodegenerative diseases is challenging. One of the major roadblocks is the extensive heterogeneity among patients. This hinders understanding the underlying disease-causing mechanisms and building solutions that have implications for a broad spectrum of patients. One potential solution is to develop personalized medicine approaches based on strategies that target the most prevalent cellular events that are perturbed in patients. Especially in patients with a known genetic mutation, it may be possible to understand how these mutations contribute to problems that lead to neurodegeneration. Protein–protein interaction analyses offer great advantages for revealing how proteins interact, which cellular events are primarily involved in these interactions, and how they become affected when key genes are mutated in patients. This line of investigation also suggests novel druggable targets for patients with different mutations. Here, we focus on alsin and spastin, two proteins that are identified as “causative” for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and hereditary spastic paraplegia, respectively, when mutated. Our review analyzes the protein interactome for alsin and spastin, the canonical pathways that are primarily important for each protein domain, as well as compounds that are either Food and Drug Administration–approved or are in active clinical trials concerning the affected cellular pathways. This line of research begins to pave the way for personalized medicine approaches that are desperately needed for rare neurodegenerative diseases that are complex and heterogeneous.

关键词： ALS2 alsin amyotrophic lateral sclerosis hereditary spastic paraplegia neurodegenerative diseases personalized medicine precision medicine protein interactome protein-protein interactions SPAST spastin

A Review of Biochemical Processes and Techniques for Soil Stabilization and Resilience

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2024年第1期14卷 40-54页

作者： Jonathan A. Metuge zachary N. Senwo Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Alabama A & M University Normal USA

Biochemical, chemical, and mechanical, techniques have been employed to enhance soil resilience for decades. While the use of mechanical techniques requires transporting huge amounts of soil materials, the cement used in chemical techniques may lead to increase atmospheric carbon dioxide. Numerous studies indicate that biochemical techniques may be less expensive, cost effective, and environmentally friendly. Biopolymers and enzymes derived from microorganisms have been suggested as biological enhancers in strengthening and fortifying soils used for earthen structures. Lime and other treatment techniques used as biobased materials have been shown to be less effective for stabilizing soils. Here, we review biochemical processes and techniques involved in the interactions of soil enzymes, microorganisms, microbial extracellular polymeric substances, and other biopolymers with soil particles, and the challenges and strategies of their use as biobased materials for stabilizing soils. This review provides their impacts on various soil properties and the growth potentials of agricultural crops. .

关键词： Biochemical Earthen Structures Soil Resilience Biopolymers Soil Enzymes Agriculture Microorganisms Extracellular Polymeric Substances

Evaluation of Ruminal Dry Matter Disappearance and pH of Dry Corn, High-Moisture Corn, and Rye under in Vitro Conditions

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 327-332页

作者： Warren Carl Rusche zachary Kidd Foster Smith South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA

An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of grain type on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and pH using ruminal fluid and a buffer reagent. Five beef cows were used for ruminal fluid collection and ruminal fluid was pooled prior to use. The cows used for ruminal fluid collection were maintained on a forage-based diet (60:40 forage to concentrate) for 28 d prior to ruminal fluid collection. Three grain types were evaluated: 1) dry corn (89% dry matter;DRC), 2) high-moisture corn (72% dry matter;HMC) and 3) rye (89% dry matter;RYE). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design. A total of twenty-one replications of each grain type were used for statistical analysis (n = 63 tubes total). IVDMD was greater (P ≤ 0.05) by 97.1% and 46.4% for RYE compared to DRC and HMC, respectively. Additionally, IVDMD was greater (P = 0.05) by 34.6% for HMC compared to DRC. Final pH was decreased (P ≤ 0.05) for RYE by 12.3% and 2.8% for RYE compared to DRC and HMC, respectively. Also, final pH was decreased (P = 0.05) by 9.8% for HMC compared to DRC. These data indicate that corn harvest method (dry vs. high-moisture) influences IVDMD and final pH and that rye has a greater disappearance of dry matter and lower final pH than corn under in vitro conditions.

关键词： Corn Grain Processing Ruminal Fermentation Rye

Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis in a Strong Acidic Environment Using Cationic Surfactants

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第4期2卷 129-137页

作者： zachary Adler Xiao Zhang Guangxia Feng Yaping Shi Peng Zhu Yang Xia Xiaonan Shan Haotian Wang Rice University Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringHoustonTexas 77005United States University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringHoustonTexas 77004United States

The two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e^(−)-ORR)can be exploited for green production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),but it still suffers from low selectivity in an acidic electrolyte when using non-noble metal ***,inspired by biology,we demonstrate a strategy that exploits the micellization of surfactant molecules to promote the H_(2)O_(2)selectivity of a low-cost carbon black catalyst in strong acid *** surfactants near the electrode surface increase the oxygen solubility and transportation,and they provide a shielding effect that displaces protons from the electric double layer(EDL).Compared with the case of a pure acidic electrolyte,we find that,when a small number of surfactant molecules were added to the acid,the H_(2)O_(2)Faradaic efficiency(FE)was improved from 12%to 95%H_(2)O_(2)under 200 mA cm^(−2),suggesting an 8-fold *** in situ surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)and optical microscopy(OM)studies suggest that,while the added surfactant reduces the electrode’s hydrophobicity,its micelle formation could promote the O_(2) gas transport and its hydrophobic tail could displace local protons under applied negative potentials during catalysis,which are responsible for the improved H_(2)O_(2)selectivity in strong acids.

关键词： electrocatalysis hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis oxygen reduction reaction interfacial engineering surfactant CTAB

Leptomeningeal metastases in prostate cancer:A review of the current literature

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Current Urology 2024年第3期18卷 159-166页

作者： Umar Durrani Kasem Rifai Maha Arshad Awais Paracha Ekamjit Deol Maria Paracha Fatima Waheed Zohair Siddiqui Ali Abid Esed Mustafic Wilson Rodriguez zachary Hamilton Saint Louis University School of Medicine Saint LouisMOUSA University of Missouri School of Medicine ColumbiaMOUSA University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVAUSA New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine Old WestburyNYUSA Saint Louis University Saint LouisMOUSA Department of Neurology Saint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA Division of Urology Department of SurgerySaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA

Leptomeningeal metastasis/leptomeningeal carcinomatosis(LMC;terms used interchangeably)is an inflammatory complication of primary tumors that involves the spread of the disease to the meninges(specifically the arachnoid and pia maters)and spinal *** the United States,approximately 110,000 new cases are diagnosed each year,and the prognosis is usually *** of LMC include cognitive impairment,cranial nerve dysfunction,ischemic stroke,and *** survival times of untreated and treated LMC are approximately 4–6 weeks and 2–4 months,*** carcinomatoses are usually metastatic cancers that spread to the central nervous *** lung and breast cancers have a clearly defined relationship with LMC,it remains unclear whether prostate cancer(PC)is also directly associated with *** determine whether such association exists,we conducted a PubMed review of the literature on patients with PC with coexisting *** search yielded 23 case reports of patients with preexisting PC who developed *** addition,2 retrospective cohort studies were *** findings were identified in the revised cases and *** first 3 findings were related to the progression of the disease:patients presenting with neurological disease symptoms were in remission from PC for 7 years on average,LMCs tended to occur after other cancer diagnoses,and the disease had already rapidly progressed by the time the symptoms were *** diagnosis,the major finding was that most LMCs were detected by magnetic resonance imaging(which does not detect early dissemination),and it was suggested that single-photon emission computed tomography or positron emission tomography imaging could be used for earlier ***,in terms of treatment,the main finding was that treatment was palliative rather than curative and that prognosis remained poor despite *** the basis of these results,we recommend for individuals with risk facto

关键词： Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis Prostate cancer Prostate cancer metastasis

A Rare Case of Aortic Valve Endocarditis and Acute Meningitis Due to Haemophilus influenzae

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2024年第6期13卷 207-211页

作者： zachary M. Visinoni Justin D. Tse Christopher F. Pease Department of Graduate Medical Education Internal Medicine Residency Sutter Roseville Medical Center Roseville USA Sutter Medical Group Roseville USA

HACEK organisms represent a rare but important group of causative pathogens in endocarditis. These bacteria have historically been associated with culture-negative endocarditis;however, modern laboratory techniques have made this less common. In this case, we present a 74-year-old man who presented with acute onset altered mentation, fever, and sepsis. He was ultimately found to have Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, cerebral empyema, aortic valve endocarditis, psoas myositis, and L2 - L3 diskitis with osteomyelitis. Although HACEK organisms are commonly found in the oropharynx and upper respiratory tract in humans, our patient did not report recent preceding dental or ENT procedures. H. influenzae is responsible for approximately 0.16% of all cases of bacterial endocarditis, representing a very limited subset. Although generally considered low virulent pathogens, this case demonstrates the unusual extent of infection from a HACEK organism, H. influenzae, causing aortic valve endocarditis as well as atypical non-cardiac sequelae, including acute meningitis.

关键词： HACEK Haemophilus influenzae Aortic Valve Endocarditis Bacterial Meningitis Cerebral Empyema

Evaluation of Rhizobium tropici-Derived Extracellular Polymeric Substances on Selected Soil Properties, Seed Germination, and Growth of Black-Eyed Peas (Vigna unguiculata)

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 548-564页

作者： Jonathan Alunge Metuge Erneste Havugimana Jean Rugandirababisha zachary N. Senwo Marie Chantal Mutimawurugo Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Alabama A & M University Normal AL USA Department of Crop Science College of Agriculture Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Rwanda (UR-CAVM) Kigali Rwanda

Rhizobium tropici-derived extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have been used in soils to enhance soil structures and mitigate soil erosions. However, information on their use to improve soil health and fertility indicators, and plant growth is limited. In a greenhouse study, we investigated their effects on some soil health, soil fertility indices, and the growth of black-eyed peas (Vigna unguiculate). Results showed that soils incubated with EPS significantly increased basal soil respiration, soil microbial biomass, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POC), and potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN). The EPS shifted microbial populations from bacteria to fungi and Gram (−ve) to Gram ( ve) bacteria. However, it had little or no effects on soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The EPS decreased soil moisture loss, increased soil aggregate stability, but delayed blacked-eyed peas germinations in the soils. At 0.1% (w/w) concentrations in soils, there was increase in plant root nodulations and vegetative growth. This study was carried out within 40 days of incubating soils with EPS or growing the black-eyed peas in a greenhouse study. The plant growth parameters were taken before flowering and fruiting. Further studies of the effects of incubating soils with the extracellular polymeric substances on plant growth. Soil microbial biomass, microbial diversities, and other soil fertility indices are deemed necessary.

关键词： Rhizobium tropici Extracellular Polymeric Substances Soil Respiration Soil Microbial Biomass Black-Eyed Peas