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On the thermodynamics of plasticity during quasi-isentropic compression of metallic glass

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 74-89页

作者： Kaiguo Chen Bo Chen Yinan Cui Yuying Yu Jidong Yu Huayun Geng Dongdong Kang Jianhua Wu yao shen Jiayu Dai College of Science National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073People’s Republic of China Hunan Key Laboratory of Extreme Matter and Applications National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073People’s Republic of China Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering MechanicsSchool of AerospaceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China Institute of Fluid Physics China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyangPeople’s Republic of China Department of Material Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPeople’s Republic of China

Entropy production in quasi-isentropic compression (QIC) is critically important for understanding the properties of materials under extremeconditions. However, the origin and accurate quantification of entropy in this situation remain long-standing challenges. In this work, a framework is established for the quantification of entropy production and partition, and their relation to microstructural change in QIC. Cu50Zr50is taken as a model material, and its compression is simulated by molecular dynamics. On the basis of atomistic simulation-informed physicalproperties and free energy, the thermodynamic path is recovered, and the entropy production and its relation to microstructural change aresuccessfully quantified by the proposed framework. Contrary to intuition, entropy production during QIC of metallic glasses is relativelyinsensitive to the strain rate ˙γ when ˙γ ranges from 7.5 × 10^(8) to 2 × 10^(9)/s, which are values reachable in QIC experiments, with a magnitudeof the order of 10^(−2)kB/atom per GPa. However, when ˙γ is extremely high (>2 × 10^(9)/s), a notable increase in entropy production rate with˙γ is observed. The Taylor–Quinney factor is found to vary with strain but not with strain rate in the simulated regime. It is demonstrated thatentropy production is dominated by the configurational part, compared with the vibrational part. In the rate-insensitive regime, the increase inconfigurational entropy exhibits a linear relation to the Shannon-entropic quantification of microstructural change, and a stretched exponential relation to the Taylor–Quinney factor. The quantification of entropy is expected to provide thermodynamic insights into the fundamentalrelation between microstructure evolution and plastic dissipation.

关键词： entropy metallic regime

Revisiting Tashigang village

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China's Tibet 2024年第3期35卷 60-63页

作者： shen yao 不详

If you drive along the winding National Highway 318 for two hours,cross the Mon La Pass at an altitude of 4,742 meters,and keep heading south,past the Lhulang Town,Nyingchi City,surrounded by lush forests,you will arrive at Tashigang *** 2017 to 2023,I visited Tashigang three times,witnessing its steady development driven by the national strategy of rural revitalization.

关键词： winding heading altitude

Recent advances,challenges,and perspectives on carbon capture

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 75-104页

作者： Shihan Zhang yao shen Chenghang Zheng Qianqian Xu Yifang Sun Min Huang Lu Li Xiongwei Yang Hao Zhou Heliang Ma Zhendong Li Yuanhang Zhang Wenqing Liu Xiang Gao Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China College of Environment Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China Baima Lake Laboratory Hangzhou 310051China Institute of Carbon Neutrality College of Energy EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsHFIPSChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China

Carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technologies play an essential role in achieving Net Zero Emissions *** the lack of timely reviews on the recent advancements in promising CCUS technologies,it is crucial to provide a prompt review of the CCUS advances to understand the current research gaps pertained to its industrial *** that end,this review first summarized the developmental history of CCUS technologies and the current large-scale ***,based on a visually bibliometric analysis,the carbon capture remains a hotspot in the CCUS *** that the materials applied in the carbon capture process determines its *** a result,the state-of-the-art carbon capture materials and emerging capture technologies were comprehensively summarized and *** between state-of-art carbon capture process and its ideal counterpart are analyzed,and insights into the research needs such as material design,process optimization,environmental impact,and technical and economic assessments are provided.

关键词： Carbon capture,utilization and storage Visualization analysis Research hotspots and trends CO_(2)capture technology

Reduced clinical severity during 2022 Shanghai Spring epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.2 variant infection——an integrated account of virus pathogenicity and vaccination effectiveness

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 24-27页

作者： Xingyue Wu yao Chen Kangli Cao yao shen Xueling Wu Yilin Yang Zhongshu Kuang Qingrun Li Zhenzhen Lu Yichen Jia Mian Shao Guorong Gu Xiangwei Wang Ye yao Ying Wang Shaodie Chen Zhigao Yu Wei Wei Longfei Ding Lulu Lan Tianwen Gu Xiangyu Long Jian Sun Lingyu Xing Jiayuan shen Yi Han Yue Luo Sucheng Mu Mengna Lin Xiaoyan Zhang Rong Zeng Jianqing Xu Guoping Zhao Lihong Huang Zhenju Song Department of Emergency Medicine Clinical Center for Bio-Therapy Department of Biostatistics and Department of UrologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Shanghai Pudong Hospital Fudan University Department of Pulmonology Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Key Laboratory of Systems Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Fudan University Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity School of Public Health Fudan University Shanghai Institute of Immunology Department of Immunology and Microbiology Shanghai Institute of Virology Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of EducationSchool of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Fudan Microbiome CenterSchool of Life Sciences Fudan University Bio-Med Big Data Center Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences

The emergence of SARS-Co V-2 variant of concern omicron BA.2 led to high infection incidence rates as well as reduced severity of COVID-19 during the Shanghai Spring epidemic of 2022 [1]. We assessed the role of viral pathogenicity and the effectiveness of inactivated vaccines in a retrospective observational study including 10 258 confirmed COVID-19cases identified between April and June of 2022, from four COVID-19 designated hospitals located in two areas of Shanghai, namely the West Bund and the East Bund, where the populations’ demographic characteristics varied significantly (Table S1, Fig. S1).

关键词： REPLICATION

作为境况的“社会”:阿伦特论现代性与“局外人”

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社会 2024年第3期44卷 57-94页

作者：沈垚中国农业大学人文与发展学院

对犹太人问题的讨论,马克思、涂尔干、齐美尔都以各自的方式处理了他们的“犹太经验”,并将其呈现为一种社会学的客观立场。身处20世纪经历了整体性危机的西方社会,在经典理论家的“犹太命题”基础上,阿伦特为犹太人问题提供了新的视角... 详细信息

对犹太人问题的讨论,马克思、涂尔干、齐美尔都以各自的方式处理了他们的“犹太经验”,并将其呈现为一种社会学的客观立场。身处20世纪经历了整体性危机的西方社会,在经典理论家的“犹太命题”基础上,阿伦特为犹太人问题提供了新的视角和思考方向。阿伦特发现,近代西欧犹太人既生活在“社会之中”,又生活在“社会之外”,“局外人”一词暗含的社会与经济属性才是对犹太人与社会关系的客观表述。本文首先对西方近代民族国家发展与犹太人解放这段历史展开论述,然后重点叙述“富有犹太人”和“犹太知识分子”这两个群体在近代西方社会生活中的处境与地位,最后讨论社会理论传统中的犹太人问题,并在这一理论脉络中定位阿伦特对这一问题的探讨。

关键词：局外人社会身体政治同化犹太性格

基于介观模型的锆合金辐照变形数据挖掘库的建立与应用研究

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核技术 2024年第6期47卷 76-88页

作者：黄俊张自康刘桂森沈耀上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院上海200240

在核工业领域,锆合金作为结构材料在辐照过程中承受热、力和中子辐照等综合影响,发生辐照变形,从而影响其使用可靠性。对锆合金的辐照变形进行研究和预测对保障反应堆的安全、经济运行具有关键作用。本研究收集公开发表的文献中的锆合... 详细信息

在核工业领域,锆合金作为结构材料在辐照过程中承受热、力和中子辐照等综合影响,发生辐照变形,从而影响其使用可靠性。对锆合金的辐照变形进行研究和预测对保障反应堆的安全、经济运行具有关键作用。本研究收集公开发表的文献中的锆合金辐照变形实验数据,建立了一个包含实验数据及其详细描述信息的数据库;在此基础上,利用数据库进行规律探索,结合自研介观模型进行模型验证和数据挖掘。特别地,对数据库中的50余组初步数据进行数据挖掘,探讨了模型参数与控制变量之间的关联要素。通过数据挖掘发现,随着Nb含量的增加,滑移系的临界分切应力增加;随着温度升高,锆合金的辐照蠕变柔度增加。相比于传统的数据归纳方法,该研究引入了基于物理机制的介观模型拟合和数据挖掘的新思路,为锆合金辐照变形研究带来新的方法和启示,在收集的数据充分扩充后,其效益将会更显著。

关键词：锆合金辐照变形介观模型数据挖掘库黏塑性自洽模型

人工智能辅助内镜在胃癌前病变及早期胃癌诊断中的应用进展

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中华消化内镜杂志 2024年第7期41卷 582-585页

作者：沈耀占强安方梅南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院消化内科无锡214023

慢性萎缩性胃炎、胃黏膜肠上皮化生是重要的胃癌前病变,早期发现并科学管理癌前病变对于胃癌早期防治意义重大。目前为止,内镜检查仍是发现癌及癌前病变的重要手段,但在实际工作中,早期胃癌内镜下表现往往不典型,诊断困难,活检阴性率高... 详细信息

慢性萎缩性胃炎、胃黏膜肠上皮化生是重要的胃癌前病变,早期发现并科学管理癌前病变对于胃癌早期防治意义重大。目前为止,内镜检查仍是发现癌及癌前病变的重要手段,但在实际工作中,早期胃癌内镜下表现往往不典型,诊断困难,活检阴性率高,增加了患者不必要的损伤及病理医师的负担。人工智能辅助内镜诊断已成功应用于多种消化道肿瘤的早期诊断,实现了疾病的精准诊断。笔者就目前人工智能辅助内镜诊断在胃癌前病变、早期胃癌诊断中的应用进展进行综述,为不断探索胃癌前病变的精准诊断方法提供有力证据。

关键词：人工智能内窥镜检查,消化系统早期胃癌胃炎,萎缩性胃黏膜肠上皮化生

基于硅橡胶分子链陷阱变化的复合绝缘子老化现象

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电工技术学报 2024年第17期39卷 5545-5554页

作者：沈瑶刘兴杰梁英薄天利赵涛宁夏大学电子与电气工程学院银川750021 华北电力大学电力工程系保定071003

硅橡胶复合绝缘子老化后易引入乙烯基、羰基、羟基等强极性基团,形成化学性陷阱,进而加剧绝缘子老化甚至引发绝缘事故。为探究硅橡胶老化后不同化学基团的陷阱特性,以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为基体,运用分子模拟软件分别构建含羰基、羟基... 详细信息

硅橡胶复合绝缘子老化后易引入乙烯基、羰基、羟基等强极性基团,形成化学性陷阱,进而加剧绝缘子老化甚至引发绝缘事故。为探究硅橡胶老化后不同化学基团的陷阱特性,以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为基体,运用分子模拟软件分别构建含羰基、羟基和乙烯基的PDMS缺陷模型,针对稳定构型后的缺陷模型,利用第一性原理,对含不同结构的PDMS在电场作用下的键长、键角、原子布局及偶极矩变化进行了计算,获得了对应的陷阱能级和态密度分布变化。通过分析不同缺陷模型的微观分子结构与陷阱特性之间的内在联系,探究了不同化学陷阱在电场作用下的变化规律。结果表明,含羟基的PDMS引入了浅陷阱,而含乙烯基和羰基的PDMS引入了深陷阱;三种缺陷的陷阱深度均随着电场的增大而增加,且变化率由大到小依次为羰基、乙烯基和羟基;随着电场的增大,含乙烯基的PDMS结构中出现了空穴陷阱,含羰基的PDMS中的电子陷阱出现了消散,而含羟基PDMS的陷阱分布变化不大。由此可见,硅橡胶老化后形成的羰基基团在其老化进程中的作用不容忽视。老化后的硅橡胶陷阱态和基团含量有望作为硅橡胶老化评估的新的参考标准,可为硅橡胶老化实验提供理论依据。

关键词：硅橡胶复合绝缘子老化化学陷阱陷阱分布

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论我国患者生前预嘱撤回权的行使

广西政法管理干部学院学报 2024年第1期39卷 117-128页

作者：蔡耀燊吉林大学法学院吉林长春130012

依据“入口—出口”的制度设定逻辑以及《民法典》关于生命尊严和撤回权的规定,可解释出患者享有生前预嘱撤回权。患者可亲自行使撤回权,亦可委托代理,但未经许可,法定代理人不得撤回。患者亲自行使时,对其行使能力要求应采浮动认定机制... 详细信息

依据“入口—出口”的制度设定逻辑以及《民法典》关于生命尊严和撤回权的规定,可解释出患者享有生前预嘱撤回权。患者可亲自行使撤回权,亦可委托代理,但未经许可,法定代理人不得撤回。患者亲自行使时,对其行使能力要求应采浮动认定机制:原则上应具备完全民事行为能力,但如果撤回的预嘱内容是“拒绝维生治疗”时,可降低行使能力标准。生前预嘱撤回方式的选择围绕“如何让患者更有效地行使撤回权”展开,内蕴便捷患者行使和真实性证明二元价值之争。我国患者可采一切能证明其主体能力和内心真意的撤回方式,体现对真实性价值的倾斜和对便捷性价值的兼顾。

关键词：民法典生前预嘱撤回权