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Extreme value theory applied to the auroral electrojet indices

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第2期8卷 375-381页

作者： Si Chen hong yuan Yong Wei Guang Yang FengZheng Yu Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The study of extreme weather and space events has gained paramount importance in modern society owing to rapid advances in high *** and describing exceptional occurrences plays a crucial role in making decisive assessments of their potential impact on technical,economic,and social aspects in various *** research focuses on analyzing the hourly values of the auroral electrojet(AE)geomagnetic index from 1957 to 2019 by using the peak over threshold method in extreme value *** fitting the generalized Pareto distribution to extreme AE values,shape parameter indices were derived,revealing negative values that establish an upper bound for this time ***,it became evident that the AE values had reached a plateau,suggesting that extreme events exceeding the established upper limit are *** a result,although the need for diligent precautions to mitigate the consequences of such extreme events persists,surpassing the upper limit of AE values becomes increasingly *** is also possible to observe an aurora in the middle-and low-latitude regions during the maximum period of the AE index.

关键词： auroral electrojet indices extreme value theory extreme events

Functionalized lipid nanoparticles modulate the blood-brain barrier and eliminate α-synuclein to repair dopamine neurons

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2024年第2期19卷 120-135页

作者： Xiaomei Wu Renxiang yuan Yichong Xu Kai Wang hong yuan Tingting Meng Fuqiang Hu Department of Pharmacy Ruijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200000China College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University Jinhua 321299China

The challenge in the clinical treatment of Parkinson's disease lies in the lack of disease-modifying therapies that can halt or slow down the progression. Peptide drugs, such as exenatide (Exe), with potential disease-modifying efficacy, have difficulty in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) due to their large molecular weight. Herein, we fabricate multi-functionalized lipid nanoparticles (LNP) Lpc-BoSA/CSO with BBB targeting, permeability-increasing and responsive release functions. Borneol is chemically bonded with stearic acid and, as one of the components of Lpc-BoSA/CSO, is used to increase BBB permeability. Immunofluorescence results of brain tissue of 15-month-old C57BL/6 mice show that Lpc-BoSA/CSO disperses across the BBB into brain parenchyma, and the amount is 4.21 times greater than that of conventional LNP. Motor symptoms of mice in Lpc-BoSA/CSO-Exe group are significantly improved, and the content of dopamine is 1.85 times (substantia nigra compacta) and 1.49 times (striatum) that of PD mice. α-Synuclein expression and Lewy bodies deposition are reduced to 51.85% and 44.72% of PD mice, respectively. Immunohistochemical mechanism studies show AKT expression in Lpc-BoSA/CSO-Exe is 4.23 times that of PD mice and GSK-3β expression is reduced to 18.41%. Lpc-BoSA/CSO-Exe could reduce the production of α-synuclein and Lewy bodies through AKT/GSK-3β pathway, and effectively prevent the progressive deterioration of Parkinson's disease. In summary, Lpc-BoSA/CSO-Exe increases the entry of exenatide into brain and promotes its clinical application for Parkinson's disease therapy.

关键词： Blood-brain barrier Lipid nanoparticles Brain delivery facilitation α-Symuclein Parkinson's disease

Nature-inspired design of droplet-synthesized polymeric nanoelectrode for photoelectrochemical microRNA sensing within single cells

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Science Bulletin 2024年第2期69卷 159-162页

作者： Si-yuan Yu Yi-Li Liu Zheng Li Dechen Jiang Jing-Juan Xu hong-yuan Chen Wei-Wei Zhao State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Nanoelectrodes have been shown to be powerful tools for nanoscopic research on single entities,deepening the understanding of heterogeneity and stochastics for single molecules,nanoparticles and cells[1–3].However,despite their importance,current nanoelectrode preparations are highly restrained to flame/electrochemical etching,metal sputtering,electrochemical deposition,etc.[3],resulting in a limited range of materials(mainly gold,platinum and carbon)for potential-resolved detection of redox-active species(Table S1 online).The enrichment of preparation methods to introduce novel materials and mechanisms should prove significant for the development of nanoelectrodes.

关键词： electrode deepening restrained

Risk factors for recurrence of common bile duct stones after surgical treatment and effect of ursodeoxycholic acid intervention

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第1期16卷 103-112页

作者： Wei-hong yuan Zheng Zhang Qi Pan Bo-Neng Mao Tao yuan Department of Gastroenterology Yixing People’s HospitalYixing 214200Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is an accurate diagnostic method for choledocholithiasis and treatment option for stone ***,ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)can dissolve cholesterol stones and prevent their development and reappearance by lowering the cholesterol concen-tration in *** these treatment options,there are still patients who experience stone *** clinical data of 100 patients with choledochal stones who were hospitalized at the Yixing People’s Hospital and underwent ERCP for successful stone extraction between June 2020 and December 2022 were retrospectively *** to the post-ERCP treatment plan,100 patients were classified into UDCA(n=47)and control(n=53)*** aimed to assess the clinical efficacy and rate of relapse in the two patient *** then collected information(basic demographic data,clinical characteristics,and serum biochemical indicators)and determined the factors contributing to relapse using logistic regression *** secondary goal was to determine the effects of UDCA on liver function after *** to the control group,the UDCA group demonstrated a higher clinical effectiveness rate of 92.45%vs 78.72%(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed in liver function indices,including total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,and aspartate aminotransferase,between the two groups before *** treatment,all liver function indices were significantly *** the control vs UDCA groups,the UDCA group exhibited significantly lower levels of all indices(55.39±6.53 vs 77.31±8.52,32.10±4.62 vs 45.39±5.69,142.32±14.21 vs 189.63±16.87,112.52±14.25 vs 149.36±15.36,122.61±16.00 vs 171.33±22.09,96.98±10.44 vs 121.35±11.57,respectively,all P<0.05).The stone recurrence rate was lower in the UDCA group(13.21%)in contrast with the control group(44.68%).Periampullary divertic

关键词： Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Recurrence Ursodeoxycholic acid Common bile duct stones Clinical effective rate Risk factors

Integration of metal-organic layers with quantum dots for artificial photosynthesis

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第11期67卷 3712-3718页

作者： hong yuan Min Zhang Ji-Hua Deng Tong-Bu Lu Di-Chang Zhong Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies School of Materials Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Tianjin University of Technology

Metal-organic layers（MOLs）, a type of new-emerging two-dimensional ultrathin metal-organic framework materials with large surface areas and highly exposed active sites, have shown promising applications in photocatalytic CO2reduction. However, due to a lack of photosensitivity and photooxidation capability, photosensitizers and sacrificial reductants are usually necessary for MOLs-based photocatalytic CO2reduction systems. In this article, by integration of MOLs and quantum dots（QDs）, we constructed MOLs-based catalysts with multi-functions of photosensitivity, photoreduction and photooxidation, which thus can serve as photocatalysts for CO2reduction with H2O as an electron donor. Specifically, by an electrostatic self-assembly approach,nickel（Ⅱ）-based MOLs（Ni-MOLs） and CsPbBr3QDs have been assembled, constructing valid Ⅱ-Scheme Ni-MOLs/CsPbBr3heterojunctions with close Ni-MOLs/CsPbBr3heterointerface. Such a close heterointerface shortens the charge transfer distance,thus effectively boosting the charge separation and transfer. As a result, upon illumination by visible light(λ ≥ 400 nm,100 m W cm-2), the optimized photocatalyst shows high efficiency and stability in photochemical CO2reduction in the absence of any photosensitizers and sacrificial reductants. The CO yield reaches as high as 124 μmol g-1in 4 h, over 6 times higher than that achieved by CsPbBr3. Additionally, the selectivity reaches 100%. This work provides a new way to construct MOL-based catalysts for artificial photosynthesis.

关键词： metal-organic layers artificial photosynthesis CO2 reduction H2O oxidation

Changes in global land surface frozen ground and freeze-thaw processes during 1950-2020 based on ERA5-Land data

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 265-274页

作者： Yong YANG Ren-Sheng CHEN Yong-Jian DING hong-yuan LI Zhang-Wen LIU Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid LandsNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 73000China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 73000China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection College of Resources and EnvironmentLinyi UniversityLinyi 276000China

Frozen ground(FG)plays an important role in global and regional climates and environments through changes in land freeze-thaw processes,which have been conducted mainly in different ***,the changes in land surface freeze-thaw processes under climate change on a global scale are still *** on ERA5-Land hourly land skin temperature data,this study evaluated changes in the global FG area,global land surface first freeze date(FFD),last freeze date(LFD)and frost-free period(FFP)from 1950 to *** results show that the current FG areas(1991-2020 mean)in the Northern Hemisphere(NH),Southern Hemisphere(SH),and globe are 68.50×10^(6),9.03×10^(6),and 77.53×10^(6)km^(2),which account for 72.4%,26.8%,and 60.4%of the exposed land(excluding glaciers,ice sheets,and water bodies)in the NH,SH and the globe,respectively;further,relative to 1951-1980,the FG area decreased by 1.9%,8.8%,and 2.8%,*** FG at lower latitudes degrades to intermittently FG,and intermittently FG degrades to non-frozen ground,which caused the global FG boundary to retreat to higher latitudes from 1950 to *** annual FG areas in the NH,SH,and globe all show significant decreasing trends(p<0.05)from 1950 to 2020 at-0.32×10^(6),-0.22×10^(6),and-0.54×10^(6)km^(2)per decade,*** FFP prolongation in the NH is mainly influenced by LFD advance,while in the SH it is mainly controlled by FFD *** prolongation trend of FFP in the NH(1.34 d per decade)is larger than that in the SH(1.15 d per decade).

关键词： Frozen ground Freeze-thaw processes Frost-free period First freeze date Global warming

Cobalt-based heterogeneous catalysts for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction

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Tungsten 2024年第2期6卷 410-421页

作者： hong yuan Jian-Hua Mei Yun-Nan Gong Di-Chang Zhong Tong-Bu Lu MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon TechnologiesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China

Solar light-driven CO_(2)reduction to high value-added chemicals has considered as an outstanding way to solve energy crisis and climate ***,various photocatalysts have been developed to achieve this *** them,cobaltbased heterogeneous catalysts have attracted great interest because of their promising performance,product selectivity and ***,we systematically summarize the research progress of various cobalt-based heterogeneous catalysts for the photoreduction of CO_(2),such as single-atom cobalt,and cobalt-based oxides,nitrides,sulfi des,phosphides,metal-organic frameworks and covalent-organic ***,the advantages and structure-activity relationship of these catalysts in photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction are ***,the challenges and prospects for constructing cobaltbased heterogeneous catalysts with high effi ciency are highlighted.

关键词： Cobalt Heterogeneous catalysts CO_(2)reduction Photocatalysis

Effect of Artificial Electric Field Surface by Wave-Driven Triboelectricity on Anti-Bioadhesion for Riser Protection

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第3期38卷 483-490页

作者： YI Peng QIU hong-yuan LI Yong CAI Bao-ping Javad MOSTAGHIMI ZHANGWen-jie XIAO Wen-sheng College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering China University of PetroleumQingdao 266580China CNOOC EnerTech Equipment Technology Co. Ltd.Tianjin 300450China Department of Mechanical&Industrial Engineering University of TorontoToronto ONM5S3G8Canada

Biofouling has been a persistent problem in marine riser system, resulting in energy waste and equipment damage. Inthis study, a kind of water wave-driven contact-mode flexible triboelectric nanogeneration has been prepared byusing graphene-doped PDMS as dielectric friction material. When the graphene content is 2%, the average outputvoltage can reach 46 V under the contact frequency 10 Hz. The flexible triboelectric nanogeneration encapsulationmodule is impinged by water waves to generate alternating microelectric field on the riser surface and destroy theadhesion conditions of microorganisms during the biofilm stage. In the biofouling experiments at different stages, thebiofouling area of the platymonas subcordiformis has been reduced by 53%, 62% and 61%. It provides a new ideafor effective treatment of biofouling of mussels, oysters and barnacles attached to risers.

关键词： wave-drive triboelectric nanogeneration alternating microelectric field anti-biofouling

Perspective on powder technology for all-solid-state batteries:How to pair sulfide electrolyte with high-voltage cathode

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 55-66页

作者： Jiangkui Hu Shijie Yang Yingying Pei Xilong Wang Yulong Liao Shuai Li Aolong Yue Jia-Qi Huang hong yuan School of Materials Science&Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China

Sulfide solid electrolytes(SEs)have attracted ever-increasing attention due to their superior roomtemperature ionic conductivity(~10^(-2) S cm^(-1)).Additionally,the integration of sulfide SEs and highvoltage cathodes is promising to achieve higher energy ***,the incompatible interfaces between sulfide SEs and high-voltage cathodes have been one of the key factors limiting their ***,this review presents a critical summarization of the interfacial issues in all-solid-state lithium batteries based on sulfide SEs and high-voltage cathodes and proposes strategies to stabilize the electrolyte/cathode ***,the future research direction of electrolyte/cathode interfaces and application prospects of powder technology in sulfide-based ASSLBs were also discussed.

关键词： Sulfide solid electrolytes High-voltage cathodes Electrode/electrolyte interfaces All-solid-state lithium batteries