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Animal venom studies: Current benefits and future developments

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World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2015年第2期6卷 28-33页

作者： yuri n utkin Laboratory of Molecular Toxinology ShemyakinOvchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry

Poisonous organisms are represented in many taxa, including kingdom Animalia. During evolution, animals have developed special organs for production and injection of venoms. Animal venoms are complex mixtures, compositions of which depend on species producing venom. The most known and studied poisonous terrestrial animals are snakes, scorpions and spiders. Among marine animals, these are jellyfishes, anemones and cone snails. The toxic substances in the venom ofthese animals are mainly of protein and peptide origin. Recent studies have indicated that the single venom may contain up to several hundred different components producing diverse physiological effects. Bites or stings by certain poisonous species result in severe envenomations leading in some cases to death. This raises the problem of bite treatment. The most effective treatment so far is the application of antivenoms. To enhance the effectiveness of such treatments, the knowledge of venom composition is needed. On the other hand, venoms contain substances with unique biological properties, which can be used both in basic science and in clinical applications. The best example of toxin application in basic science is α-bungarotoxin the discovery of which made a big impact on the studies of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Today compositions of venom from many species have already been examined. Based on these data, one can conclude that venoms contain a large number of individual components belonging to a limited number of structural types. Often minor changes in the amino acid sequence give rise to new biological properties. Change in the living conditions of poisonous animals lead to alterations in the composition of venoms resulting in appearance of new toxins. At the same time introduction of new methods of proteomics and genomics lead to discoveries of new compounds, which may serve as research tools or as templates for the development of novel drugs. The application of these sensitive and comprehensiv

关键词： Venom Poison Snake Scorpion Spider Toxin

Modern trends in animal venom research-omics and nanomaterials

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World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2017年第1期8卷 4-12页

作者： yuri n utkin Laboratory of Molecular Toxinology ShemyakinOvchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry117997 MoscowRussia national University of Science and Technology MISiS 119049 MoscowRussia

Animal venom research is a specialized investigation field, in which a number of different methods are used and this array is constantly expanding. Thus, recently emerged omics and nanotechnologies have already been successfully applied to venom research. Animal venoms have been studied for quite a long time. The traditional reductionist approach has been to isolate individual toxins and then study their structure and function. Unfortunately, the characterization of the venom as a whole system and its multiple effects on an entire organism were not possible until recent times. The development of new methods in mass spectrometry and sequencing have allowed such characterizations of venom, encompassing the identification of new toxins present in venoms at extremely low concentrations to changes in metabolism of prey organisms after envenomation. In particular, this type of comprehensive research has become possible due to the development of the various omics technologies: Proteomics, peptidomics, transcriptomics, genomics and metabolomics. As in other research fields, these omics technologies ushered in a revolution for venom studies, which is now entering the era of big data. nanotechnology is a very new branch of technology and developing at an extremely rapid pace. It has found application in many spheres and has not bypassed the venom studies. nanomaterials are quite promising in medicine, and most studies combining venoms and nanomaterials are dedicated to medical applications. Conjugates of nanoparticles with venom components have been proposed for use as drugs or diagnostics. For example, nanoparticles conjugated with chlorotoxin- a toxin in scorpion venom, which has been shown to bind specifically to glioma cells- are considered as potential glioma-targeted drugs, and conjugates of neurotoxins with fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles or quantum dots may be used to detect endogenous targets expressed in live cells. The data on application of omics and nanot

关键词： Animal venom Proteomics Peptidomics Transcriptomics nanotechnology Genomics Quantum dots nanoparticles Metabolomics

Transient near tip fields in crack dynamics

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2011年第7期54卷 1309-1318页

作者： BRATOV Vladimir PETROV yuri utkin Alexander Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering Russian Academy of SciencesSt.-Petersburg 199178Russia St.-Petersburg State University St.-Petersburg 198504Russia

Transient effects of stress-strain fields in the vicinity of a stationary crack tip under high rate loads are *** analytical solutions to near tip stresses are compared to fields prescribed by leading terms(one or several) of Williams asymptotic *** of load application mode,time(or,which is the same,distance from a crack tip) and Poisson's ratio on this discrepancy is extensively *** effects connected with crack tip propagation speed are also *** inconsistencies between real(or received in numerical solutions of state *** element computations) crack tip fields and stress intensity factor(SIF) singular field observed by numerous researchers are *** scope of problems where SIF field can be used for correct prediction of dynamic stress-strain fields in the crack tip region is *** to correctly approximate fields that are not SIF dominated,accounting additional terms of Williams expansion,is studied.

关键词： transient crack tip fields dynamic fracture high-rate loads asymptotic expansions

Atomic-scale mechanisms of void strengthening in tungsten

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Tungsten 2021年第1期3卷 65-71页

作者： yuri n.Osetsky Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA

neutron and heavy-ion irradiation of tungsten produces nanometer-size vacancy voids,gas-filled bubbles and dislocation *** defect features can a ect mechanical properties and the impact can be quite significant because of their high *** the basic mechanisms of mechanical properties degradation is necessary for predicting radiation e *** can be made using discrete dislocation dynamics or/and finite element approaches which,however,need local interaction mechanisms as *** knowledge can be provided only by atomic-scale *** paper reports the results of an extensive atomic-scale modeling study of the interactions between moving edge dislocations and voids in *** main focus is on the e ects of the void size and ambient *** resolved shear stress was calculated for voids up to 9 nm in *** results are compared with the theoretical approach and with those obtained earlier for voids in body centered cubic(bcc)*** important role of the void surface has been revealed.

关键词： Tungsten neutron irradiation Voids Radiation-induced hardening Dislocations Dispersed barrier hardening

Atomistic material behavior at extreme pressures

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npj Computational Materials 2016年第1期2卷 93-96页

作者： Laurent Karim Béland yuri n Osetsky Roger E Stoller Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA

Computer simulations are routinely performed to model the response of materials to extreme environments,such as neutron(or ion)*** latter involves high-energy collisions from which a recoiling atom creates a so-called atomic displacement *** cascades involve coordinated motion of atoms in the form of supersonic *** shockwaves are characterized by local atomic pressures 415 GPa and interatomic distances o2Å.Similar pressures and interatomic distances are observed in other extreme environment,including short-pulse laser ablation,high-impact ballistic collisions and diamond anvil *** cascade simulations using four different force fields,with initial kinetic energies ranging from 1 to 40 keV,show that there is a direct relationship between these high-pressure states and stable defect *** important shortcoming in the modeling of interatomic interactions at these short distances,which in turn determines final defect production,is brought to light.

关键词： extreme defect latter

Machine perfusion of the liver:Putting the puzzle pieces together

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第34期27卷 5727-5736页

作者： yuri L Boteon Paulo n Martins Paolo Muiesan Andrea Schlegel Liver Unit Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinSão Paulo 05652-900Brazil Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert EinsteinSão Paulo 05652-900Brazil Department of Surgery Transplant DivisionUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States Hepatobiliary Unit Careggi University HospitalUniversity of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy Department of Visceral Surgery and Transplantation University Hospital ZurichSwiss HPB and Transplant CenterZurich 8091Switzerland

The realm of extended criteria liver transplantation created the'adjacent possible'for dynamic organ *** perfusion of the liver greatly expanded donor organ preservation possibilities,reaching before unattainable goals,including the mitigation of ischemia-reperfusion injury,viability assessment,and organ reconditioning prior to ***,current scientific evidence lacks uniformity between studies,perfusion protocols,and acceptance *** of collaborative research networks for sharing knowledge should,therefore,enable the development of high-level evidence and guidelines for machine perfusion utilization,including donor acceptance ***,this approach shall guarantee conditions for further progress to occur.

关键词： Machine perfusion of the liver Liver transplantation Organ donation Extended criteria donors Liver preservation Clinical trials

neurohumoral,cardiac and inflammatory markers in the evaluation of heart failure severity and progression

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2021年第1期18卷 47-66页

作者： Ekaterina A Polyakova Evgeny n Mikhaylov Dmitry L Sonin yuri V Cheburkin Mikhail M Galagudza Almazov national Medical Research Centre Saint-PetersburgRussia

Heart failure is common in adult population,accounting for substantial morbidity and mortality *** main risk factors for heart failure are coronary artery disease,hypertension,obesity,diabetes mellitus,chronic pulmonary diseases,family history of cardiovascular diseases,cardiotoxic *** main factor associated with poor outcome of these patients is constant progression of heart *** the current review we present evidence on the role of established and candidate neurohumoral biomarkers for heart failure progression management and diagnostics.A growing number of biomarkers have been proposed as potentially useful in heart failure patients,but not one of them still resembles the characteristics of the"ideal biomarker."A single marker will hardly perform well for screening,diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic management ***,the pathophysiological and clinical significance of biomarkers may depend on the presentation,stage,and severity of the *** authors cover main classification of heart failure phenotypes,based on the measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction,including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction,heart failure with reduced ejection fraction,and the recently proposed category heart failure with mid-range ejection *** could envisage specific sets of biomarker with different performances in heart failure progression with different left ventricular ejection fraction especially as concerns prediction of the future course of the disease and of left ventricular adverse/reverse *** article is intended to provide an overview of basic and additional mechanisms of heart failure progression will contribute to a more comprehensive knowledge of the disease pathogenesis.

关键词： cardiac and inflammatory markers in the evaluation of heart failure severity and progression neurohumoral

Development of waste-to-energy through integrated sustainable waste management:the case of ABREn WtERT Brazil towards changing status quo in Brazil

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第3期5卷 295-308页

作者： yuri Schmitke Almeida Belchior Tisi Flavio Arantes Matos Maria Luisa n.M.Carneiro Waste to Energy Research and Technology Council—WtERT Brasil Distrito FederalBrasília71316-109Brazil Waste to Energy Research and Technology Council—WtERT Brasil Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil Waste to Energy Research and Technology Council—WtERT Brasil Rio de JaneiroBrazil

In the context of circular economy,it is known that once waste is generated,it should be subject to proper treatment for recovering material or energy before being *** countries worldwide,especially developing countries such as Brazil,have been struggling to effectively apply sustainable waste management in municipalities and still rely on dumpsites and unsuitable ***,a weak legal framework,lack of financial resources and poor infra-structure as well as pressure from organizations profiting from the expansion of landfills are some factors contributing to the preservation of the negative status quo:the“landfill culture”.Material recovery,i.e.,recycling and composting,is applied to less than 5%of Brazilian municipal waste,while 95%is disposed of in landfills or *** this context,ABREn WtERT(Waste-to-Energy Research and Technology Council)Brazil was created in 2019 as the first permanent organization formed to promote the development of energy and material recovery from waste focused on the waste-to-energy(WTE)*** this paper,the strategy proposed and implemented by the organization towards changing the status quo in Brazil through an integrated sustainable waste management approach is *** proposed strategy integrates the concepts of Sustainability and Circular Economy for minimizing landfill disposal(avoiding methane emissions)and maximizing material/energy *** others,the approach focuses on changing the public opinion regarding thermal treatment facilities,mainly incinerators,which has been wrongly linked to pollution,excessive public expenditures and considered a harm to the recycling *** activities performed by ABREn include engaging public and private institutions,enhancing education,leading the publication of research and business studies,gathering industry members and academy experts,as well as creating strategic alliances with players around the *** a result,within a few years,major

关键词： Integrated Sustainable Waste Management(ISWM) Waste-to-energy(WTE) Municipal solid waste(MSW) Energy recovery

Intramolecular C→n 1,3-Migration of Alkoxycarbonyl or Acetyl Group-Applications, Limitations and Mechanism

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2005年第8期23卷 1103-1105页

作者： GOLOLOBOV, yuri G. A. n. nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences 28 ul. Vavilova 119991 Moscow Russia

A new type of intramolecular electrophilic rearrangements involving the shift of alkoxycarbonyl or acetyl groups from a carbon atom to an n-anionic center is presented.

关键词： intramolecular rearrangement alkoxycarbonyl acetyl