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Enforced Freedom: Electric-Field-Induced Declustering of Ionic-Liquid Ions in the Electrical Double Layer

Energy & Environmental Materials 2020年第3期3卷 414-420页

作者： Yufan Zhang Ting Ye Ming Chen zachary a.h.goodwin Guang Feng Jun huang Alexei A.Kornyshev IEK-13 Institute of Energy and Climate ResearchForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich 52425Germany State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion School of Energy and Power EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST)Wuhan 430074China Department of Chemistry Imperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusLondon W120BZUK Department of Physics Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondon SW72AZUK Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondon SW72AZUK hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Ions in the bulk of solvent-free ionic liquids bind into ion pairs and *** competition between the propensity of ions to stay in a bound state,and the reduction of the energy when unbinding in electric field,determines the portion of free ions in the electrical double *** present the simplest possible mean-field theory to study this effect."Cracking"of ion pairs into free ions in electric field is accompanied by the change of the dielectric response of the ionic *** predictions from the theory are verified and further explored by molecular dynamics simulations.A particular finding of the theory is that the differential capacitance vs potential curve displays a bell shape,despite the low concentration of free charge carriers,because the dielectric response reduces the threshold concentration for the bell-to camelshape *** presented theory does not take into account overscreening and oscillating charge distributions in the electrical double *** in spite of the simplicity of the model,its findings demonstrate a clear physical effect:a preference to be a charged monopole rather than a dipole(or higher order multipole)in strong electric field.

关键词： differential capacitance ion pairs ionic liquids unbinding

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Sparse-Grid Implementation of Fixed-Point Fast Sweeping WENO Schemes for Eikonal Equations

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 3-29页

作者： zachary M.Miksis Yong-Tao Zhang Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics University of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA

Fixed-point fast sweeping methods are a class of explicit iterative methods developed in the literature to efficiently solve steady-state solutions of hyperbolic partial differential equations(PDEs).As other types of fast sweeping schemes,fixed-point fast sweeping methods use the Gauss-Seidel iterations and alternating sweeping strategy to cover characteristics of hyperbolic PDEs in a certain direction simultaneously in each sweeping *** resulting iterative schemes have a fast convergence rate to steady-state ***,an advantage of fixed-point fast sweeping methods over other types of fast sweeping methods is that they are explicit and do not involve the inverse operation of any nonlinear local ***,they are robust and flexible,and have been combined with high-order accurate weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)schemes to solve various hyperbolic PDEs in the *** multidimensional nonlinear problems,high-order fixed-point fast sweeping WENO methods still require quite a large amount of computational *** this technical note,we apply sparse-grid techniques,an effective approximation tool for multidimensional problems,to fixed-point fast sweeping WENO methods for reducing their computational ***,we focus on fixed-point fast sweeping WENO schemes with third-order accuracy(Zhang et al.2006[41]),for solving Eikonal equations,an important class of static hamilton-Jacobi(h-J)*** experiments on solving multidimensional Eikonal equations and a more general static h-J equation are performed to show that the sparse-grid computations of the fixed-point fast sweeping WENO schemes achieve large savings of CPU times on refined meshes,and at the same time maintain comparable accuracy and resolution with those on corresponding regular single grids.

关键词： Fixed-point fast sweeping methods Weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)schemes Sparse grids Static hamilton-Jacobi(h-J)equations Eikonal equations

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hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis in a Strong Acidic Environment Using Cationic Surfactants

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第4期2卷 129-137页

作者： zachary Adler Xiao Zhang Guangxia Feng Yaping Shi Peng Zhu Yang Xia Xiaonan Shan haotian Wang Rice University Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringHoustonTexas 77005United States University of houston Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringHoustonTexas 77004United States

The two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e^(−)-ORR)can be exploited for green production of hydrogen peroxide(h_(2)O_(2)),but it still suffers from low selectivity in an acidic electrolyte when using non-noble metal ***,inspired by biology,we demonstrate a strategy that exploits the micellization of surfactant molecules to promote the h_(2)O_(2)selectivity of a low-cost carbon black catalyst in strong acid *** surfactants near the electrode surface increase the oxygen solubility and transportation,and they provide a shielding effect that displaces protons from the electric double layer(EDL).Compared with the case of a pure acidic electrolyte,we find that,when a small number of surfactant molecules were added to the acid,the h_(2)O_(2)Faradaic efficiency(FE)was improved from 12%to 95%h_(2)O_(2)under 200 mA cm^(−2),suggesting an 8-fold *** in situ surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)and optical microscopy(OM)studies suggest that,while the added surfactant reduces the electrode’s hydrophobicity,its micelle formation could promote the O_(2) gas transport and its hydrophobic tail could displace local protons under applied negative potentials during catalysis,which are responsible for the improved h_(2)O_(2)selectivity in strong acids.

关键词： electrocatalysis hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis oxygen reduction reaction interfacial engineering surfactant CTAB

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C19MC miRNA-520G induces SP100 antiviral gene transcription and inhibits melanin production in skin cutaneous melanoma

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 60-63页

作者： goodwin G.Jinesh Marian T.Smallin Nino Mtchedlidze Isha Godwin Marco Napoli Nicole hackel Manali S.Phadke Avani A.Deshpande Xiaobo Li John h.Lockhart Jaden R.Baldwin Suehelay Acevedo-Acevedo Yifeng Gao Michelle A.Reiser Keiran S.M.Smalley Elsa R.Flores Andrew S.Brohl Department of Molecular Oncology H.Lee Moffitt Cancer Center&Research InstituteTampaFL 33612USA Molecular Medicine Program H.Lee Moffitt Cancer Center&Research InstituteTampaFL 33612USA Saveetha Medical College ChennaiTamil Nadu 602105India Tumor Biology Department H.Lee Moffitt Cancer Center&Research InstituteTampaFL 33612USA Sarcoma Department H.Lee Moffitt Cancer Center&Research InstituteTampaFL 33612USA

SP100 is an antiviral protein that restricts the productive stage of human papillomavirus(hPV)and multiple other viruses,and viruses in turn block sUMO-1-mediated stabilization of SP100 and promotes its degradation(Table S1).Interferon(IFN)signaling could still produce more SP100 through transcription to counteract viruses.1 Viruses also disable the transcriptional up-regulation of SP100 to achieve persistent infection in hosts.

关键词： SP100 melanoma stabilization

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A Rare Case of Aortic Valve Endocarditis and Acute Meningitis Due to haemophilus influenzae

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2024年第6期13卷 207-211页

作者： zachary M. Visinoni Justin D. Tse Christopher F. Pease Department of Graduate Medical Education Internal Medicine Residency Sutter Roseville Medical Center Roseville USA Sutter Medical Group Roseville USA

hACEK organisms represent a rare but important group of causative pathogens in endocarditis. These bacteria have historically been associated with culture-negative endocarditis;however, modern laboratory techniques have made this less common. In this case, we present a 74-year-old man who presented with acute onset altered mentation, fever, and sepsis. he was ultimately found to have haemophilus influenzae meningitis, cerebral empyema, aortic valve endocarditis, psoas myositis, and L2 - L3 diskitis with osteomyelitis. Although hACEK organisms are commonly found in the oropharynx and upper respiratory tract in humans, our patient did not report recent preceding dental or ENT procedures. h. influenzae is responsible for approximately 0.16% of all cases of bacterial endocarditis, representing a very limited subset. Although generally considered low virulent pathogens, this case demonstrates the unusual extent of infection from a hACEK organism, h. influenzae, causing aortic valve endocarditis as well as atypical non-cardiac sequelae, including acute meningitis.

关键词： hACEK haemophilus influenzae Aortic Valve Endocarditis Bacterial Meningitis Cerebral Empyema

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Classical epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and alternative cell death process-driven blebbishield metastaticwitch(BMW)pathways to cancer metastasis

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第9期7卷 3388-3404页

作者： goodwin G.Jinesh Andrew S.Broh Department of Molecular Oncology 12902 USF Magnolia DriveH.Lee Mofftt Cancer Center&Research InstituteTampa 33612 FLUSA Sarcoma Department 12902 USF Magnolia DriveH.Lee Mofftt Cancer Center&Research InstituteTampa33612FLUSA

Metastasis is a pivotal event that accelerates the prognosis of cancer patients towards *** that aim to induce cell death in metastatic cells require a more detailed understanding of the metastasis for better *** this goal,we discuss the details of two distinct but overlapping pathways of metastasis:a classical reversible epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(hybrid-EMT)-driven transport pathway and an alternative cell death process-driven blebbishield metastatic-witch(BMW)transport pathway involving reversible cell death *** knowledge about the EMT and BMW pathways is important for the therapy of metastatic cancers as these pathways confer drug resistance coupled to immune evasion/*** initiallydiscuss the EMT pathway and compare it with the BMW pathway in the contexts of coordinated oncogenic,metabolic,immunologic,and cell biological events that drive *** particular,we discuss how the cell death environment involving apoptosis,ferroptosis,necroptosis,and NETosis in BMW or EMT pathways recruits immune cells,fuses with it,migrates,permeabilizes vasculature,and settles at distant sites to establish ***,we discuss the therapeutic targets that are common to both EMT and BMW pathways.

关键词： metastasis metastatic transition

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Association between tourniquet use and intraoperative blood loss during below-knee amputation

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第7期13卷 644-651页

作者： Alden E Wyland Erik Woelber Liam h Wong Jordan Arakawa zachary M Working James Meeker School of Medicine Oregon Health and Sciences UniversityPortlandOR 97239United States Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Oregon Health and Sciences UniversityPortlandOR 97239United States

BACKGROUND Despite over 150000 amputations of lower limbs annually,there remains a wide variation in tourniquet practice patterns and no consensus on their necessity,especially among orthopedic patient *** purpose of this study was to determine whether tourniquet use in orthopedic patients undergoing below knee amputation(BKA) was associated with a difference in calculated blood loss relative to no tourniquet *** To determine if tourniquet use in orthopedic patients undergoing BKA was associated with a difference in calculated blood loss relative to no tourniquet *** We performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing BKA by orthopedic surgeons at a tertiary care hospital from 2008 through *** loss was calculated using a combination of the Nadler equation for preoperative blood volume and a novel formula utilizing preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels and *** and forwards step-wise multivariate linear regressions were performed to determine the association between tourniquet use and blood loss.A Wilcoxon was used to determine the univariate relationship between tourniquet use and blood loss for in the restricted subgroups of patients who underwent BKA for trauma,tumor,and *** Of 97 eligible patients identified,67 underwent surgery with a tourniquet and 30 did *** multivariate regression,tourniquet use was associated with a 488 mL decrease in calculated blood loss(CI 119-857,P = 0.01).In subgroup analysis,no individual group showed a statistically significant decrease in blood loss with tourniquet *** was no significant association between tourniquet use and either postoperative transfusions or reoperation at one *** We found that tourniquet use during BKA is associated with decreased calculated intraoperative blood *** recommend that surgeons performing this procedure use a tourniquet to minimize blood loss.

关键词： Amputation Tourniquet Blood loss hemostasis

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The role of systemic therapy in borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2022年第1期8卷 281-292页

作者： Victor C.K.Lo Rachel A.goodwin Michael M.Vickers Department of Medicine Division of Medical OncologyThe Ottawa Hospital Cancer CentreOttawaON K1H 8L6Canada

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)remains a deadly disease,even in patients whose cancer is localized and *** resection provides the only option for cure,but long-term survival rates remain *** patients with borderline resectable(BR)disease who undergo upfront resection,many patients are either too unwell for subsequent adjuvant systemic therapy,develop recurrence soon after,or are found to have unresectable disease *** is increasing evidence for a neoadjuvant approach,using more conventional multi-agent chemotherapy regimens,which have demonstrated higher activity in the metastatic setting compared to single *** patients with locally advanced(LA)disease,which is unresectable by current definitions,there is mounting evidence that effective neoadjuvant systemic therapy is able to convert some patients’disease to a resectable state,offering the potential for long-term survival and *** we present a review of key trials focusing on prospective,randomized studies to provide high-level evidence supporting a neoadjuvant approach to both BR and LA ***,many knowledge gaps exist,such as the optimal neoadjuvant multi-agent chemotherapy regimen,the role of radiotherapy,and the safety and efficacy of adding immunotherapy to chemo/radiation *** challenges in determining the optimal approach to patients with BR or LA PDAC include not only overcoming the inherent difficulties in conducting complex,multidisciplinary,multicentre randomized trials in patients with a high-morbidity and mortality disease,but also trying to standardize disease definitions,treatment regimens,and outcome measures.

关键词： Borderline resectable locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma neoadjuvant chemotherapy

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Impact of Chromium Propionate Supplementation and Days of Adaptation on Energy Status in Newly Weaned Steer Calves^*

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2023年第4期13卷 409-420页

作者： zachary Kidd Foster Smith Department of Animal Science South Dakota State University Brookings USA

The objective of this research was to evaluate the influences that supplemental dietary chromium propionate (CrP;0 or 0.4 mg·kg-1 added to the total diet on a DM basis) has on plasma indicators of energy status in newly weaned steers upon introduction to the feedlot. For this experiment single source, Angus steers (n = 28;BW = 289 ± 12.0 kg) from a ranch in Western South Dakota were weaned and immediately shipped 579 km to the Ruminant Nutrition Center (RNC) in Brookings, SD. Steers were allotted to one of four 7.6 m × 7.6 m pens (2 pens/diet;7 steers/pen) at 4 d post-arrival to the RNC and test diets were initiated. No anabolic implant was used in this study. Subsequent BW measurements were obtained at 1400 h, to accommodate a post-prandial timing for blood sampling. This was 4 h after initial access to feed, and immediately prior to the afternoon feed delivery. Weights and blood sampling occurred on d 5, 12, 19, and 33. Whole blood samples were collected from all steers via jugular venipuncture and separated as plasma. There were no diet x day interactions (P ≥ 0.51) for plasma glucose, insulin, or urea-N. Plasma glucose, insulin, and urea-n levels were similar between diets (P ≥ 0.35). Plasma glucose and urea-n levels were not different across days (P ≥ 0.59). Insulin levels differed as a result of days of adaptation and were greatest (P = 0.01) on d 12 regardless of diet. There tended (P = 0.12) to be a diet x day interaction for NEFA levels. Plasma NEFA levels tended to be lower (P = 0.13) for calves fed CrP on d 5, and were greater (P = 0.09) on d 12 in calves fed CrP. The shift in NEFA on d 12 coincided with the spike in insulin levels. Both events occurred at the time that NEg intake was approaching the acclimated plateau and neither event impacted glucose status. In non-ruminants, elevated insulin concentrations decrease circulating NEFA levels. We detected minimal differences in regard to plasma indicators of lipid metabolism in this

关键词： Beef Steers Chromium Feedlot Adaptation Insulin Newly Weaned

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Utility of circulating tumor DNA for predicting prognosis in the management of resectable pancreatic cancer

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2022年第1期8卷 293-301页

作者： zachary Tyerman Emily Ambler Cary Jo R.Schlick Felix Nwajei Akhil Chawla Department of Surgery Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60611USA Division of Surgical Oncology Department of SurgeryNorthwestern Medicine Regional Medical GroupNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60190USA Robert h.Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center ChicagoIL 60611USA Department of Neurology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNC 27710USA

Background:The measurement of circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)has been studied in several malignancies,including metastatic pancreatic cancer,but less is known about its utility in monitoring treatment response and recurrence in resectable pancreatic ***:We conducted a systematic review of the literature examining the association of ctDNA with overall survival(OS)and disease-free ***:Five articles met our exclusion *** and/or postoperative ctDNA was found to be associated with decreased OS and recurrence-free ***:ctDNA has the potential to be used as a prognostic biomarker and to guide therapy in resectable pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer circulating tumor DNA prognosis survival

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