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Metrology for sub-Rayleigh-length target positioning in~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser-plasma experiments

High power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 90-105页

作者： E.A.Vishnyakov A.Sagisaka K.ogura T.zh.Esirkepov B.Gonzalez-Izquierdo C.D.Armstrong T.A.pikuz S.A.pikuz W.yan T.M.Jeong S.Singh p.Hadjisolomou o.Finke G.M.Grittani M.Nevrkla C.M.Lazzarini A.Velyhan T.Hayakawa y.Fukuda J.K.Koga M.Ishino K.Kondo y.Miyasaka A.Kon M.Nishikino y.V.Nosach D.Khikhlukha I.p.Tsygvintsev D.Kumar J.Nejdl D.Margarone p.V.Sasorov S.Weber M.Kando H.Kiriyama y.Kato G.Korn K.Kondo S.V.Bulanov T.Kawachi A.S.pirozh.ov ELI Beamlines Facility The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolníBrežanyCzech Republic Kansai Institute for photon Science(KpSI) QSTKyotoJapan Central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratorySTFCHarwell OxfordDidcotUK Institute for open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan HB11 Energy Holdings FreshwaterAustralia Key Laboratory for Laser plasmas(Ministry of Education) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of plasma physics ASCR PragueCzech Republic FZU-Institute of physics ASCR PragueCzech Republic Czech Technical University in prague FNSPEPragueCzech Republic Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Institute of physics National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine ISTEQ AR YerevanArmenia

Tight focusing with very small f-numbers is necessary to achieve the highest at-focus ***,tight focusing imposes strong demands on precise target positioning in-focus to achieve the highest on-target irradiance We describe several near-infrared,visible,ultraviolet and soft and hard X-ray diagnostics employed in a~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser±plasma *** used nearly 10 J total energy femtosecond laser pulses focused into an approximately1.3-μm focal spot on 5±20μm thick stainless-steel *** discuss the applicability of these diagnostics to determine the best in-focus target position with approximately 5μm accuracy(i.e.,around half of the short Rayleigh length)and show that several diagnostics(in particular,3ωreflection and on-axis hard X-rays)can ensure this *** demonstrated target positioning within several micrometers from the focus,ensuring over 80%of the ideal peak laser intensity *** approach is relatively fast(it requires 10±20 laser shots)and does not rely on the coincidence of low-power and high-power focal planes.

关键词： laser-plasma interaction precise target positioning spectroscopy ultra-high intensity X-rays

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Generating Baikal-GVD high energy cascade-like neutrino events with a GEANT4-based simulation toolkit

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Chinese physics C 2024年第10期48卷 256-263页

作者： Zike Wang A.D.Avrorin zhen Cao Mingjun Chen peiyuan Chu zh.-A.M.Dzhilkibaev Bo Gao Tianqi Huang Jiali Liu ying Qi Xiaohao you D.N.Zaborov Key Laboratory of particle Astrophysics Experimental physics Division&Institute of High Energy.p.ysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312Russia TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu 610213China School of Science Tibet UniversityLhasa 850000China

Using the GEANT4 and Cosmic Ray Monte Carlo(CRMC)software packages,we developed a new simulation toolkit for astrophysical neutrino *** configuring the Baikal-GVD detector and comparing the vertex position and direction of incident particles,as well as the channel-by-channel signals,to the events detected by Baikal-GVD,we successfully generated 13 high-energy cascade neutrino events with the *** analysis revealed a systematic offset between the reconstructed shower position and the true interaction position,with a distance close to the scale of the shower maximum of−0.54±1.29 *** achieved a good linear relationship between the photoelectron number of neutrino events obtained by simulation and the real data measured by *** simulation toolkit could serve as a reliable basis for studying the performance of astrophysical neutrino telescopes.

关键词： high-energy neutrino cascade event simulation Cherenkov

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Master equation,design equations and runaway speed of the Kaplan turbine

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2021年第2期33卷 282-300页

作者： zh.zhang zhAW Zurch University of Applied ScienceZurichSwitzerland

To make the Kaplan turbine technology comparable to both the pelton and the Francis turbine,the master equation for the Kaplan turbine has been established by analyses similar to that-for the Francis *** analysis begins with the descriptions of free vortex flows at the runner inlet and the swirl flow at the impeller *** considering the Euler equation for specific work and by further evaluating the most significant shock and swirling losses,the first and the second energy equations in the form of hydraulic efficiency were *** master equation is then established by combining both energy *** addition,three design equations and a new design parameter are *** master equation relates the turbine hydromechanics to the geometrical design of both the runner and the guide-vane *** enables the complete hydraulic characteristics of a given Kaplan turbine to be analytically and simply computed.A computation example demonstrates the functionality and applicability of the *** the reconstructed master equation,the runaway speed of the Kaplan turbine and its dependence on the guide-vane setting can be easily and precisely *** bulb turbines with guide vanes directly ahead of the turbine runner in the same tube,all computations are also applicable using another equivalent control parameter.

关键词： Kaplan turbine master equation design equations design parameter runaway speed hydraulic efficiency shock loss swirling loss bulb turbines

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“如果”句功能的类型学考察

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汉语学习 2024年第2期 22-32页

作者：吴炳章姜彩璨许冰中国海洋大学外国语学院山东青岛266100

“如果”句的语义结构和用法复杂多样,但学界对该结构的功能类型分析过于笼统。文章通过语料库梳理书面语中“如果”句的结构特点和语篇关系,对其进行了功能分类。从功能视角看,“如果”句在知识域、语言域和人际域中分别发挥前提限定... 详细信息

“如果”句的语义结构和用法复杂多样,但学界对该结构的功能类型分析过于笼统。文章通过语料库梳理书面语中“如果”句的结构特点和语篇关系,对其进行了功能分类。从功能视角看,“如果”句在知识域、语言域和人际域中分别发挥前提限定、语篇建构和会话修辞等功能。根据从句和主句的意义关系,“如果”句可以分为蕴含条件句和非蕴含条件句。各类“如果”句的功能各有句法语义特征。从各类“如果”句的用法分布看,“如果”句的主要功能是表达推理关系,其次是语篇关系,再次是话语修辞。

关键词： “如果”句假设条件句间接条件句

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Master equation and runaway speed of the Francis turbine

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2018年第2期30卷 203-217页

作者： zh.zhang Free Researcher Zurich Switzerland

The master equation of the Francis turbine is derived based on the combination of the angular momentum（Euler） and the energy laws. It relates the geometrical design of the impeller and the regulation settings（guide vane angle and rotational speed） to the discharge and the power output. The master equation, thus, enables the complete characteristics of a given Francis turbine to be easily computed. While applying the energy law, both the shock loss at the impeller inlet and the swirling loss at the impeller exit are taken into account. These are main losses which occur at both the partial load and the overloads and, thus, dominantly influence the characteristics of the Francis turbine. They also totally govern the discharge of the water through the impeller when the impeller is found in the standstill. The computations have been performed for the discharge, the hydraulic torque and the hydraulic efficiency. They were also compared with the available measurements on a model turbine. Excellent agreement has been achieved. The computations also enable the runaway speed of the Francis turbine and the related discharge to be determined as a function of the setting angle of the guide vanes.

关键词： Francis turbine master equation runaway speed hydraulic efficiency shock loss swirling loss streamline similarity method

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