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Sclerotinia sclerotiorum virulence is affected by mycelial age via reduction in oxalate biosynthesis

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第5期15卷 1034-1045页

作者： WANG Ji-peng xu you-ping ZANG Xian-peng LI Shuang-sheng CAI Xin-zhong Institute of Biotechnology College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Center of Analysis and Measurement Zhejiang University

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most devastating necrotrophic phytopathogens. Virulence of the hyphae of this fungus at different ages varies significantly. Molecular mechanisms underlying this functional distinction are largely unknown. In this study, we confirmed the effect of mycelial culture time/age on virulence in two host plants and elucidated its molecular and morphological basis. The virulence of the S. sclerotiorum mycelia in plants dramatically decreases along with the increase of the mycelial age. Three-day-old mycelia lost the virulence in plants. Comparative proteomics analyses revealed that metabolism pathways were comprehensively reprogrammed to suppress the oxalic acid（OA） accumulation in old mycelia. The oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase（OAH）, which catalyzes OA biosynthesis, was identified in the S. sclerotiorum genome. Both gene expression and protein accumulation of OAH in old mycelia were strongly repressed. Moreover, in planta OA accumulation was strikingly reduced in old mycelia-inoculated plants compared with young vegetative mycelia-inoculated plants. Furthermore, supply with 10 mmol L^（-1） OA enabled the old mycelia infect the host plants, demonstrating that loss of virulence of old mycelia is mainly caused by being unable to accumulate OA. Additionally, aerial mycelia started to develop from 0.5-day-old vegetative mycelia and dominated over 1-day-old mycelia grown on potato dextrose agar plates. They were much smaller in hypha diameter and grew significantly slower than young vegetative mycelia when subcultured, which did not maintain to progenies. Collectively, our results reveal that S. sclerotiorum aerial hyphae-dominant old mycelia fail to accumulate OA and thereby lose the virulence in host plants.

关键词： Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelial age oxalic acid virulence proteomics

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MdbHLH162 connects the gibberellin and jasmonic acid signals to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第2期66卷 265-284页

作者： Jian-ping An Rui-Rui xu Xiao-Na Wang Xiao-Wei Zhang Chun-Xiang you Yuepeng Han Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai-An 271018China CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Wuhan Botanical GardenHubei Hongshan LaboratoryThe Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China College of Biology and Oceanography Weifang UniversityWeifang 261061China

Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites induced by environmental stimuli and developmental *** positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis have been reported,whereas the anthocyanin repressors have been *** the signal transduction pathways of gibberellin(GA)and jasmonic acid(JA)and their regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis have been investigated,the cross-talk between GA and JA and the antagonistic mechanism of regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis remain to be *** this study,we identified the anthocyanin repressor MdbHLH162 in apple and revealed its molecular mechanism of regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis by integrating the GA and JA ***162 exerted passive repression by interacting with MdbHLH3 and MdbHLH33,which are two recognized positive regulators of anthocyanin ***162 negatively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis by disrupting the formation of the anthocyanin-activated MdMYB1-MdbHLH3/33complexes and weakening transcriptional activation of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes MdDFR and MdUF3GT by MdbHLH3 and *** GA repressor MdRGL2a antagonized MdbHLH162-mediated inhibition of anthocyanins by sequestering MdbHLH162 from the MdbHLH162-MdbHLH3/33 *** JA repressors MdJAZ1 and MdJAZ2 interfered with the antagonistic regulation of MdbHLH162 by MdRGL2a by titrating the formation of the MdRGL2a-MdbHLH162 *** findings reveal that MdbHLH162 integrates the GA and JA signals to negatively regulate anthocyanin *** study provides new information for discovering more anthocyanin biosynthesis repressors and explores the cross-talk between hormone signals.

关键词： anthocyanin biosynthesis bHLH transcription factor gibberellin jasmonic acid regulatory network transcriptional regulation

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A New Functor from D_5-Mod to E_6-Mod

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2016年第8期32卷 867-892页

作者： Xiao ping xu Hua Loo-Keng Key Mathematical Laboratory Institute of MathematicsAcademy of Mathematics & System SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences

We find a new representation of the simple Lie algebra of type E6 on the polynomial algebra in 16 variables, which gives a fractional representation of the corresponding Lie group on 16-dimensional space. Using this representation and Shen＇s idea of mixed product, we construct a new functor from Ds-Mod to E6-Mod. A condition for the functor to map a finite-dimensional irreducible Ds-module to an infinite-dimensional irreducible E6-module is obtained. Our results yield explicit constructions of certain infinite-dimensional irreducible weight E6-modules with finite-dimensional weight subspaces. In our approach, the idea of Kostant＇s characteristic identities plays a key role.

关键词： Simple Lie algebra of type E6 simple Lie algebra of type Ds module category functor,irreducibility

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New Algebraic Approaches to Classical Boundary Layer Problems

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2011年第6期27卷 1023-1070页

作者： Xiao ping xu Hua Loo-Keng Mathematical Laboratory Institute of MathematicsAcademy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China

Classical non-steady boundary layer equations are fundamental nonlinear partial differential equations in the boundary layer theory of fluid dynamics. In this paper, we introduce various schemes with multiple parameter functions to solve these equations and obtain many families of new explicit exact solutions with multiple parameter functions. Moreover, symmetry transformations are used to simplify our arguments. The technique of moving frame is applied in the three-dimensional case in order to capture the rotational properties of the fluid. In particular, we obtain a family of solutions singular on any moving surface, which may be used to study turbulence. Many other solutions are analytic related to trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, which reflect various wave characteristics of the fluid. Our solutions may also help engineers to develop more effective algorithms to find physical numeric solutions to practical models.

关键词： Boundary layer equation symmetry transformation moving frame exponential approach,trigonometric approach hyperbolic approach rational approach

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Partial Differential Equation Approach to E_7

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2015年第2期31卷 177-200页

作者： Xiao ping xu Hua Loo-Keng Mathematical Laboratory Institute of Mathematics Academy of Mathematics & System Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

By solving certain partial differential equations, we find the explicit decomposition of the polynomial algebra over the 56-dimensional basic irreducible module of the simple Lie algebra E7 into a sum of irreducible submodules. This essentially gives a partial differential equation proof of a combinatorial identity on the dimensions of certain irreducible modules of E7. We also determine two three-parameter families of irreducible submodules in the solution space of Cartan＇s well-known fourth-order Ez-invariant partial differential equation.

关键词： Simple Lie algebra E7 partial differential equation irreducible module decomposition,combinatorial identity

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A Combination Model for Image Denoising

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2016年第3期32卷 781-792页

作者： Yi-ping xu School of Science Southwest University of Science and Technology

In this paper, we propose an efficient combination model of the second-order ROF model and a simple fourth-order partial differential equation （PDE） for image denoising. The split Bregman method is used to convert the nonlinear combination model into a linear system in the outer iteration, and an algebraic multigrid method is applied to solve the linear system in the inner iteration. Furthermore, Krylov subspace acceleration is adopted to improve convergence in the outer iteration. At the same time, we prove that the model is strictly convex and exists a unique global minimizer. We have also conducted a variety of numerical experiments to analyze the parameter selection criteria and discuss the performance of ~he fourth-order PDE in the combination model. The results show that our model can reduce blocky effects and our algorithm is efficient and robust to solve the proposed model.

关键词： image denoising partial differential equations split Bregman method algebraic multi-grid method Krylov subspace acceleration

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Research on the protection effect of pioglitazone for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)in rats

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2006年第8期7卷 627-633页

作者： xu ping ZHANG Xing-guo LI you-ming YU Chao-hui xu Lei xu Gen-yun Department of Gastroenterology the First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003 China Department of Pharmacology the First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003 China Center of Clinical Laboratory the First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003 China

Objective： The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） has markedly increased. Insulin resistance has been implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. This study was aimed at observing the relationship between insulin resistance and NAFLD, and evaluating the role of pioglitazone （PGZ） acting as insulin-sensitizing agents in the prevention and treatment of rat fatty liver induced by high fat feeding. Methods： The rats were separated randomly into 6 groups： model group Ⅰ were fed high fat diet for 8 weeks, PGZ prevention group were given PGZ 4 mg/（kg.d） simultaneously, while control group Ⅰ were fed normal food for 8 weeks; model group Ⅱ were fed high fat diet for 16 weeks, PGZ treatment group were given PGZ 4 mg/（kg.d） orally simultaneous with high fat diet for 8 weeks after high fat feeding for 8 weeks, control group Ⅱ were fed normal food for 16 weeks. The rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks and 16 weeks respectively. Liver weight, body weight, serum activities of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, alkaline phosphatase （ALP）, tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α）, fasting blood glucose （FBG）, fasting plasma insulin （FINS）, HOMA （homeostasis model assessment） insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR）, and the liver histology of rats of all groups were assayed. Results： After 8 weeks, the liver in model group Ⅰ showed typical steatosis, accompanied with mild to moderate lobular inflammatory cell infiltration, liver indexes and serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TNF-α were significantly increased （P〈0.05） compared with control group Ⅰ. Whereas, the degree of hepatic injury was attenuated in PGZ prevention group, liver indexes and serum levels of ALT, ALP were significantly decreased （P〈0.05） compared with model group Ⅰ. After 16 weeks, notable steatosis, and lobular inflammation were observed in model group Ⅱ rat liver, while the degree of hepatic injury was attenuated in the PGZ treatment group. Liver index, serum levels ofALT, AST, ALP,

关键词： Fatty liver Insulin resistance Pioglitazone

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Structure and expression of sulfatase and sulfatase modifying factor genes in the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella

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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 946-958页

作者： Xiao-Li Ma Wei-Yi He Wei Chen xue-Jiao xu Wei-ping Qi Ming-Min Zou Yan-Chun you Simon W.Baxter ping Wang Min-Sheng you State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina. Institute of Applied Ecology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina. Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina. Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops Ministry of AgricultureFuzhouChina. Department of Entomology Comell UniversityNew York State Agricultural Experiment StationGenevaNYUSA . School of Biological Sciences University of AdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia.

The diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella (L.),uses sulfatases (SULF)to counteract the glucosinolate-myrosinase defensive system that cruciferous plants have evolved to deter insect *** activity is regulated by post-translational modi- fication of a cysteine residue by sulfatase modifying factor 1(SUMF1).We identified 12 SULF genes (PxylSulfs)and two SUMF1 genes (PxylSumfls)in the *** genome. Phylogenetic analysis of SULFs and SUMFs from ***,Bombyx mori,Manduca sexta,Heliconius melpomene,Danaus plexippus,Drosophila melanogaster,Tetranychus urticae and Homo sapiens showed that the SULFs were clustered into five groups,and the SUMFs could be divided into two *** of the expression of PxylSulfs and Pxyl Sumfs by RNA-seq and by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that two glucosinolate sulfatase genes (GSS),PxylSulf2and PxylSulf3,were primarily expressed in the midgut of 3rd-and 4th-instar ***,expression of sulfatases PxylSulf2, PxylSulf3 and PxylSulf4 were correlated with expression of the sulfatases modifying fac tor *** findings from this study provide new insights into the structure and expression of SUMF1and PxylSulf genes that are considered to be key factors for the evolutionary success *** as a specialist herbivore of cruciferous plants.

关键词： evolutionary arms race glucosinolate detoxification glucosinolate sulfatase phylogenetie analysis transcriptome analysis

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Dependence patterns associated with the fundamental diagram:a copula function approach

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2010年第1期11卷 18-24页

作者： Jia LI Yue-ping xu Department of Ctvtl and Envzronmental Engtneermg University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01002 USA Department of Civil Engmeermg Zhejlang Umverslty Hangzhou 310058 China)

Randomness plays a major role in the interpretation of many interesting traffic flow phenomena,such as hysteresis,capacity drop and spontaneous breakdown. The analysis of the uncertainty and reliability of traffic systems is directly associated with their random characteristics. Therefore,it is beneficial to understand the distributional properties of traffic variables. This paper focuses on the dependence relation between traffic flow density and traffic speed,which constitute the fundamental diagram (FD). The traditional model of the FD is obtained essentially through curve fitting. We use the copula function as the basic toolkit and provide a novel approach for identifying the distributional patterns associated with the FD. In particular,we construct a rule-of-thumb nonparametric copula function,which in general avoids the mis-specification risk of parametric approaches and is more efficient in practice. By applying our construction to loop detector data on a freeway,we identify the dependence patterns existing in traffic data. We find that similar modes exist among traffic states of low,moderate or high traffic densities. Our findings also suggest that highway traffic speed and traffic flow density as a bivariate distribution is skewed and highly heterogeneous.

关键词： Nonparametric copula Dependence patterns Traffic flow Loop detector

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Block Copolymer Colloidal Particles with Unique Structures through Three-dimensional Confined Assembly and Disassembly

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2019年第8期37卷 744-759页

作者： Jiang-ping xu Jin-Tao Zhu Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan 430074 China State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology HUST Wuhan 430074 China

Structured block copolymer(BCP) particles have gained increasing attention due to their potential applications in separation,catalysis, controlled release, and other fields. Three-dimensional(3D) confined assembly has been proved as a facile yet robust approach for generating BCP particles with controllable shapes and internal structures. In this feature article, we summarized the preparation of structured polymeric particles through 3D confined self-assembly of BCPs. The effects of interfacial interactions, degree of confinement,and additives on the shape and internal structure of BCP microparticles were comprehensively discussed. In addition, we highlighted the recent progress in using disassembly as a route to synthesize colloidal particles with unique structures. Two strategies were introduced in this part:(a) disassembling the discrete domains resulted in mesoporous microparticles;(b) disassembling the continuous domains led to the dissociation of microparticles into micelle-like nano-objects. The applications of the structured colloidal particles in photonic crystals,controlled release, and directed growth of inorganic materials were also presented. Finally, we discussed the current challenges and future opportunities in this promising area.

关键词： Block copolymers Self-assembly Confinement Polymer particles Nano-objects

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