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Optimizing Optical Fiber Faults Detection:A Comparative Analysis of Advanced Machine Learning Approaches

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2697-2721页

作者： Kamlesh Kumar Soothar Yuanxiang Chen Arif hussain Magsi Cong Hu hussain Shah School of Electronics Engineering Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xidian UniversityXi’an710071China State Key Laboratory ofNetworking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China

Efficient optical network management poses significant importance in backhaul and access network communicationfor preventing service disruptions and ensuring Quality of Service(QoS)*** emerging faultsin optical networks introduce challenges that can jeopardize the network with a variety of *** existingliterature witnessed various partial or inadequate *** the other hand,Machine Learning(ML)hasrevolutionized as a promising technique for fault detection and *** traditional fault managementsystems,this research has three-fold ***,this research leverages the ML and Deep Learning(DL)multi-classification system and evaluates their accuracy in detecting six distinct fault types,including fiber cut,fibereavesdropping,splicing,bad connector,bending,and PC ***,this paper assesses the classificationdelay of each classification ***,this work proposes a fiber optics fault prevention algorithm thatdetermines to mitigate the faults *** work utilized a publicly available fiber optics dataset namedOTDR_Data and applied different ML classifiers,such as Gaussian Naive Bayes(GNB),Logistic Regression(LR),Support Vector Machine(SVM),K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN),Random Forest(RF),and Decision Tree(DT).Moreover,Ensemble Learning(EL)techniques are applied to evaluate the accuracy of various *** addition,this work evaluated the performance of DL-based Convolutional Neural Network and Long-Short Term Memory(CNN-LSTM)hybrid *** findings reveal that the CNN-LSTM hybrid technique achieved the highestaccuracy of 99%with a delay of 360 *** the other hand,EL techniques improved the accuracy in detecting fiberoptic ***,this research comprehensively assesses accuracy and delay metrics for various classifiers andproposes the most efficient attack detection system in fiber optics.

关键词： Fiber optics fault detection multiclassification machine learning ensemble learning

Experimental Study on Heat Storage Properties Comparison of Paraffin/Metal Foams Phase Change Material Composites

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 469-478页

作者： Waqar AHMED Abid hussain Hanzla SHAHID Imran ALI Hafiz Muhammad ALI Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47080Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Mechanical Mechatronics and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of Engineering and Technology LahoreFaisalabad CampusPunjabPakistan Mechanical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems(IRC-REPS) King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia

Heat storage properties of phase change materials(PCMs) are essential characteristics that perform a key role in thermal heat energy storage *** thermal properties of PCMs can be improved by developing metal foam/PCM *** addition of metal foam in PCMs has a significant effect on the thermal characteristics of *** this paper,the heat storage properties of two different metal foam/PCM composites were experimentally *** behavior of paraffin in metal foam(copper and iron-nickel)/paraffin composites concerning pure paraffin at a constant heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2) in three directions simultaneously(x,y,and z) was *** was infiltrated into copper and iron-nickel foams to develop composite materials which resulted in enhancing the thermal conductivity of the paraffin.A comparative analysis is made on the heat storage properties of paraffin in copper and iron-nickel foams/paraffin *** temperature distribution during the phase transition process is experimentally *** comparison indicates that temperature uniformity in copper foam/paraffin composite is better than in iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite and pure paraffin at the same heat *** results show that at heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2),the heat storage time for copper foam/paraffin composite is 20.63% of that of iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite.

关键词： heat storage capacity paraffin/metal foam composite temperature uniformity heat storage rate phase transition process

Spatiotemporal evolution and assembly processes of ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotic communities in 1 000-year-old coastal reclaimed soils

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 709-725页

作者： Sarfraz.hussain Yifan YIN Senlin LIU Shanshan YAN Dongjie CHEN Hui CAO Feng WANG Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Life SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Institute of Eco-Environmental Sciences Ningbo Academy of Agricultural SciencesNingbo 315040China

Coastal marshes are transitional areas between terrestrial and aquatic *** are sensitive to climate change and anthropogenic *** recent decades,the reclamation of coastal marshes has greatly increased,and its effects on microbial communities in coastal marshes have been studied with great *** of these studies have explained the short-term spatiotemporal variation in soil microbial community ***,the impact of reclamation on the community composition and assembly processes of functional microbes(e.g.,ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes)is often *** this study,using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the Ion S5™XL sequencing platform,we investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics,assembly processes,and diversity patterns of ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes in 1000-year-old reclaimed coastal salt *** taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and composition of ammonia oxidizers showed apparent spatiotemporal variations with soil *** null modelling-based analysis showed that across all sites,the archaeal ammonia-oxidizing community was assembled by a deterministic process(84.71%),and deterministic processes were also dominant(55.2%)for ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities except for communities at 60 years of *** assembly process and nitrification activity in reclaimed soils were positively *** abundance of the amoA gene and changes in ammonia-oxidizing archaeal and bacterial diversities significantly affected the nitrification activity in reclaimed *** findings suggest that long-term coastal salt marsh reclamation affects nitrification by modulating the activities of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms and regulating their community structures and assembly *** results provide a better understanding of the effects of long-term land reclamation on soil nitrogen-cycling microbial communities.

关键词： ammonia oxidizer beta nearest taxon index coastal salt marshes community assembly deterministic process nitrification rate stochastic process

Hordedane diterpenoid phytoalexins restrict Fusarium graminearum infection but enhance Bipolaris sorokiniana colonization of barley roots

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Molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1307-1327页

作者： Yaming Liu Dario Esposto Lisa K.Mahdi Andrea Porzel Pauline Stark Hidayat hussain Anja Scherr-Henning Simon Isfort Ulschan.Bathe Ivan F.Acosta Alga zuccaro Gerd U.Balcke Alain Tissier Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalleGermany Institute for Plant Sciences Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences(CEPLAS)Cologne BiocenterUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalleGermany Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research CologneGermany Horticultural Sciences University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA.

Plant immunity is a multilayered process that includes recognition of patterns or effectors from pathogens to elicit defense *** include the induction of a cocktail of defense metabolites that typically restrict pathogen ***,we investigate the interaction between barley roots and the fungal pathogens Bipolaris sorokiniana(Bs)and Fusarium graminearum(Fg)at the metabolite *** identify hordedanes,a previously undescribed set of labdane-related diterpenoids with antimicrobial properties,as critical players in these *** of barley roots by Bs and Fg elicits hordedane synthesis from a 60o-kb gene *** reconstruction of the biosynthesis pathway in yeast and Nicotiana benthamiana produced several hordedanes,including one of the most functionally decorated products 19-β-hydroxy-hordetrienoic acid(19-OH-HTA).Barley mutants in the diterpene synthase genes of this cluster are unable to produce hordedanes but,unexpectedly,show reduced Bs *** contrast,colonization by Fusarium graminearum,another fungal pathogen of barley and wheat,is 4-fold higher in the mutants completely lacking ***,19-OH-HTA enhances both germination and growth of Bs,whereas it inhibits other pathogenic fungi,including *** of microscopy and transcriptomics data suggest that hordedanes delay the necrotrophic phase of *** together,these results show that adapted pathogens such as Bs can subvert plant metabolic defenses to facilitate root colonization.

关键词： barley Hordeum vulgare diterpenoid phytoalexins gene cluster pathogenic fungi Bipolaris sorokininiana Fusarium graminearum

Linear Analysis of Obliquely Propagating Longitudinal Waves in Partially Spin Polarized Degenerate Magnetized Plasma

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2017年第12期67卷 791-797页

作者： z.Iqbal G.Murtaza A.hussain Salam Chair Department of Physics G.C. University Lahore Department of Physics Mirpur University of Science and Technology

Linear analysis of low frequency obliquely propagating electrostatic waves in a partially spin polarized degenerate magnetized plasma is presented. Using Fourier analysis, a general linear dispersion relation is derived for low frequency electrostatic lower hybrid(LH) wave, ion acoustic(IA) wave and ion cyclotron(IC) wave in the presence of electron spin polarization. It is found that the electron spin polarization gives birth to a new spin-dependent wave(spin electron acoustic wave) in the spectrum of these waves. Further, the electron spin polarization also causes drastic shifts in the frequency spectrum of these waves. These effects would have a strong bearing on wave phenomena in degenerate astrophysical plasmas.

关键词： spin polarization longitudinal waves degenerate plasma

Structural and mechanical properties of Al–C–N films deposited at room temperature by plasma focus device

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第7期25卷 299-304页

作者： z A Umar R Ahmad R S Rawat M A Baig J Siddiqui T hussain National Centre for Physics Quaid-i-Azam University Campus Department of Physics GC University NSSE National Institute of Education Nanyang Technological University Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics GC University

The Al–C–N films are deposited on Si substrates by using a dense plasma focus（DPF） device with aluminum fitted central electrode（anode） and by operating the device with CH_4/N_2 gas admixture ratio of 1：1. XRD results verify the crystalline Al N（111） and Al_3CON（110） phase formation of the films deposited using multiple shots. The elemental compositions as well as chemical states of the deposited Al–C–N films are studied using XPS analysis, which affirm Al–N, C–C, and C–N bonding. The FESEM analysis reveals that the deposited films are composed of nanoparticles and nanoparticle agglomerates. The size of the agglomerates increases at a higher number of focus deposition shots for multiple shot depositions. Nanoindentation results reveal the variation in mechanical properties（nanohardness and elastic modulus）of Al–C–N films deposited with multiple shots. The highest values of nanohardness and elastic modulus are found to be about 11 and 185 GPa, respectively, for the film deposited with 30 focus deposition shots. The mechanical properties of the films deposited using multiple shots are related to the Al content and C–N bonding.

关键词： dense plasma focus XPS field emission scanning electron microscope elastic modulus

Synthesis of TiN/a-Si_3N_4 thin film by using a Mather type dense plasma focus system

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第5期22卷 381-385页

作者： T. hussain R. Ahmad N. Khalid z. A. Umar A. Hussnain Center For Advanced Studies in Physics (CASP) 1-Church RoadGC University Department of Physics Government College University

A 2.3 kJ Mather type pulsed plasma focus device was used for the synthesis of a TiN/a-Si3N4 thin film at room temperature. The film was characterized using X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and atomic force microscopy （AFM）. The XRD pattern confirms the growth of polycrystalline TiN thin film. The XPS results indicate that the synthesized film is non-stoichiometric and contains titanium nitride, silicon nitride, and a phase of silicon oxy-nitride. The SEM and AFM results reveal that the surface of the synthesized film is quite smooth with 0.59 nm roughness （root-mean-square）.

关键词： plasma focus TiN/a-Si3N4 films X-ray diffraction

Mechanical properties of Al/a-C nanocomposite thin films synthesized using a plasma focus device

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第2期23卷 353-358页

作者： z.A.Umar R.S.Rawat R.Ahmad A.K.Kumar Y.Wang T.hussain z.Chen L.Shen z.zhang NSSE National Institute of EducationNanyang Technological University Department of Physics GC University Center for Advanced Studies in Physics (CASP) GC University School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Institute of Materials Research and Engineering ASTAR (Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)3 Research Link

The Al/a-C nanocomposite thin films are synthesized on Si substrates using a dense plasma focus device with alu- minum fitted anode and operating with CH4/Ar admixture. X-ray diffractometer results confirm the formation of metallic crystalline Al phases using different numbers of focus shots. Raman analyses show the formation of D and G peaks for all thin film samples, confirming the presence of a-C in the nanocomposite thin films. The formation of Al/a-C nanocomposite thin films is further confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The scanning electron microscope results show that the deposited thin films consist of nanoparticles and their agglomerates. The sizes of th agglomerates increase with increasing numbers of focus deposition shots. The nanoindentation results show the variations in hardness and elastic modulus values of nanocomposite thin film with increasing the number of focus shots. Maximum values of hardness and elastic modulus of the composite thin film prepared using 20 focus shots are found to be about 10.7 GPa and 189.2 GPa, respectively.

关键词： dense plasma focus X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy field emission scanning electron micro- scope elastic modulus

Thermal optimization of MHD nanofluid over a wedge by using response surface methodology:Sensitivity analysis

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Propulsion and Power Research 2023年第4期12卷 556-567页

作者： Ahmed zeeshan Dilawar hussain zaheer Asghar Muhammad Mubashir Bhatti Faisal z.Duraihem Department of Mathematics&Statistics FBASInternational Islamic UniversityIslamabadH-10Islamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Mathematics Faculty of Natural and Health SciencesUniversity of BaltistanSkardu 16100Pakistan Centre for Mathematical Sciences Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied SciencesNiloreIslamabad 45650Pakistan Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied SciencesNiloreIslamabad 45650Pakistan Department of Mathematics and System Sciences Shandong University of Science and TechnologyShandongChina Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 2455Riyadh 11451Saudi Arabia

It is well documented that heat transfer is enhanced with addition of nanosized particles in ***,in a mechanical system there are variety of factors influences the heat *** factors are significant while others are *** this paper,authors will discuss sensitivity of different input parameters such as Le,Nt and Nb on output responses𝑁Nu_(x)and Sh_(x).To achieve this goal,the problem is modeled using basic conservation *** formulated model is a set of PDEs,which are converted to set of non-linear ODEs by using similarity *** these ODEs are solved numerically by using MATLAB built in package bvp4c and compared the numerical results with existing work and found good *** analysis is performed by employing RSM to determine the relationship between the input parameters such that 0.1≤Le≤1,0.1≤Nt≤1 and 0.1≤Nb≤1 and the output responses(Nu_(x)and Sh_(x)).ANOVA tables are generated by using *** using the ANOVA tables the correlations between input parameters and output response are *** check the validity of correlated equations,the residuals are plotted graphically and show best correlations between input parameters and output *** high values of R^(2)=98.65 and AdjR^(2)=97.43 for Nu_(x)and R^(2)=97.83 and AdjR^(2)=95.88 for Sh_(x)demonstrates the high validity of ANOVA results to perform sensitivity ***,we have conducted a sensitivity analysis of the responses and came to the important results that Nt and Nb is most sensitive to Nusselt number and Sherwood number respectively.

关键词： Sensitivity analysis Nusselt number Sherwood number Response surface methodology(RSM) Analysis of variance(ANOVA) Nano fluid