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Formation,evolution,reconstruction of black shales and their influence on shale oil and gas resource

china Geology 2024年第3期7卷 551-585页

作者： Shi-zhen Li Qiu-chen Xu Mu Liu Guo-heng Liu Yi-fan Li Wen-yang Wang Xiao-guang Yang Wei-bin Liu Yan-fei An Peng Sun tao Liu Jiang-hui Ding Qian-chao Li Chao-gang Fang state key laboratory of Continental Shale Oil Beijing 100083China The key laboratory of Unconventional Oil and Gas Geology China Geological SurveyBeijing 100083China Oil and Gas Survey China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100083China state key laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China School of Energy resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China key laboratory of petroleum {3.s Research Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of resource and Environment Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Yangtze university Wuhan 430100China Nanjing Center China Geological SurveyNanjing 210016China National Elite Institute of Engineering CNPCBeijing 100096China

Black shales are important products of material cycling and energy exchange among the lithosphere,atmosphere,hydrosphere,and *** are widely distributed throughout geological history and provide essential energy and mineral resources for the development of human *** also record the evolution process of the earth and improve the understanding of the *** review focuses on the diagenesis and formation mechanisms of black shales sedimentation,composition,evolution,and reconstruction,which have had a significant impact on the formation and enrichment of shale oil and *** terms of sedimentary environment,black shales can be classified into three types:Marine,terrestrial,and marine-terrestrial transitional *** formation processes include mechanisms such as eolian input,hypopycnal flow,gravity-driven and offshore bottom *** a geological perspective,the formation of black shales is often closely related to global or regional major geological *** enrichment of organic matter is generally the result of the interaction and coupling of several factors such as primary productivity,water redox condition,and sedimentation *** terms of evolution,black shales have undergone diagenetic evolution of inorganic minerals,thermal evolution of organic matter and hydrocarbon generation,interactions between organic matter and inorganic minerals,and pore *** terms of reconstruction,the effects of fold deformation,uplift and erosion,and fracturing have changed the stress state of black shale reservoirs,thereby having a significant impact on the pore *** activity promotes the formation of veins,and have changed the material composition,stress structure,and reservoir properties of black *** resource effects,the deposition of black shales is fundamental for shale oil and gas resources,the evolution of black shales promotes the shale oil and gas formation and storage,and the reconstruction of black shales wou

关键词： Black shales Shale oil and gas resource effects Sedimentary environment Sedimentary process Organic matter accumulation Diagenetic evolution Thermal evolution Organic matter and inorganic minerals Tectonic reconstruction Oil and gas exploration engineering Veins Fluid activity

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Polypyrrole as an ultrafast organic cathode for dual-ion batteries

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eScience 2021年第2期1卷 186-193页

作者： tao Sun Qi-Qi Sun yue Yu Xin-Bo Zhang state key laboratory of Rare Earth {3. Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022PR China National&Local United Engineering laboratory for Power Batteries Faculty of ChemistryNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunJilin130024PR China

Organic electrode materials based on the chemical bond cleavage/recombination working principle usually produce unimpressive reaction kinetics and *** this work,polypyrrole(PPy)is investigated as an ultrafast(87%retention at 20 A g^(-1))and stable(83.retention across 3.00 cycles)cathode material in PPy|graphite dualion *** fast intrinsic reaction kinetics,coupled with a capacitance-dominated mechanism,enable PPy to bypass the sluggish chemical bond rearrangement *** induced secondary doping improves the ordered aggregation of polymer chains and thus has a profound impact on anion diffusion and electrical *** excellent rate capability presented here changes our understanding of organic electrode materials and could prove useful for designing ultrafast rechargeable electrochemical devices.

关键词： Polypyrrole Organic electrode Conductive polymers Dual-ion batteries

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Climate change risk assessment for ski areas in china

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第2期14卷 300-312页

作者： Jie DENG tao CHE Yan-Xing HU Shan-Na yue Jing-Hu PAN Li-Yun DAI Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu ProvinceNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China state key laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and EnvironmentInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Geography and Environment Science Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730070China

The successful bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics has provided a strong impetus for the development of china's ski *** areas have sprung up throughout the country,even in the low latitudes south of 3.°***,ski tourism is extremely susceptible to weather and climate *** the context of global warming,it has become important to assess the climate reliability of ski ***,this study demonstrates a novel approach to assessing the ski tourism sector's climate risks,which can be easily applied in other markets catering to the same *** the random forest regression model based on climate projections and survey data,we projected the ski season start dates,end dates and season lengths of 694 existing ski areas in china under three emission scenarios(RCP2.6,RCP4.5 and RCP8.5).Climate projections,including air temperature,snowfall,rainfall,wind speed and air humidity,were the ensemble means from five climate *** indicate that ski areas in china may have later start dates,earlier end dates and shorter ski seasons before *** the 2090s,under RCP2.6,RCP4.5 and RCP8.5,20%(13.),28%(195)and 3.%(245)of ski areas are projected to be at high climate risk(ski season less than 60 d),respectively,while 28%(197),23.(157)and 8%(56)of ski areas are at low climate risk(ski season with at least 100 d),*** climate risks are ranked from the highest to lowest in East,Central,Southwest,North,Northwest and Northeast ***,the ski tourism sector in the latitudes south of 40°N is exposed to much higher climate risks than in areas north of 40°***,climatic reliability should be carefully considered before establishing or expanding ski areas to avoid unnecessary {3. waste and ecological damage,as well as to promote sustainable development in mountain areas.

关键词： Climate risk Ski tourism Sustainability Machine learning china

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Influencing mechanism of saline sediments on pore system formation and evolution in terrestrial shales

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petroleum Science 2023年第6期20卷 3280-3300页

作者： Yu-Qi Wu Fu-Jie Jiang Di Chen Jing Guo Chen-Xi Zhu Zhao Zhao Zhuo-yue Yan tao Hu state key laboratory of {3. resources and prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Tianjin Branch of CNOOC china Ltd Tianjin300452China

The majority of oil and gas resources in the world are related to saline sediments, which mainly occur in sedimentary strata in the form of cap rocks or salt-associated shales. A large number of shale oil resources have been discovered in the saline shale sediments of the Cenozoic terrestrial lake basin in china. The hydrocarbon generation ability and the reservoir capacity of shale control the oil and gas generation. The reservoir capacity is mainly characterized by pore type, structure and porosity. Most of china’s shale oil and gas resources belong to salt-bearing formations. The role of gypsum-salt rocks in the formation and evolution of organic matter (OM) in such formations has received extensive attention. However, systematic understanding is lacking. Research on the pore formation and evolution in shale under the action of gypsum-salt rock sediments is especially weak. Taking the shales in the third member of the Shahejie Formation (Es_(3.) of the Bohai Bay Basin as an example, the influence of halite on the formation and evolution process of pores was studied in this paper. The results show that halite and gypsum minerals were associated with OM, which made them more likely to develop OM pores. The samples with a high halite mineral content (HC) are more developed regarding the pore volume and specific surface area than those with a low HC. The formation of thick salt rocks is influenced by factors of deep thermal brine upwelling, sea erosion and arid environments. The frequent alternation between humid and arid environments led to the outbreak and death of organisms and the precipitation of gypsum-salt rock, which formed the simultaneous deposition of OM and halite minerals. Finally, we have established a model of shale pore evolution under the participation of the gypsum-salt rock, and halite minerals contribute to pore development in both Stage II and Stage IV. This study provides strong microscopic evidence for the pore system formation and evolution in

关键词： Bohai bay basin Dongpu depression Pore evolution Salt-associated shale Halite mineral

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Rock mechanical properties of coal in cryogenic condition

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petroleum Science 2023年第1期20卷 407-423页

作者： Hai-tao Wen Rui-yue Yang Mei-Yang Jing Zhong-Wei Huang Chun-Yang Hong Jian-Xiang Chen Ri-Chao Cong state key laboratory of {3. resources and prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China

Liquid nitrogen(LN2)fracturing is a kind of non-aqueous fracturing technology,which is expected to provide a new and efficient way for coalbed methane(CBM)*** mechanical properties of coal under LN_(2) freezing are very important for studying the mechanism of LN2 ***,most of the current research is limited to studying mechanical properties of rocks after being frozen by LN2 and returned to room *** this paper,the effect of LN2 freezing on the mechanical properties of coal was *** strength tests and Brazil tests were carried out for dry and water-saturated coal samples with different types and bedding *** addition,standard electron microscopy(standard SEM)and cryo-electron microscopy(Cryo-SEM)were used to compare the fracture morphology of coal samples at room temperature and LN_(2) *** results showed that LN_(2) freezing can damage and improve the mechanical properties of coal *** strength of saturated coal under freezing is higher than that of dry coal,and the filling of ice can enhance the mechanical strength of *** addition,the mechanical properties of coal with higher porosity are enhanced more than that of coal with lower porosity under LN_(2) *** main findings of this study are the keys to the research of LN_(2) fracturing mechanisms in CBM reservoirs.

关键词： Liquid nitrogen freezing Mechanical properties Damage and strengthening Coal

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祖师麻皮肤刺激性观察和基于生物信息学的机制预测

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世界中医药 2024年第2期19卷 147-154,160页

作者：赵苗苗马骏孙涛朱仁愿刘兴国田悦毛鸿段海婧魏舒畅甘肃中医药大学兰州730000 国家中医药管理局中医药科研三级实验室中药药理实验室兰州730000 兰州市食品药品检验检测研究院兰州730020 甘肃泰康制药有限责任公司武威733000

目的:观察祖师麻干浸膏粉及不同萃取部位的皮肤刺激性,并基于生物信息学预测其刺激性成分及作用机制。方法:将斯泼累格·多雷(SD)大鼠随机分为完整皮肤组和破损皮肤组,观察连续给药7 d和停药后3.d皮肤状况。运用中药系统药理学数据库与... 详细信息

目的:观察祖师麻干浸膏粉及不同萃取部位的皮肤刺激性,并基于生物信息学预测其刺激性成分及作用机制。方法:将斯泼累格·多雷(SD)大鼠随机分为完整皮肤组和破损皮肤组,观察连续给药7 d和停药后3.d皮肤状况。运用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)查询祖师麻刺激性成分和作用靶点。通过GeneCards数据库、在线人类孟德尔遗传数据库(OMIM)等数据库收集疾病靶点。运用Metascape平台进行基因本体(GO)富集以及京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析,将核心靶点与祖师麻刺激性成分进行分子对接。结果:祖师麻干浸膏粉低、中剂量组对破损皮肤有轻微红斑、水肿反应;祖师麻干浸膏粉高剂量组、石油醚部位和二氯甲烷部位对完整皮肤和破损皮肤均有轻微红斑、水肿反应;乙酸乙酯部位和水层部位均无红斑、水肿反应。2)从祖师麻活性成分中筛选出7种刺激性成分,通路富集的主要通路为磷酸肌醇-3.激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3.-AKT)信号通路、细胞增殖的肉瘤基因(Ras)信号通路、促分裂原活化的蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路、端粒结合蛋白(Rap1)信号通路和松弛素(Relaxin)信号通路等。分子对接结果中瑞香毒素、木犀草素以及大黄素甲醚与核心靶点的结合最稳定。结论:祖师麻干浸膏粉高剂量下有轻微皮肤刺激性,可能是存在于石油醚和二氯甲烷部位中的瑞香毒素、木犀草素以及大黄素甲醚等通过多靶点、多通路的复杂作用促进炎症介质的生成,引起皮肤轻微红斑和水肿。

关键词：祖师麻萃取部位皮肤刺激性生物信息学瑞香毒素木犀草素大黄素甲醚网络药理学

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Ambient volatile organic compounds at a receptor site in the Pearl River Delta region:Variations,source apportionment and effects on ozone formation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第1期34卷 104-117页

作者： Yao Meng Junwei Song Lewei Zeng Yingyi Zhang Yan Zhao Xufei Liu Hai Guo Liuju Zhong Yubo Ou Yan Zhou tao Zhang Dingli yue Senchao Lai The key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters Ministry of Educationand Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution ControlSchool of Environment and EnergySouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344Germany Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality MonitoringGuangzhou 510308China Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering Foshan 528216China

We present the continuously measurements of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)at a receptor site(Wan Qing Sha,WQS)in the Pearl River Delta(PRD)region from September to November of *** average mixing ratios of total VOCs(TVOCs)was 3..3.27.9 ppbv with the dominant contribution from alkanes(55.5%),followed by aromatics(3..3.).The diurnal variation of TVOCs showed a strong photochemical consumption during daytime,resulting in the formation of ozone(O_(3.).Five VOC sources were resolved by the positive matrix factorization(PMF)model,including solvent usage(28.6%),liquid petroleum gas(LPG)usage(24.4%),vehicle exhaust(21.0%),industrial emissions(13.2%)and gasoline evaporation(12.9%).The regional transport air masses from the upwind cities of south china can result in the elevated concentrations of *** ratios of TVOCs/NO_(x)(1.53.0.88)suggested that the O_(3. formation regime at WQS site was VOC-limited,which also confirmed by a photochemical box model with the master chemical mechanism(PBM-MCM).Furthermore,the observation on high-O_(3. episode days revealed that frequent O_(3. outbreaks at WQS were mainly caused by the regional transport of anthropogenic VOCs especially for aromatics and the subsequent photochemical *** study provides valuable information for policymakers to propose the effective control strategies on photochemical pollution in a regional perspective.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) Pearl River Delta(PRD)region Source apportionment Ozone(O_(3.) Regional transport

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Sedimentary-tectonic interaction on the growth sequence architecture within the intraslope basins of deep-water Niger Delta Basin

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2023年第1期12卷 107-128页

作者： Jia-Jia Zhang Sheng-He Wu Guang-Yi Hu Da-Li yue Cheng Chen Mei Chen Ji-tao Yu Qi-Cong Xiong Li-Qiong Wang College of Geosciences State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and ProspectingChina University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Research Institute China National Offshore Oil CorporationBeijing 100028China The Fourth Gas Production Plant Changqing Oilfield CompanyPetroChinaOrdos 017300Inner Mongolia Autonomous RegionChina

This paper presents a 3. seismic-based case study from the deep-water Niger Delta Basin to investigate sedimentary-tectonic interaction on growth sequence architecture within the thrust-related intraslope or piggyback basins. Gravitational contraction in the lower continental slope had yielded a series of thrust faults and associated folds in the study area, which formed several piggyback basins. These basins were filled by a suite of growth sequences with varying stratigraphic architecture. Analysis of the 3. seismic data recognized three primary seismic facies types respectively as: convergent, draping and chaotic, which contain seven subtypes. These facies types are combined to form different filling successions for convergent or chaotic growth sequences. The convergent growth sequences mainly occur in the deep section of basin fills during strong gravitational deformation, and always began with convergent-baselapping strata succeeded by convergent-thinning strata, representing pond-to-bypass transition in the ponded-basin accommodation space. The chaotic growth sequences mainly occur in the shallow section of basin fills in response to weak gravitational deformation, and usually began with debris-flow deposits succeeded by channel-levee complexes, reflecting dominant erosion-bypass processes in the slope accommodation space. A dynamic fill-andspill model considering relationship between episodic sedimentation rate and structural growth rate is proposed to explain the formative mechanisms of growth strata units and associated successions. Interaction between glaciation or deglaciation and sea-level change and gravitational deformation history are suggested to be the factor which resulted in the complex stratal stacking patterns, including progradational or retrogradational stacking patterns within convergent growth sequences, and progradational stacking patterns within chaotic growth sequences.

关键词： Intraslope basin Gravitational deformation Growth sequence Stratigraphic architecture Niger Delta Basin

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Digital core approach to the effects of clay on the electrical properties of saturated rocks using lattice gas automation

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Applied Geophysics 2011年第1期8卷 11-17,94页

作者： yue Wen-Zheng tao Guo Chai Xi-Yuan Cui Dong-Zi state key laboratory of {3. resource and prospecting Key Laboratory of Earth Prospecting and Information Technology CNPC Key Lab of Well Logging China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Bohai Drilling Engineering Company LTD Logging Company Tianjin 300280 China Petrochina GWDC Drilling Technology Services Company Panjin 124010 China

Clay has a significant influence on the relationship between resistivity index I and water saturation Sw （i.e, I-Sw relationship） of reservoir rocks because it complicates the current paths of these rocks. It is difficult to reveal the physical mechanisms of these clay effects on the conductivities of various rocks by physical laboratory measurements because the pore structure, micro distribution and content of clay inside a rock can not be observed and controlled during the experiments. We present a digital rock approach to study these clay effects on the electrical transport properties of reservoir rocks at pore scale using lattice gas automation （LGA） method. The digital rock samples are constructed with the information of grain size distribution from SEM images of reservoir rocks. The LGA is then applied on these digital rocks fully saturated with fluids to simulate the electrical transport properties for revealing the effects of volume and distribution patterns of clay on the non-Archie behaviors of the I-Sw relationship. The very good agreement between the simulated results and the laboratory measurements clearly demonstrates the validity of the LGA in numerical research of rock physics. Based on these studies, a new model has been developed for quantitatively describing the relationship between the saturation exponent and the volume of clay （Vsh）. This development may improve the evaluation for the fluid saturations in reservoir rocks.

关键词： Lattice gas automation Digital rock non-Archie behavior of I-Sw relationship clay content

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MosaicBase:A Knowledgebase of Postzygotic Mosaic Variants in Noncancer Disease-related and Healthy Human Individuals

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2020年第2期18卷 140-149页

作者： Xiaoxu Yang Changhong Yang Xianing Zheng Luoxing Xiong Yutian tao Meng Wang Adam Yongxin Ye Qixi Wu Yanmei Dou Junyu Luo Liping Wei August yue Huang Center for Bioinformatics State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene ResearchSchool of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Bioinformatics Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China National Institute of Biological Sciences Beijing 102206China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences(CLS) Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100730China School of Life Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Mosaic variants resulting from postzygotic mutations are prevalent in the human genome and play important roles in human ***,except for cancer-related variants,there is no collection of postzygotic mosaic variants in noncancer disease-related and healthy ***,we present MosaicBase,a comprehensive database that includes 6698 mosaic variants related to 266 noncancer diseases and 27,991 mosaic variants identified in 422 healthy *** and phenotypic information of each variant was manually extracted and curated from 3.3.*** supports the query of variants with Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM)entries,genomic coordinates,gene symbols,or Entrez *** also provide an integrated genome browser for users to easily access mosaic variants and their related annotations for any genomic *** analyzing the variants collected in MosaicBase,we find that mosaic variants that directly contribute to disease phenotype show features distinct from those of variants in individuals with mild or no phenotypes,in terms of their genomic distribution,mutation signatures,and fraction of mutant *** will not only assist clinicians in genetic counseling and diagnosis but also provide a useful resource to understand the genomic baseline of postzygotic mutations in the general human *** is publicly available at http://***/or http://49.***.21.8:8000.

关键词： Postzygotic Mosaicism Noncancer Mutation MosaicBase

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