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Mechanism of Guangdong Shenqu in regulating intestinal flora in mice with food stagnation and internal heat based on 16S rDNA sequencing

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2024年第2期11卷 232-244页

作者： Jiang y. z.ang z. Chen H. Wang y. Xu y. Chen z. Wang J. School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488 China Department of Chemistry Cleveland State University Cleveland 44115 United States School of Chinese Traditional Medicine Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488 China

Objective: To investigate the effect of Guangdong Shenqu (GSQ) on intestinal flora structure in mice with food stagnation through 16S rDNA sequencing. Methods: Mice were randomly.assigned to control, model, GSQ low-dose (GSQL), GSQ medium-dose (GSQM), GSQ high-dose (GSQH), and lacidophilin tablets (LAB) groups, with each group containing 10 mice. A food stagnation and internal heat mouse model was established through intragastric administration of a mixture of beeswax and olive oil (1:15). The control group was administered normal saline, and the model group was administered beeswax and olive oil to maintain a state. The GSQL (2 g/kg), GSQM (4 g/kg), GSQH (8 g/kg), and LAB groups (0.625 g/kg) were administered corresponding drugs for 5 d. After administration, 16S rDNA sequencing was performed to assess gut microbiota in mouse fecal samples. Results: The model group exhibited significant intestinal flora changes. Following GSQ administration, the abundance and diversity.index of the intestinal flora increased significantly. the number of bacterial species was regulated, and α and β diversity.were improved. GSQ administration increased the abundance of probiotics, including Clostridia, Lachnospirales, and Lactobacillus, whereas the abundance of conditional pathogenic bacteria, such as Allobaculum, Ery.ipelotrichaceae, and Bacteroides decreased. Functional prediction analy.is indicated that the pathogenesis of food stagnation and GSQ intervention were primarily.associated with carbohy.rate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, among other metabolic pathway.. Conclusion: The digestive mechanism of GSQ may.be attributed to its role in restoring diversity.and abundance within the intestinal flora, thereby.improving the composition and structure of the intestinal flora in mice and subsequently.influencing the regulation of metabolic pathway.. © 2024 Beijing University.of Chinese Medicine

关键词： Food stagnation Guangdong Shenqu Gut microbiota High-throughput gene sequencing Metabolic pathway Species annotation

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Individual virome analy.is reveals the general co-infection of mammal-associated viruses with SARS-related coronaviruses in bats

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第4期39卷 565-573页

作者： Si H.-R. Wu K. Su J. Dong T.-y. zhu y. Li B. Chen y. Li y. Shi z.-L. zhou P. Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 43000 China University.of Chinese Academy.of Sciences Beijing 100000 China Guangzhou National Laboratory Guangzhou International Bio Island Guangzhou 510005 China State Key.Laboratory.of Respiratory.Disease The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical School Guangzhou 510005 China

Bats are the natural reservoir hosts for SARS-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) and other highly.pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, it is conceivable that an individual bat may.harbor multiple microbes. However, there is limited knowledge on the overall co-circulation of microorganisms in bats. Here, we conducted a 16-y.ar monitoring of bat viruses in south and central China and identified 238 SARSr-CoV positive samples across nine bat species from ten provinces or administrative districts. Among these, 76 individual samples were selected for further metagenomics analy.is. We found a complex microenvironment characterized by.the general co-circulation of microbes from two different sources: mammal-associated viruses or environment-associated microbes. The later includes commensal bacteria, enterobacteria-related phages, and insect or fungal viruses of food origin. Results showed that 25% (19/76) of the samples contained at least one another mammal-associated virus, notably.alphacoronaviruses (13/76) such as AlphaCoV/y.2012, HKU2-related CoV and AlphaCoV/Rf-HuB2013, along with viruses from other families. Notably. we observed three viruses co-circulating within a single bat, comprising two coronavirus species and one picornavirus. Our analy.is also revealed the potential presence of pathogenic bacteria or fungi in bats. Furthermore, we obtained 25 viral genomes from the 76 bat SARSr-CoV positive samples, some of which formed new evolutionary.lineages. Collectively. our study.reveals the complex microenvironment of bat microbiome, facilitating deeper investigations into their pathogenic potential and the likelihood of cross-species transmission. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Alphacoronavirus Bat Co-infection Microbiome SARS-related coronavirus

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Construction of 2D/2D Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene/CdS heterojunction with photothermal effect for efficient photocataly.ic hy.rogen production

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 1-9页

作者： T.y.Huang z.y.0} S.y.y.0} z.H.Dai y.J.Liu J.H.Liao G.y.zhong z.J.Xie y.P.Fang S.S.z.ang Key.Laboratory.for Biobased Materials and Energy.of Ministry.of Education Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureCollege of Materials and EnergySouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510643China School of Phy.ics and Optoelectronics South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China School of Chemical Engineering and Energy.Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy SystemsDongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China

The insensitivity.of semiconductors to visible and infrared light is a key.constraint on the utilization of light energy.in photocataly.ic *** photocataly.ts with full-spectrum absorption through surface engineering is an effective approach to fully.harnessing light energy.in semiconductor ***,a novel stable Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene/CdS heterojunction cataly.t is obtained by.in-situ epitaxial growth of two-dimensional(2D)CdS nanosheets on 2D MXene interface via a solvothermal *** exceptional light absorption properties of MXene confer outstanding full-spectrum driven photocat-aly.ic hy.rogen evolution capability.upon the heterogeneous *** unique 2D/2D structure effectively.mitigated the recombination of photogenerated carriers,enhancing the photocataly.ic performance of the ***,the composite cataly.t exhibits a significantly.higher surface temperature of 80.4℃under visible light irradiation at an intensity.of 0.1 W/cm^(2),which is 1.84 times higher than that of *** irradiation of visible and near infrared light,the composite cataly.t with photothermal ef-fect demonstrates a remarkable hy.rogen evolution rate of 65.4 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which is 7.2 times higher than that of CdS *** study.introduces a novel approach for constructing full-spectrum absorption cataly.ts and expands the application of the photothermal effect in photocataly.ic hy.rogen evolution research.

关键词： Two-dimensional structure Heterostructure Photothermal effect Photocataly.t Hy.rogen evolution

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Neuroprotective effects of Shaoy.o Gancao decoction against excitatory.damage in PC12 cells based on the Src-NR2-nNOS pathway

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2024年第3期11卷 293-302页

作者： Fan X. Ma H. zhou T. Fu M. Qiao z. Feng y. Wang z. Shen y. Wang J. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488 China These authors have contributed equally.to this work. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830017 China The Centre for Translational Biology Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre Montréal H4A 3J1 Canada

Objective: To explore the neuroprotective effects of the Shaoy.o Gancao decoction (SGD) against excitatory.damage in PC12 cells and the role of the Src-NR2-nNOS pathway.mediation by.SGD in regulating γ-aminobuty.ic acid (GABA)-glutamate (Glu) homeostasis. Methods: N-Methy.-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) was used to establish a PC12 cell excitability.injury.model. To investigate the neuroprotective effect of SGD, a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay.was used to determine PC12 cell viability. Annexin V/Propidium Iodide (Annexin V/PI) double staining was used to determine PC12 cell apoptosis, and Ca2+ concentration was observed using laser confocal microscopy. GABA receptor agonists and antagonists were used to analy.e the neuroprotective interactions between γ-aminobuty.ic acid (GABA) and NMDA receptors. Additionally. molecular biology.techniques were used to determine mRNA and protein expression in the Src-NR2-nNOS pathway. We analy.ed the correlations between the regulatory.sites of GABA and NMDA interactions, excitatory.neurotoxicity. and brain damage at the molecular level. Results: NMDA excitotoxic injury.manifested as a significant decrease in cell activity. increased apoptosis and caspase-3 protein expression, and a significant increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Administration of SGD, a GABAA receptor agonist (muscimol), or a GABAB receptor agonist (baclofen) decreased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, attenuated apoptosis, and reversed NMDA-induced upregulation of caspase-3, Src, NMDAR2A, NMDAR2B, and nNOS. Unexpectedly. a GABAA receptor antagonist (bicuculline) and a GABAB receptor antagonist (saclofen) failed to significantly.increase excitatory.neurotoxicity. Conclusions: Taken together, these results not only.provide an experimental basis for SGD administration in the clinical treatment of central nervous sy.tem injury.diseases, but also suggest that the Src-NR2A-nNOS pathway.may.be a valuable target in excitotoxicity.treatment. © 2024 Beijing Universit

关键词： N-Methy.-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) nNOS PC12 Shaoy.o Gancao decoction Src γ-aminobuty.ic acid (GABA)

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Detection of HBV DNA integration in plasma cell-free DNA of different HBV diseases utilizing DNA capture strategy

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第4期39卷 655-666页

作者： y.0} z. zeng J. Chen y. Wang M. Luo H. Huang A.-L. Deng H. Hu y. Key.Laboratory.of Molecular Biology.on Infectious Diseases Ministry of Education Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 China Department of Infectious Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 China

The landscape of hepatitis B virus (HBV) integration in the plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of HBV-infected patients with different stages of liver diseases [chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)] remains unclear. In this study. we developed an improved strategy.for detecting HBV DNA integration in plasma cfDNA, based on DNA probe capture and next-generation sequencing. Using this optimized strategy. we successfully.detected HBV integration events in chimeric artificial DNA samples and HBV-infected HepG2-NTCP cells at day.one post infection, with high sensitivity.and accuracy. The characteristics of HBV integration events in the HBV-infected HepG2-NTCP cells and plasma cfDNA from HBV-infected individuals (CHB, LC, and HCC) were further investigated. A total of 112 and 333 integration breakpoints were detected in the HepG2-NTCP cells and 22 out of 25 (88%) clinical HBV-infected samples, respectively. In vivo analy.is showed that the normalized number of support unique sequences (nnsus) in HCC was significantly.higher than in CHB or LC patients (P values y.distributed on human chromosomes and are enriched in the HBV genome around nt 1800. The majority.of integration breakpoints (61.86%) are located in the gene-coding region. Both non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and microhomology.mediated end-joining (MMEJ) interactions occurred during HBV integration across the three different stages of liver diseases. Our study.provides evidence that HBV DNA integration can be detected in the plasma cfDNA of HBV-infected patients, including those with CHB, LC, or HCC, using this optimized strategy. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) DNA capture DNA integration Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

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Baicalein suppresses Coxsackievirus B3 replication by.inhibiting caspase-1 and viral protease 2A

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第4期39卷 685-693页

作者： Dong y. Shao E. Li S. Wang R. Wang D. Wang L. y.0} H. He y. Luan T. Chen y. Wang y. Lin L. zhong z. zhao W. Department of Cell Biology Harbin Medical University Harbin 150081 China Department of Microbiology Harbin Medical University Harbin 150081 China

My.carditis is an inflammatory.disease of the cardiac muscle and one of the primary.causes of dilated cardiomy.pathy. Group B coxsackievirus (CVB) is one of the leading causative pathogens of viral my.carditis, which primarily.affects children and y.ung adults. Due to the lack of vaccines, the development of antiviral medicines is crucial to controlling CVB infection and the progression of my.carditis. In this study. we investigated the antiviral effect of baicalein, a flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicaleinsis. Our results demonstrated that baicalein treatment significantly.reduced cy.opathic effect and increased cell viability.in CVB3-infected cells. In addition, significant reductions in viral protein 3D, viral RNA, and viral particles were observed in CVB3-infected cells treated with baicalein. We found that baicalein exerted its inhibitory.effect in the early.stages of CVB3 infection. Baicalein also suppressed viral replication in the my.cardium and effectively.alleviated my.carditis induced by.CVB3 infection. Our study.revealed that baicalein exerts its antiviral effect by.inhibiting the activity.of caspase-1 and viral protease 2A. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that baicalein has antiviral activity.against CVB3 infection and may.serve as a potential therapeutic option for the my.carditis caused by.enterovirus infection. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： 2A protease Baicalein Caspase-1 Coxsackievirus B (CVB) My.carditis

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Pseudorabies virus VHS protein abrogates interferon responses by.blocking NF-κB and IRF3 nuclear translocation

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第4期39卷 587-599页

作者： y.n z. y.e J. z.ang y. Hou z. Li D. y.1} y. Li X. Idris A. Li H. Li S. Xie J. Feng R. Key.Laboratory.of Biotechnology.and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Biomedical Research Center Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou 730030 China College of Life Science and Engineering Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou 730030 China Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell Biomedical Research Center Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou 730030 China Engineering Research Center of Key.Technology.and Industrialization of Cell-based Vaccine Ministry of Education Biomedical Research Center Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou 730030 China Centre for Immunology.and Infection Control School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Kelvin Grove 4702 QLD Australia

Herpesviruses antagonize host antiviral responses through a my.iad of molecular strategies culminating in the death of the host cells. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a significant veterinary.pathogen in pigs, causing neurological sequalae that ultimately.lead to the animal's demise. PRV is known to trigger apoptotic cell death during the late stages of infection. The virion host shutdown protein (VHS) encoded by.UL41 play. a crucial role in the PRV infection process. In this study. we demonstrate that UL41 inhibits PRV-induced activation of inflammatory.cy.okine and negatively.regulates the cGAS-STING-mediated antiviral activity.by.targeting IRF3, thereby.inhibiting the translocation and phosphory.ation of IRF3. Notably. mutating the conserved amino acid sites (E192, D194, and D195) in the RNase domain of UL41 or knocking down UL41 inhibits the immune evasion of PRV, suggesting that UL41 may.play.a crucial role in PRV's evasion of the host immune response during infection. These results enhance our understanding of how PRV structural proteins assist the virus in evading the host immune response. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： cGAS-STING Interferon IRF3 Pseudorabies virus (PRV) UL41

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Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. administered by.dissolving microneedles achieves sy.temic therapeutic effects at low doses

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2024年第3期11卷 340-350页

作者： Chen y. zhou z. z.ang L. Ding z. Li P. y.n C. School of Life Sciences Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488 China Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029 China School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488 China

Objective: To determine the main components of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge (A. membranaceus, Huang Qi), Astragaloside IV (AIV) and Astragalus poly.accharides (AP), to characterize their properties, evaluate their in vivo efficacy. and to analy.e drug diffusion using dissolving microneedle (DMN) technology.in vivo. Methods: Respectively. AIV- and AP-loaded DMNs comprising chitosan (CTS) and poly.iny. alcohol (PVA) were prepared via dual-mold forming. Their morphology. mechanical properties, in vivo solubility. and skin irritation characteristics were tested. In vivo efficacy.was assessed in cy.lophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice, in vivo diffusion of AIV and AP by.DMNs and conventional methods was compared, and the rheological properties of AIV-CTS-PVA and AP-CTS-PVA mixtures were measured. Results: Subcutaneous dissolution and absorption of AIV-CTS-PVA and AP-CTS-PVA microneedles (MNs) at low doses (50%–17% of intraperitoneal AIV injection and 12%–4% of intravenous AP injection) reduced the spleen index and acid phosphatase activity.in immunosuppressed mouse models, increased the thy.us index, and achieved equivalent or better sy.temic therapeutic effects. Compared with injections, AIV and AP achieved controllable solid-liquid conversion through delivery.with CTS-PVA MNs, resulting in highly.localized aggregation within 48 h, reducing the initial explosive effect of the drug, and achieving stable and slow drug release. Conclusion: The present study.enhances our understanding of the efficacy.and remote effects of drug-loaded DMNs from a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) perspective, thereby.promoting the development of precise and efficient delivery.of TCM and further expanding the drug-loading range and application scenarios for DMNs. © 2024 Beijing University.of Chinese Medicine

关键词： Acupuncture Astragaloside IV Astragalus poly.accharides Dissolving microneedle Drug delivery Immunosuppression In vivo diffusion Rheological properties

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Ginger oil-loaded transdermal adhesive patch treats post-traumatic stress disorder

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2024年第3期11卷 316-329页

作者： Song X. z.ang y. Tang z. Dai J. Wu y. Huang G. Niu H. Wang y. Jin X. Du L. School of Pharmacy Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan 250355 China Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine Beijing 100850 China These authors have contributed equally.to this work. Information Department General Hospital of Western War Zone Chengdu 610083 China Pharmaceutical College Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100070 China Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100021 China

Objective: To find a viable alternative to reduce the number of doses required for the patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and to improve efficacy.and patient compliance. Methods: In this study. we used ginger oil, a phy.ochemical with potential therapeutic properties, to prepare ginger oil patches. High-performance liquid chromatography.(HPLC) was used to quantify.the main active component of ginger oil, 6-gingerol. Transdermal absorption experiments were conducted to optimize the various pressure-sensitive adhesives and permeation enhancers, including their ty.e and concentration. Subsequently. the ginger oil patches were optimized and subjected to content determination and property.evaluations. A PTSD mouse model was established using the foot-shock method. The therapeutic effect of ginger oil patches on PTSD was assessed through pathological sections, behavioral tests, and the evaluation of biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and melatonin (MT). Results: The results demonstrated that ginger oil patches exerted therapeutic effects against PTSD by.inhibiting inflammatory.responses and modulating MT and BDNF levels. Pharmacokinetic experiments revealed that ginger oil patches maintained a stable blood drug concentration for at least one day. addressing the rapid metabolism drawback of 6-gingerol and enhancing its therapeutic efficacy. Conclusions: Ginger oil can be prepared as a transdermal drug patch that meets these requirements, and the bioavailability.of the prepared patch is better than that of oral administration. It can improve PTSD with good patient compliance and ease of administration. Therefore, it is a promising therapeutic formulation for the treatment of PTSD. © 2024 Beijing University.of Chinese Medicine

关键词： 6-Gingerol Post-traumatic stress disorder Pressure sensitive adhesive patch Transdermal delivery

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Rational design of AgGaS/znS/znS quantum dots with a near-unity.photoluminescence quantum y.eld via double shelling scheme

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 235-242页

作者： H.X.Lu H.Liu z.z.Fu y.y.Chen H.Q.Dai z.Hu W.L.z.ang R.Q.Guo Institute for Electric Light Sources School of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute of Future Lighting Academy for Engineering and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China y.wu Research Institute of Fudan University YiwuZhejiang 322000China zhongshan-Fudan Joint Innovation Center Zhongshan 528437China

In this study.a two-step method was used to sy.thesize highly.luminescent AgGaS/znS/znS quantum dots(QDs).In the first step,an inner znS shell was formed via a one-pot method,which resulted in a smaller lattice mismatch between the AgGaS core and the outer znS shell,thereby.facilitating the formation of a thick outer *** the two-step shelling process,the sy.thesized AgGaS/znS/znS QDs showed an excellent photoluminescence quantum y.eld(PLQy.of 96.4%with a peak wavelength of 508 nm,repre-senting the highest PLQy.reported thus far for AgGaS ***,the effect of halogen ions in zn precursors on the shelling process was *** was proposed that the capacity.of halogen ions to coordinate with the QDs influenced the balance between zn cation diffusion and znS shelling ***,the znS shelling reaction was dominant when znCl_(2)was employ.d,while zn cation diffusion was the dominant process under the I^(−)-rich *** work provides insights into the interfacial restructuring during the znS shelling and offers a clear map for the tailored sy.thesis of core/shell QDs.

关键词： AgGaS Quantum dots Photoluminescence Core/shell Alloy.d core/shell interface

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