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Profiles and removal efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by two different types of sewage treatment plants in Hong Kong

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第3期29卷 196-206页

作者： Yu Bon Man Ka Lai Chow Zhang Cheng Wing Yin Mo yung hau chan James Chung Wah Lam Frankie Tat Kwong Lau Wing Cheong Fung Ming Hung Wong Consortium on Health EnvironmentEducation and Research(CHEER)and Department of Science and Environmental StudiesThe Education University of Hong KongTai PoHong KongChina Department of Environmental Engineering Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510630China State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution Croucher Institute for Environmental SciencesHong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina Department of Geography Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong KongChina College of Environment Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution and Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health City University of Hong KongKowioon TongHong KongChina The Drainage Services Department The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionHong KongChina

Sewage discharge could be a major source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in the coastal waters. Stonecutters Island and Shatin Sewage Treatment Works （SCISTW and STSTW） in Hong Kong, adopted chemically enhanced primary treatment and biological treatment, respectively. This study aimed at （1） determining the removal efficiencies of PAHs, （2） comparing the capabilities in removing PAHs, and （3） characterizing the profile of each individual PAHs, in the two sewage treatment plants （STPs）. Quantification of 16 PAHs was conducted by a Gas Chromatography. The concentrations of total PAHs decreased gradually along the treatment processes （from 301 ± 255 and 307 ± 217 ns/L to 14.9 ± 12.1 and 63.3 ± 54.1 ng/L in STSTW and SCISTW, respectively）. It was noted that STSTW was more capable in removing total PAHs than SCISTW with average total removal effidency 94.4% ± 4.12% us. 79.2% ± 7.48% （p 〈 0.05）. The removal of PAHs was probably due to sorption in particular matter, confirmed by the higher distribution coefficient of individual and total PAHs in solid samples （dewatered sludge contained 92.5% and 74.7% of total PAHs in SCISTW and STSTW, respectively） than liquid samples （final efffluent-total contained 7.53% and 25.3% of total PAHs in STSTW and SCISTW, respectively）. Despite the impressive capability of STSTW and SCISTW in removing PAHs, there was still a considerable amount of total PAHs （1.85 and 39.3 ks/year, respectively for the two STPs） being discharged into Hone Kon coastal waters, which would be an environmental concern.

关键词： Sewage treatment plantsPAHsRemoval efficiencySludgeSewage

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Interplay of laser power and pore characteristics in selective laser melting of ZK60 magnesium alloys:A study based on in-situ monitoring and image analysis

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1346-1366页

作者： Weijie Xie hau-Chung Man Chi-Wai chan Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Queen’s UniversityBelfast BT95AHUK Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

This study offers significant insights into the multi-physics phenomena of the SLM process and the subsequent porosity characteristics of ZK60 Magnesium(Mg)***-speed in-situ monitoring was employed to visualise process signals in real-time,elucidating the dynamics of melt pools and vapour plumes under varying laser power conditions specifically between 40 W and 60 *** morphological analysis was performed using Scanning-Electron Microscopy(SEM),demonstrating a critical correlation between laser power and pore *** laser power led to increased pore coverage,whereas a denser structure was observed at higher laser *** laser power influence on porosity was further confirmed via Optical Microscopy(OM)conducted on both top and cross-sectional surfaces of the *** increase in laser power resulted in a decrease in pore coverage and pore size,potentially leading to a denser printed part of Mg alloy.X-ray Computed Tomography(XCT)augmented these findings by providing a 3D volumetric representation of the sample internal structure,revealing an inverse relationship between laser power and overall pore *** laser power appeared to favour the formation of interconnected pores,while a reduction in interconnected pores and an increase in isolated pores were observed at higher *** interplay between melt pool size,vapour plume effects,and laser power was found to significantly influence the resulting porosity,indicating a need for effective management of these factors to optimise the SLM process of Mg alloys.

关键词： Selective laser melting(SLM) Magnesium(Mg)alloys Biodegradable implants Porosity In-situ monitoring

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Identification of novel small-molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 by chemical genetics

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第9期14卷 4028-4044页

作者： Chris Chun-Yiu chan Qian Guo Jasper Fuk-Woo chan Kaiming Tang Jian-Piao Cai Kenn Ka-Heng Chik Yixin Huang Mei Dai Bo Qin Chon Phin Ong Allen Wing-Ho Chu Wan-Mui chan Jonathan Daniel Ip Lei Wen Jessica Oi-Ling Tsang Tong-Yun Wang Yubin Xie Zhenzhi Qin Jianli Cao Zi-Wei Ye Hin Chu Kelvin Kai-Wang To Xing-Yi Ge Tao Ni Dong-Yan Jin Sheng Cui Kwok-yung Yuen Shuofeng Yuan State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases Carol Yu Centre for InfectionDepartment of MicrobiologySchool of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SAR 999077China Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518000China Centre for Virology Vaccinology and TherapeuticsHong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong Kong SAR 999077China Academician Workstation of Hainan Province Hainan Medical University-the University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious DiseasesHaikou 571100China School of Biomedical Sciences Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SAR 999077China NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens Institute of Pathogen Biology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China College of Biology Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical VirologyHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

There are only eight approved small molecule antiviral drugs for treating *** them,four are nucleotide analogues(remdesivir,JT001,molnupiravir,and azvudine),while the other four are protease inhibitors(nirmatrelvir,ensitrelvir,leritrelvir,and simnotrelvir-ritonavir).Antiviral resistance,unfavourable drug‒drug interaction,and toxicity have been reported in previous *** there is a dearth of new treatment options for *** this work,a three-tier cell-based screening was employed to identify novel compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 *** compound,designated 172,demonstrated broad-spectrum antiviral activity against multiple human pathogenic coronaviruses and different SARS-CoV-2 variants of *** studies validated by reverse genetics showed that compound 172 inhibits the 3-chymotrypsin-like protease(3CLpro)by binding to an allosteric site and reduces 3CLpro dimerization.A drug synergistic checkerboard assay demonstrated that compound 172 can achieve drug synergy with nirmatrelvir in *** vivo studies confirmed the antiviral activity of compound 172 in both Golden Syrian Hamsters and K18 humanized ACE2 ***,this study identified an alternative druggable site on the SARS-CoV-23CLpro,proposed a potential combination therapy with nirmatrelvir to reduce the risk of antiviral resistance and shed light on the development of allosteric protease inhibitors for treating a range of coronavirus diseases.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 High throughput screening Broad-spectrum antiviral treatment 3CLpro inhibitor Allosteric-site inhibitor Animal models Chemical genetics Reverse genetics

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An Easily Operating Polymer 1×4 Optical Waveguide Switch Matrix Based on Vertical Couplers

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Chinese Physics Letters 2007年第6期24卷 1728-1730页

作者： Kaixin Chen Pak L Chu hau Ping chan Kin S. Chiang Department of Electronic Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong Cotco Holdings Ltd Science Park Hong Kong

A three-dimensional （3D） polymer thermo-optic （TO） 1 × 4 waveguide switch matrix based on vertical couplers is demonstrated. It consists of four basic 3D switch units and because of its 3D structure, its construction is compact, only 9 mm in length; moreover, the control logic of the entire switch is very simple, the light signal can be easily switched to any output port by operating only a single switch unit. The finished devices exhibit a switching extinction ratio greater than 21 dB for all of four output ports and the crosstalk between two adjacent output ports is lower than -19 dB. The rise time and the fall time of the switch matrix are 0.8ms and 1.4ms, respectively. The required electrical power to initiate the switching function for M1 switching units is about 50mW.

关键词： Operating Waveguide Vertical

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Sensitivity of precipitation statistics to urban growth in a subtropical coastal megacity cluster

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第9期29卷 6-12页

作者： Christopher Claus Holst Johnny C.L.chan Chi-yung Tam School of Energy and Enuironment City Uniuersity of liong KongHong KongChina Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre City Uniuersity of Hong KongHong KongChina Earth System Science Programme The Chinese Uniuersity of Hong KongHong KongChina

This short paper presents an investigation on how human activities may or may not affect precipitation based on numerical simulations of precipitation in a benchmark case with modified lower boundary conditions, representing different stages of urban development in the model. The results indicate that certain degrees of urbanization affect the likelihood of heavy precipitation significantly, while less urbanized or smaller cities are much less prone to these effects. Such a result can be explained based on our previous work where the sensitivity of precipitation statistics to surface anthropogenic heat sources lies in the generation of buoyancy and turbulence in the planetary boundary layer and dissipation through triggering of convection. Thus only mega cities of sufficient size, and hence human-activity-related anthropogenic heat emission, can expect to experience such effects. In other words, as cities grow, their effects upon precipitation appear to grow as well.

关键词： Urban precipitation Micro climate sensitivity Urbanization

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Development of Virtual Equipment for a Hydraulic Mechanics Experiment

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第S1期13卷 261-265页

作者： chan Ying-Chieh CHEN Ya-Hsin KANG Shih-Chung LEE Tim-hau Department of Civil Engineering Taiwan University

Laboratory class is very important in the education of hydraulic mechanics. However, it usually requires a high expenditure on equipment purchase and maintenance. Virtual equipment that renders the equipment in a virtual world and provides an interactive interface for users can be an ideal solution to reduce costs. In this research, we focus on developing virtual equipment for a Venturi tube experiment. We em-ployed multiple paper-prototypes to gather user feedback on the preliminary design. Following the final pro-totype, we then implemented the virtual equipment on computers. Interactive functions have been built into the virtual equipment. Users are able to manipulate the equipment and obtain real-time feedback as if they were using actual equipment. The results show that the development of the virtual equipment is technically feasible.

关键词： virtual reality engineering education user interface

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Influence of South China Sea SST and the ENSO on Winter Rainfall over South China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第4期27卷 832-844页

作者：周连童 Chi-yung TAM 周文 Johnny C. L. chan Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences CityU-IAP Laboratory for Atmospheric Sciences City University of Hong Kong Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong Kong

The present study investigates the influence of South China Sea （SCS） SST and ENSO on winter （January-February-March; JFM） rainfall over South China and its dynamic processes by using station observations for the period 1951-2003, Met Office Hadley Center SST data for the period 1900-2008, and ERA-40 reanalysis data for the period 1958-2002. It is found that JFM rainfall over South China has a sig- nificant correlation with Nio-3 and SCS SST. Analyses show that in El Nio or positive SCS SST anomaly years, southwesterly anomalies at 700 hPa dominate over the South China Sea, which in turn transports more moisture into South China and favors increased rainfall. A partial regression analysis indicates that the independent ENSO influence on winter rainfall occurs mainly over South China, whereas SCS SST has a larger independent influence on winter rainfall in northern part of South China. The temperature over South China shows an obvious decrease at 300 hPa and an increase near the surface, with the former induced by Nio-3 and the latter SCS SST anomalies. This enhances the convective instability and weakens the potential vorticity （PV）, which explains the strengthening of ascending motion and the increase of JFM rainfall over South China.

关键词： ENSO South China Sea SST rainfall convective instability potential vorticity

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Prediabetes in children and adolescents:An updated review

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2023年第5期12卷 263-272页

作者： Hak yung Ng Louis Tsz Wang chan Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Tseung Kwan O HospitalHong KongChina

Prediabetes,the precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus,is an intermediate stage between normal glucose homeostasis and overt *** asymptomatic metabolic state is increasingly prevalent in pediatric population and is very difficult to detect without appropriate *** have shown that a certain proportion of children with prediabetes will develop diabetes in a few *** more alarming is the evidence that youth-onset diabetes has a more aggressive clinical course with progressive beta-cell decline and accelerated endorgan *** its importance,several aspects involving prediabetes in childhood are disputed or *** review presents the latest insights into this challenging entity and outlines a simplified screening approach to aid clinical *** summary,childhood prediabetes is an important clinical condition indicating the need for proper screening and timely intervention.

关键词： Prediabetes Screening Diagnosis Management Obesity Type 2 diabetes mellitus Children

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Risk Perception and Knowledge in Fire Risk Reduction in a Dong Minority Rural Village in China: A Health-EDRM Education Intervention Study

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第3期9卷 306-318页

作者： Emily Ying Yang chan Holly Ching Yu Lam Phoebe Pui Wun Chung Zhe Huang Tony Ka Chun yung Kelvin Wai Kit Ling Gloria Kwong Wai chan Cheuk Pong Chiu Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC) The Chinese University of Hong Kong Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong Kong Franois-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights Harvard University Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (IRDR) International Centre of Excellence–CCOUC (ICoE-CCOUC)

Fire is one of the major disasters in rural communities but evidence of the effectiveness of education interventions against fire risks is limited. This was a 2-year study assessed the effectiveness of face-to-face Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management(HealthEDRM) education interventions for raising fire risk reduction knowledge in a fire-prone rural ethnic minority community. The study was conducted in various pre-set time points of an intervention-based project in a Dongbased community in Nanjiang Village, Guizhou Province in 2015 and 2016 to increase knowledge among the villagers about how to reduce general-and electrical-fire risks. Pre-and post-intervention questionnaires were used to evaluate the effectiveness of increasing fire risk-related knowledge through these interventions, immediately after the 2015 and 2016 interventions, and 17 months after the 2015 intervention. The knowledge of using fire blanket,recalling the correct emergency telephone number,unplugging unused electrical appliances, and not using water to extinguish electrical fires had immediately improved after the interventions. Subjects demonstrated a better understanding that fire blankets can fight a blaze if used appropriately, and that knowledge was sustained for 17 months. The interventions were effective in improving fire prevention and response knowledge. Targeted interventions should be organized according to communities' culture, the evolution of economic prosperity and lifestyle practices.

关键词： Dong village Fire risk education Fire risk perception Fire risk reduction Health education Rural China Health-EDRM

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Total Ginsenoside Extract from Panax ginseng Enhances Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation by Inactivating GSK-3β

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022年第3期28卷 229-235页

作者： LIN Kai-li ZHANG Ji CHUNG hau-lam WU Xin-yi LIU Bin ZHAO Bo-xin SZE Stephen Cho-wing ZHOU Ping-zheng yung Ken Kin-lam ZHANG Shi-qing School of Public Health Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou(511436)China Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University(HKBU)Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(999077)China HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education ShenzhenGuangdong Provinee(518057)China Department of Plastic Surgery Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou(510515)China Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou(510260)China Department of Pharmacy Nan fang HospitalSouther n Medical Un iversityGuan gzhou(510515)China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou(510515)China

Objective:To study the effects of total ginsenosides(TG)extract from Panax ginseng on neural stem cell(NSC)proliferation and differentiation and their underlying ***:The migration of NSCs after treatment with various concentrations of TG extract(50,100,or 200μg/mL)were *** proliferation of NSCs was examined by a combination of cell counting kit-8 and neurosphere *** differentiation mediated by TG extract was evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining to monitor the expression of nestin and microtubule associated protein 2(MAP2).The GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway in TG-treated NSCs was examined by Western blot *** NSCs with constitutively active GSK-3βmutant were made by adenovirus-mediated gene transfection,then the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs mediated by TG were further ***:TG treatment significantly enhanced NSC migration(P<0.01 or P<0.05)and increased the proliferation of NSCs(P<0.01 or P<0.05).TG mediation also significantly upregulated MAP2 expression but downregulated nestin expression(P<0.01 or P<0.05).TG extract also significantly induced GSK-3βphosphorylation at Ser9,leading to GSK-3βinactivation and,consequently,the activation of the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway(P<0.01 or P<0.05).In addition,constitutive activation of GSK-3βin NSCs by the transfection of GSK-3βS9 A mutant was found to significantly suppress TG-mediated NSC proliferation and differentiation(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Conclusion:TG promoted NSC proliferation and neuronal differentiation by inactivating GSK-3β.

关键词： ginsenoside neural stem cell proliferation neuronal differentiation GSK-3β

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