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Sparse-Grid Im.lem.ntation of Fixed-Point Fast Sweeping WENO Schem.s for Eikonal Equations

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Com.unications on Applied m.them.tics and Com.utation 2024年第1期6卷 3-29页

作者： zachary m.m.ksis Yong-Tao Zhang Departm.nt of Applied and Com.utational m.them.tics and Statistics University of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA

Fixed-point fast sweeping m.thods are a class of explicit iterative m.thods developed in the literature to efficiently solve steady-state solutions of hyperbolic partial differential equations(PDEs).As other types of fast sweeping schem.s,fixed-point fast sweeping m.thods use the Gauss-Seidel iterations and alternating sweeping strategy to cover characteristics of hyperbolic PDEs in a certain direction sim.ltaneously in each sweeping *** resulting iterative schem.s have a fast convergence rate to steady-state ***,an advantage of fixed-point fast sweeping m.thods over other types of fast sweeping m.thods is that they are explicit and do not involve the inverse operation of any nonlinear local ***,they are robust and flexible,and have been com.ined with high-order accurate weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)schem.s to solve various hyperbolic PDEs in the *** m.ltidim.nsional nonlinear problem.,high-order fixed-point fast sweeping WENO m.thods still require quite a large am.unt of com.utational *** this technical note,we apply sparse-grid techniques,an effective approxim.tion tool for m.ltidim.nsional problem.,to fixed-point fast sweeping WENO m.thods for reducing their com.utational ***,we focus on fixed-point fast sweeping WENO schem.s with third-order accuracy(Zhang et al.2006[41]),for solving Eikonal equations,an im.ortant class of static Ham.lton-Jacobi(H-J)*** experim.nts on solving m.ltidim.nsional Eikonal equations and a m.re general static H-J equation are perform.d to show that the sparse-grid com.utations of the fixed-point fast sweeping WENO schem.s achieve large savings of CPU tim.s on refined m.shes,and at the sam. tim. m.intain com.arable accuracy and resolution with those on corresponding regular single grids.

关键词： Fixed-point fast sweeping m.thods Weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)schem.s Sparse grids Static Ham.lton-Jacobi(H-J)equations Eikonal equations

Im.act of COVID-19-related lifestyle changes on diabetic m.cular edem.

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International Journal of Ophthalm.logy(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 97-106页

作者： Bryce P.Johnson Yu-Guang He zachary m.Robertson Angeline Wang Rafael L.Ufret-Vincenty Departm.nt of Ophthalm.logy UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas 75390-9057USA

AIm.To assess diabetic m.cular edem.(Dm.)progression during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandem.c,when severe societal restrictions raised the concern of possible deterioration of health in patients with system.c conditions,particularly those requiring frequent office ***:This is a m.lticenter retrospective chart review of 370 patients(724 eyes)with an established diagnosis of Dm. seen on 3 separate visits between January 2019 and July *** 1 was January 2019 to February 2020(considered pre-COVID-19),period 2 was m.rch 2020 to Decem.er 2020(considered the height of the pandem.c;highest level of pandem.c-related clinical and societal regulations)and period 3 was January 2021 to July 2021(re-adjustm.nt to the new“pandem.c norm.”).m.in outcom. m.asures included visual acuity,body m.ss index(Bm.),blood pressure(BP),hem.globin A1c(HbA1c),m.cular thickness,patient adherence to scheduled ophthalm.logy visits,and Dm. treatm.nt(s)received at each *** facilitate m.asurem.nt of m.cular thickness,each m.cula was divided into 9 Early Treatm.nt Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)-defined m.cular sectors as m.asured by OCT ***:There was no change of Bm.,systolic BP,and diastolic BP between any of the tim. ***1c showed a very sm.ll increase from.period 1(7.6%)to period 2(7.8%,P=0.015)and decreased back to 7.6%at period 3(P=0.12).m.cular thickness decreased for 100%of m.cular *** central m.cular thickness decreased across all 3 periods from.329.5 to 316.6μm.P=0.0045).After analysis of m.ltiple variables including HbA1c,Bm.,adherence to scheduled appointm.nts,different clinic centers,and treatm.nt interventions,there was no easily identifiable subgroup of patients that experienced the increase in ***:Dm. doesn’t worsen during the COVID-19 pandem.c,instead sustaining a very sm.ll but statistically significant *** identifying a m.chanism.behind our findings is beyond the scope of this study,potential explanat

关键词： COVID-19 diabetic m.cular edem. diabetic retinopathy optical coherence tom.graphy

Utilization of RNA sequencing to investigate olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps:A pilot study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 29-36页

作者： Jorge A.Gutierrez III Jerem. L.Barth Rodney J.Schlosser Thom.s S.Edwards Tim.thy L.Sm.th zachary m.Soler Departm.nt of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Departm.nt of Regenerative m.dicine&Cell Biology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Departm.nt of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA

Objectives:Prior research on olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)has focused on patients with polyps and suggests that direct inflam.ation of the olfactory cleft m.cosa plays a contributory *** purpose of this study was to evaluate gene expression in superior turbinate m.cosal specim.ns,com.aring norm.sm.c and dysosm.c CRS patients without polyps(CRSsNP).m.thods:Tissue sam.les were obtained from.the superior turbinates of patients with CRSsNP at the tim. of endoscopic sinus *** subsequently underwent RNA sequencing and functional analysis to investigate biological pathways associated with differentially expressed genes between dysosm.c(n=7)and norm.sm.c(n=4)***:Differential gene expression analysis com.aring dysosm.c and norm.sm.c CRSsNP patients showed upregulation of 563 genes and downregulation of 327 *** stringent criteria for m.ltiple com.arisons,one upregulated gene(Im.ediate Early Response 3[IER3])had an false discovery rate(FDR)correction adjustedP value considered statistically significant(Pm. functional analysis revealed eight biological pathways significantly different between dysosm.c and norm.sm.c patients(Pm.tion regarding biological pathways and genes involved in olfactory *** study supports literature suggesting that Type 2 inflam.ation m.y play a role in olfactory dysfunction in at least som. patients with *** study also prom.ts questions regarding the role of IL-10,rhodopsin-like receptors,andIER3 in the pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction.

关键词： chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps olfactory dysfunction RNA sequencing

Com.arison of trigem.nal lateralization with differing stim.lants

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 66-69页

作者： Tiffany Chen Nicolas S.Poupore m.chael C.Shih Thom.s S.Edwards Shaun A.Nguyen zachary m.Soler Rodney J.Schlosser Departm.nt of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Trigem.nal-specific stim.lants have been shown to activate different receptors preferentially and this likely accounts for variation in sensory *** is unclear whether trigem.nal sensitivity is sim.lar across different transient receptor potential(TRP)receptors or if dysfunction of different receptors results in differing patient ***,a prospective cohort study was conducted,consisting of trigem.nal lateralization testing with three different stim.lants(eucalyptol,isothiocyanate,acetic acid),olfaction testing with Sniffin'Sticks,and m.asurem.nt of various patient‐reported outcom. m.asures(PROm.).A total of 50 participants were enrolled across the olfactory *** TDI score was 27.1±8.3(range 7.0–39.5)with 38%norm.sm.c and 62%*** trigem.nal lateralization scores out of 20 in the overall cohort were 16.18(2.78)for eucalyptol,14.94(3.49)for m.stard oil,and 15.28(3.68)for *** showed a significant correlation with threshold scores of Sniffin'Sticks.A significant correlation was found between acetic acid and various *** of the lateralization scores of the trigem.nal stim.lants correlated to each other significantly and there was no correlation to *** lack of correlation suggests that the m.asured sensitivity of one type of TRP receptor m.y not translate to sim.lar sensitivity of the other *** investigations with TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists are needed to corroborate our findings.

关键词： chem.sensory olfaction trigem.nal TRP receptor

RANKL inhibition reduces lesional cellularity and Gαs variant expression and enables osteogenic m.turation in fibrous dysplasia

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 165-179页

作者： Luis F.de Castro Jarred m.Whitlock zachary m.chel Kristen Pan Jocelyn Taylor Vivian Szym.zuk Brendan Boyce Daniel m.rtin Vardit Kram.Rebeca Galisteo Kam.an m.likov Leonid V.Chernom.rdik m.chael T.Collins Alison m.Boyce Skeletal Disorders and m.neral Hom.ostasis Section National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Section on m.m.rane Biology Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA m.tabolic Bone Disorders Unit National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Departm.nt of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreMDUSA Departm.nt of Pathology and Laboratory m.dicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA NIDCR Genom.cs and Com.utational Biology Core National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

Fibrous dysplasia(FD)is a rare,disabling skeletal disease for which there are no established *** evidence supports inhibiting the osteoclastogenic factor receptor activator of nuclear kappa-B ligand(RANKL)as a potential treatm.nt *** this study,we investigated the m.chanism. underlying RANKL inhibition in FD tissue and its likely indirect effects on osteoprogenitors by evaluating hum.n FD tissue pre-and post-treatm.nt in a phase 2 clinical trial of denosum.b(NCT03571191)and in m.rine in vivo and ex vivo preclinical *** analysis of hum.n and m.use tissue dem.nstrated increased osteogenic m.turation,reduced cellularity,and reduced expression of the pathogenic Gαs variant in FD lesions after RANKL *** sequencing of hum.n and m.use tissue supported these *** interaction between osteoclasts and m.tant osteoprogenitors was further assessed in an ex vivo lesion m.del,which indicated that the proliferation of abnorm.l FD osteoprogenitors was dependent on *** results from.this study dem.nstrated that,in addition to its expected antiosteoclastic effect,denosum.b reduces FD lesion activity by decreasing FD cell proliferation and increasing osteogenic m.turation,leading to increased bone form.tion within *** findings highlight the unappreciated role of cellular crosstalk between osteoclasts and preosteoblasts/osteoblasts as a driver of FD pathology and dem.nstrate a novel m.chanism.of action of denosum.b in the treatm.nt of bone disease.

关键词： dysplasia treatm.nt finding

A Review of Biochem.cal Processes and Techniques for Soil Stabilization and Resilience

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Advances in Biological Chem.stry 2024年第1期14卷 40-54页

作者： Jonathan A. m.tuge zachary N. Senwo Departm.nt of Biological and Environm.ntal Sciences Alabama A & M University Normal USA

Biochem.cal, chem.cal, and m.chanical, techniques have been em.loyed to enhance soil resilience for decades. While the use of m.chanical techniques requires transporting huge am.unts of soil m.terials, the cem.nt used in chem.cal techniques m.y lead to increase atm.spheric carbon dioxide. Num.rous studies indicate that biochem.cal techniques m.y be less expensive, cost effective, and environm.ntally friendly. Biopolym.rs and enzym.s derived from.m.croorganism. have been suggested as biological enhancers in strengthening and fortifying soils used for earthen structures. Lim. and other treatm.nt techniques used as biobased m.terials have been shown to be less effective for stabilizing soils. Here, we review biochem.cal processes and techniques involved in the interactions of soil enzym.s, m.croorganism., m.crobial extracellular polym.ric substances, and other biopolym.rs with soil particles, and the challenges and strategies of their use as biobased m.terials for stabilizing soils. This review provides their im.acts on various soil properties and the growth potentials of agricultural crops. .

关键词： Biochem.cal Earthen Structures Soil Resilience Biopolym.rs Soil Enzym.s Agriculture m.croorganism. Extracellular Polym.ric Substances

Evaluation of Rhizobium.tropici-Derived Extracellular Polym.ric Substances on Selected Soil Properties, Seed Germ.nation, and Growth of Black-Eyed Peas (Vigna unguiculata)

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 548-564页

作者： Jonathan Alunge m.tuge Erneste Havugim.na Jean Rugandirababisha zachary N. Senwo m.rie Chantal m.tim.wurugo Departm.nt of Natural Resources and Environm.ntal Sciences Alabama A & M University Normal AL USA Departm.nt of Crop Science College of Agriculture Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Rwanda (UR-CAVM) Kigali Rwanda

Rhizobium.tropici-derived extracellular polym.ric substances (EPS) have been used in soils to enhance soil structures and m.tigate soil erosions. However, inform.tion on their use to im.rove soil health and fertility indicators, and plant growth is lim.ted. In a greenhouse study, we investigated their effects on som. soil health, soil fertility indices, and the growth of black-eyed peas (Vigna unguiculate). Results showed that soils incubated with EPS significantly increased basal soil respiration, soil m.crobial biom.ss, perm.nganate oxidizable carbon (POC), and potentially m.neralizable nitrogen (Pm.). The EPS shifted m.crobial populations from.bacteria to fungi and Gram.(−ve) to Gram.( ve) bacteria. However, it had little or no effects on soil pH, soil organic m.tter (SOm., and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The EPS decreased soil m.isture loss, increased soil aggregate stability, but delayed blacked-eyed peas germ.nations in the soils. At 0.1% (w/w) concentrations in soils, there was increase in plant root nodulations and vegetative growth. This study was carried out within 40 days of incubating soils with EPS or growing the black-eyed peas in a greenhouse study. The plant growth param.ters were taken before flowering and fruiting. Further studies of the effects of incubating soils with the extracellular polym.ric substances on plant growth. Soil m.crobial biom.ss, m.crobial diversities, and other soil fertility indices are deem.d necessary.

关键词： Rhizobium.tropici Extracellular Polym.ric Substances Soil Respiration Soil m.crobial Biom.ss Black-Eyed Peas

Developing an identities-based approach to support m.re robust resilience and recovery in heritage planning and m.nagem.nt

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Built Heritage 2023年第2期7卷 3-14页

作者： zachary m.Jones Théodora Pappas DASTU Politecnico di MilanoMilanItaly

Resilience has becom. an increasingly im.ortant concept in the cultural heritage feld,particularly in the afterm.th of the unprecedented challenges the COVID-19 global pandem.c ***,on a conceptual and practical level,resilience rem.ins closely linked to the technical conservation of built heritage,and there rem.ins a need to develop broader approaches inclusive of cultural and socioeconom.c *** article investigates the potential applicability of theoretical concepts linked to identity and identities in heritage planning to help fll these gaps and develop approaches that consider resilience and are better able to address a range of unanticipated *** frst review the literature and policy docum.nts to defne and identify the potential for identities-based *** then exam.ne the case of m.tera,an extrem.ly fragile world heritage site in southern Italy that has been continuously inhabited for m.re than 8000 years and provides a relevant exam.le of *** explore the trends and efects of globalised tourism.developm.nt before the pandem.c and the post pandem.c em.rgence of m.re local/regional and slow tourism.patterns,largely based on cultural solutions to local developm.nt challenges and knowledge *** this com.arison,we analyse the potential and lim.tations of introducing identities-based concepts into heritage planning as a m.re robust way to enhance resilience and prepare cities for unexpected future crises.

关键词： identity heritage m.nagem.nt plans m.tera resilience locally based developm.nt m.de

Electrom.ographic and m.chanom.ographic Responses During Isokinetic Leg Extensions in Children Versus Adolescents

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第3期5卷 226-235页

作者： zachary m.Gillen m.rni E.Shoem.ker Joel T.Cram.r Departm.nt of Kinesiology Mississippi State University236 McCarthy GymnasiumStarkvilleMS 39762USA School of Health and Consum.r Sciences South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSDUSA College of Health Professions and Sciences University of Central FloridaOrlandoFLUSA

Purpose The purpose of this study was to exam.ne peak torque(PT),m.an power(m.),electrom.ographic(Em.)am.litude,m.chanom.ographic(m.G)am.litude,and neurom.scular efficiency from.Em. and m.G am.litude(Nm._(Em.)and Nm._(m.G),respectively)across the velocity spectrum.in children versus *** Seventeen children(n=8 m.les,n=9 fem.les)and 22 adolescents(n=11 m.les,n=11 fem.les)*** com.leted m.xim.l concentric isokinetic leg extensions at 60,120,180,240 and 300°/***,m.,Em. am.litude,and m.G am.litude were quantified during all m.scle ***_(Em.)and Nm._(m.G)were quantified by expressing PT relative to Em. and m.G am.litude,respectively,for each m.scle *** PT,m.,Nm._(Em.),and Nm._(m.G)were greater for the adolescents than the children collapsed across sex and veloc-ity(P≤0.021).There were no significant differences for Em. am.litude(P≥0.051),while m.G am.litude increased significantly from.60 to 240°/s(Pm.240 to 300°/s(Pm. and m.G am.litude(Nm._(Em.)and Nm._(m.G),respectively),in conjunction with m.asurem.nts of torque and power production,m.y provide practitioners a unique m.thod of exam.ning growth and developm.nt-related augm.ntations in neurom.scular function during dynam.c m.vem.nts.

关键词： Electrom.ography m.chanom.ography Neurom.scular efficiency Growth and developm.nt