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The oxytocin effect on reversal learning

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The oxytocin effect on reversal learning

第二十一届全国心理学学术会议

作者： Xinyuan Yan yina ma State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University

Human lives in a dynamic and volatile environment. Thus the cognitive flexibility is very important to adapt to the environment. Impaired cognitive flexibility is a risk factor for human mental health. For example, patients with depressive disorder were characterized with strong negative bias and impaired in cognitive switch from current negative status. However, the molecular basis for human cognitive flexibility remains unclear. Here we tested the role of oxytocin, a neuropeptide believed to promote social adaptation and shown to increase the cognitive flexibility of mice in reversal T-maze task, in human cognitive flexibility in a reversal-learning task. Moreover, we examined whether the effect of oxytocin on cognitive flexibility was modulated by depressive or anxiety traits. In the current study, we adopted a reversal-learning task with 6 reversals and conducted a double-blind, between-subject design experiment(N = 102, male participants). The model-free analysis showed that the oxytocin decreased the win-stay behavior for individuals with high trait anxiety and high depressive state, indicating that the oxytocin increased the cognitive flexibility for individuals with mental disorder risk. To better capture the learning processes, we adopted two classical learning models: the Experience-Weighted Attraction model(EWA) and the Rescorla-Wagner model(RW) model. The model-based analysis showed that oxytocin decreased the experience weight for previous trials but increased the learning rate for the individuals with high depressive state, suggesting that the oxytocin made these participants be more adaptive in volatile environment and show more model-free behavior pattern. This study provides evidence for the important role of oxytocin in human’s cognitive flexibility, and improved cognitive flexibility by oxytocin for high-risk individuals, suggesting clinical potentials of oxytocin in the improving cognitive flexibility.

关键词： oxytocin cognitive flexibility reversal learning computational modeling

The role of cell-free DNA in non-invasive diagnosis of urinary tract infection

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UroPrecision 2024年第2期2卷 41-50页

作者： Yu Zhao Wenhui Zhang yina ma Xin Zhang Department of Urology Surgery Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Beijing Chao‐Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Urinary tract infection(UTI)constitutes a pervasive health *** are dichotomously classified into upper and lower strata,and further categorized as either complicated or *** UTIs predominantly afflict the renal and ureteral domains,typified by conditions exemplified in pyelonephritis,whereas lower UTIs manifest within the confines of the urethra and *** conventional diagnosis of UTIs relies upon clinical manifestations and urine *** symptoms encompass dysuria,frequent micturition,hematuria,and suprapubic *** culture serves to identify the specific pathogens instigating the infection and assess their antibiotic ***,this procedural protocol generally necessitates an approximate duration of 24 h,coupled with an additional 24-h interval for antibiotic susceptibility *** contradistinction,the detection of cell-free DNA(cfDNA)in the circulatory system presents a potential avenue for non-invasive diagnostic ***,cfDNA emanates from deteriorating cells,affording insights into the extant cellular demise within the *** scholarly inquiry has established a positive correlation between cfDNA concentration in the bloodstream and the incidence of cell death in conditions,such as severe traumas,sepsis,aseptic inflammation,myocardial infarction,and ***,limited investigative effort has been devoted to elucidating the diagnostic potential of cfDNA in the context of ***,the concentration and constitution of plasma cfDNA harbor substantial promise for non-invasively diagnosing *** summation,the utilization of cfDNA in UTI diagnosis remains an incipient area of scholarly pursuit,underscoring the imperative for further research to elucidate the prospective role of plasma cfDNA in non-intrusively discerning UTIs.

关键词： cell-free DNA diagnosis DNA methylation urinary tract infection

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多项式模型在道德判断研究中的应用

科学通报 2020年第19期65卷 1912-1921页

作者：曾笑雨马燚娜北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室神经影像大数据与人脑连接组学北京市重点实验室IDG/麦戈文脑科学研究院北京100875

道德判断的矛盾与冲突是影响社会和谐、社会合作的重要因素.本文旨在回顾道德判断的已有研究,并介绍多项式模型在道德判断研究中的应用.道德判断双加工模型认为,个体的道德判断由两种道德原则驱动:功利论原则与道义论原则.在判断行为是... 详细信息

道德判断的矛盾与冲突是影响社会和谐、社会合作的重要因素.本文旨在回顾道德判断的已有研究,并介绍多项式模型在道德判断研究中的应用.道德判断双加工模型认为,个体的道德判断由两种道德原则驱动:功利论原则与道义论原则.在判断行为是否道德时,功利论主要关注行为结果是否能最大化整体利益,而道义论则关注行为本身是否符合道德规范.为测量个体的道德判断倾向,研究者开发了一系列功利论与道义论相冲突的道德困境.首先,本文介绍传统道德困境范式的局限以及道德判断多项式模型的优势.传统道德困境范式存在的主要局限有:(1)未设计能分离行为结果以及道德规范独立作用的道德困境,因此无法准确测量个体在道德判断中对行为结果与道德规范的在意程度;(2)无法排除个体在道德困境中做判断时伤害他人偏好、不行动偏好等混淆变量;(3)无法刻画道德判断的心理加工过程,进而无法量化不同心理过程在道德判断中的重要程度.为了克服上述传统道德困境范式的局限,研究者将多项式模型(multinomial model)运用在道德判断研究中,提出道德判断的CNI模型,即将道德判断的心理过程分解为后果敏感性、道德规范敏感性以及不行动偏好,并使用模型参数分别量化这些心理过程在道德判断过程中的重要程度.其次,回顾道德判断多项式模型实证研究的最新进展,并总结其如何促进双加工模型的修正,并深化我们对道德判断中个体差异(性别、精神病态特质)的理解.最后,指出道德判断多项式模型的局限,并对未来研究提供了建议.

关键词：道德判断双加工模型多项式模型功利论道义论

How social stress and oxytocin influence the way people update their belief?

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How social stress and oxytocin influence the way people upda...

第二十一届全国心理学学术会议

作者： Wenying Yuan Xinyuan Yan Ingrid Huang Di Wu Zhengxuan Li yina ma State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University

Stress, a common experience in daily life, has both health risks and benefits. While prolonged stress has been linked with impaired immunity and higher risk for depression and anxiety disorders, stress has been recognized as potentially adaptive in the regulation of our immunity and cognitive performance. Social evaluation can serve as social support to protect individuals from stress but can also intensify stress. However, it remains unknown how acute social stress influences the processing of social feedback. Here, combining a two-stage belief update paradigm and a social evaluative stress paradigm, we examine whether and how acute social stress and intranasal administration of oxytocin influence individual’s belief update upon desirable and undesirable social feedback. We found that participants’ heart rate and cortisol level were significantly increased after experiencing stress. Moreover, oxytocin decreased participants’ cortisol response to social stress. We further showed that oxytocin administration under stress led to the most optimistic-oriented belief updating pattern, suggesting an interactive effect of social stress and oxytocin on optimistic beliefs. Moreover, this interactive effect was mainly found for belief updating selectively upon desirable feedback but not upon undesirable feedback. Social stress and oxytocin treatment facilitate optimistic belief updating. Supporting the protective hypothesis, individuals experiencing and given oxytocin treatment exhibit the highest level of optimism.

关键词： Oxytocin Social stress Belief update optimism

Placebo Treatment Beats the Green-eyed Monster Selectively in males but not Females

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Placebo Treatment Beats the Green-eyed Monster Selectively i...

第二十一届全国心理学学术会议

作者： Xiaoyu Zeng Xinyuan Yan Yanyan Su Wenying Yuan Xue Yong yina ma State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning International Data Group (IDG)/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics Beijing Normal University

Little is known about how to mitigate envy and gloating, two social competitive emotions that have been linked to grossly anti-social behavior. Social placebo effects(SPEs) refer to the expectation formation and inactive treatment induced improvements on human’s social well-being(e.g., increasing trust and preference for a closer interpersonal distance). Here, we test the hypothesis that social placebo treatment can alleviate envy and gloating by originating a paradigm whereby we presented materials of the beneficial effects of oxytocin, a neuropeptide known for its pivotal role in pro-social behavior. A game of chance involving comparing the monetary outcome of self and the other putative player in which participants could experience envy and gloating showed that placebo treatment attenuated the feelings of gloating in general, and especially decreased the weight of the self-monetary outcome onto the gloating intensity only in female. In contrast, the placebo effects on envy selectively emerged in males but not females, and the placebo treatment induced mitigation on envy was only significant in males with low, rather than with high, empathy traits. We further examined the role of expectation formation in social placebo effects and showed that the expectation induced by placebo experimental manipulation mediated the effect of social placebo treatment on envy. These findings unveil that the effects of oxytocin and social placebo treatment on envy and gloating can be distinct. Together, these findings propose a potential antidote to the social competitive emotions that may harm interpersonal relationships, providing insight into the future work regarding gender-dependent and trait-dependent impacts of social placebo treatment.

关键词： social placebo effect envy gloating expectation gender difference

The Protocadherin 17 Gene Affects Cognition, Personality, Amygdala Structure and Function, Synapse Development and Risk of major Mood Disorders

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The Protocadherin 17 Gene Affects Cognition, Personality, Am...

中国神经科学学会第十二届全国学术会议

作者： Hong Chang Naosuke Hoshina yina ma Hengyi Cao Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg Heike Tost Xiao Xiao Tadashi Yamamoto Ming Li Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology Cell Signal Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Central Institute of Mental Health Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg

Objective: major mood disorders, which primarily include bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, are the leading cause of disability worldwide and pose a major challenge in identifying robust risk genes. Methods: An integrative analysis involving genetics, m RNA expression, cognitive performance, neuroimaging and neurobiology was performed. Results: We present data from independent large-scale clinical datasets（including 29,557 cases and 32,056 controls） revealing brain expressed protocadherin 17（PCDH17） as a susceptibility gene for major mood disorders. Single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs） spanning the PCDH17 region are significantly associated with major mood disorders;subjects carrying the risk allele showed impaired cognitive abilities, increased vulnerable personality features, decreased amygdala volume and altered amygdala function as compared with non-carriers. The risk allele predicted higher transcriptional levels of PCDH17 m RNA in postmortem brain samples, which is consistent with increased gene expression in patients with bipolar disorder compared with healthy subjects. Further, overexpression of PCDH17 in primary cortical neurons revealed significantly decreased spine density and abnormal dendritic morphology compared with control groups, which again is consistent with the clinical observations of reduced numbers of dendritic spines in the brains of patients with major mood disorders. Conclusions: Given that synaptic spines are dynamic structures which regulate neuronal plasticity and play crucial roles in myriad brain functions, this study reveals a potential underlying biological mechanism of a novel risk gene for major mood disorders involved in synaptic function and related intermediate phenotypes.

关键词： PCDH17 mood disorders amygdala expression dendritic spines

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中国文化中内隐自大对人际吸引力的影响

心理科学 2006年第6期29卷 1484-1488页

作者：周欣悦高定国马娜吴国宏王燕复旦大学心理学系上海200433 中山大学心理学系广州510275

研究考察了中国被试的内隐自大是否能够被激发从而影响人际吸引力。通过两个实验,研究者发现,在中国被试当中内隐自大不但会被被试自己的姓所激发,也能被被试母亲的姓所激发;被试会偏好那些和自己或者自己母亲的姓相似的对方,而这种偏... 详细信息

研究考察了中国被试的内隐自大是否能够被激发从而影响人际吸引力。通过两个实验,研究者发现,在中国被试当中内隐自大不但会被被试自己的姓所激发,也能被被试母亲的姓所激发;被试会偏好那些和自己或者自己母亲的姓相似的对方,而这种偏好在遭遇自我概念威胁之后更加明显,而在受到自我肯定之后会受到抑制;对母亲概念的威胁和对自我概念的威胁作用基本类似。另外,母亲的姓比起被试自己的姓来,激发了被试更大更一致的受吸引程度。这说明母亲概念属于自我概念当中比较积极正面的一部分。

关键词：内隐自大自我人际吸引力

基于专利数据的成渝双城经济圈高校创新能力评价与建议

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教育科学探索 2022年第4期40卷 48-55页

作者：马一娜张晓冬重庆三峡学院教师教育学院重庆404120 重庆三峡学院发展规划处重庆404120

基于高水平大学专利申请数据的分析发现,成渝双城经济圈高校科技创新能力增幅明显。专利申请类型以“发明专利”申请为主,以校企合作为主要合作类型,表现出很强的政策依赖性。区域内合作表现出与本省(市)合作多与对方省(市)合作少,合作... 详细信息

基于高水平大学专利申请数据的分析发现,成渝双城经济圈高校科技创新能力增幅明显。专利申请类型以“发明专利”申请为主,以校企合作为主要合作类型,表现出很强的政策依赖性。区域内合作表现出与本省(市)合作多与对方省(市)合作少,合作模式单一。优势学科与成渝地区主导产业有契合度,但科研引领能力不足,创新技术区域流动仍存在地方壁垒。提高区域高校创新的自觉性和长远规划性,完善政策落实的反馈机制,构建成渝地区科技创新联盟,努力打造优势学科解决区域关键核心技术的学科基础,从学科发展视角打破合作壁垒,构建成渝地区企业、政府、高校、科研院所和社会多元合作创新主体是解决成渝地区创新能力不足的重要举措。

关键词：专利成渝地区区域创新产学研合作

海洋科技创新与海洋经济发展的协调关系及其影响机理研究

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海洋开发与管理 2022年第2期39卷 48-56页

作者：屈莉莉汪心怡马艺娜大连海事大学航运经济与管理学院大连116026 东南大学经济管理学院南京211189 大连理工大学经济管理学院大连116024

为深入揭示海洋科技创新与海洋经济发展的协调关系及其影响机理,促进我国海洋科技和海洋经济的高质量和可持续发展,文章构建海洋科技创新和海洋经济发展2个系统的评价指标体系,以辽宁为实例,利用协调度模型分析二者的协调度及其演化趋势... 详细信息

为深入揭示海洋科技创新与海洋经济发展的协调关系及其影响机理,促进我国海洋科技和海洋经济的高质量和可持续发展,文章构建海洋科技创新和海洋经济发展2个系统的评价指标体系,以辽宁为实例,利用协调度模型分析二者的协调度及其演化趋势,进一步利用结构方程模型构建海洋科技创新影响海洋经济发展的驱动路径,以此分析其影响因素和影响效应,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:1997-2016年辽宁海洋科技创新与海洋经济发展的协调关系分为中度失调衰退、严重失调衰退、中度协调发展和良好协调发展4个主要阶段;海洋科技创新通过海洋资源水平、海洋经济规模和海洋经济结构对海洋经济发展产生直接效应,同时通过海洋经济规模对地区经济发展产生间接效应,即海洋科技创新对海洋经济发展和地区经济发展均产生显著的促进作用;未来应统筹海洋科技与海洋经济的协调发展,扩大海洋科技的投入和产出,积极培育海洋科研人才和新兴海洋产业,注重提高对外开放程度和发展港口经济。

关键词：海洋科技海洋经济地区经济科技创新协调度