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Cortical hem signaling center: functions, development, and potential implications for evolution and brain disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1079-1080页

作者： Victor V.Chizhikov Igor y.Iskusnykh Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA

Development of the telencephalon relies upon several signaling centers-localized cellular populations that supply secreted factors to pattern the cortical *** such signaling center is the cortical hem,which arises during embryonic development at the telencephalic dorsal midline,adjacent to the choroid plexus and hippocampal primordium(Figure 1A).While the cortical hem has also been described in reptiles and birds,most of our knowledge about the developmental roles of the cortical hem is derived from the analysis in *** cortical hem produces several types of secreted molecules,including wingless-related integration site(Wnt)and bone morphogenetic(Bmp)*** cortical hem is particularly important for the development of the hippocampus,which is involved in learning and memory,and the neocortex,which is the most complex brain region that mediates multiple types of behavior and higher cognitive functions(Mangale et al.,2008;Dal-Valle-Anton and Borrell,2022).

关键词： epithelium Figure center

Exercise preconditioning alleviates ischemia-induced memory deficits by increasing circulating adiponectin

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1445-1454页

作者： Meifeng Zheng Borui Zhang Sonata S y yau Kwok-Fai So Li Zhang Haining Ou Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration(Ministry of Education) Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Institute of CNS RegenerationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Center for Exercise and Brain Science School of PsychologyShanghai University of SportShanghaiChina Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina

Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug *** exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after *** this study,we determined whether exercise training before disease onset can alleviate the severity of cerebral *** also examined the role of exercise-induced circulating factors in these *** mice were subjected to 14 days of treadmill exercise training before surgery for middle cerebral artery *** found that this exercise pre-conditioning strategy effectively attenuated brain infarct area,inhibited gliogenesis,protected synaptic proteins,and improved novel object and spatial memory *** analysis showed that circulating adiponectin plays a critical role in these preventive effects of *** activation of adiponectin receptors by Adipo Ron mimicked the effects of exercise,while inhibiting receptor activation abolished the exercise *** summary,our results suggest a crucial role of circulating adiponectin in the effects of exercise pre-conditioning in protecting against cerebral ischemia and supporting the health benefits of exercise.

关键词： adiponectin cerebral ischemia exercise pre-conditioning hippocampus memory function middle cerebral artery occlusion prefrontal cortex synaptic proteins treadmill exercise

Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing SMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： Sharon J.Brown Rafael J.yáñez-Muñoz Heidi R.Fuller School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson Center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene *** was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,SMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher SMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy number have less severe SMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of SMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally absolute

One-Pot Room-Temperature Synthesis of Mg Containing MCM-41 Mesoporous Silica for Aldol Reactions

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第12期34卷 2521-2528页

作者： Shin-Ichiro Fujita Shinji segawa Kazuki Kawashima Xuejing Nie Tomoki Erata Masahiko Arai Division of Applied Chemistry Faculty of EngineeringHokkaido University

One-pot synthesis of Mg containing MCM-41(Mg-MCM-41) materials was respectively carried out by a room temperature(RT) method and a hydrothermal(HT) method for aldol condensation of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and acetone and self-condensation of acetone. The RT method can prepare MCM-41 materials containing large amounts of Mg while maintaining the structural characteristics of MCM-41 even at very low Si/Mg ratios(large Mg loadings), but the HT method cannot. The RT method can also give more active catalysts than the HT method, because the catalysts prepared by the RT method are more basic than those prepared by the HT one. The characterization indicates that Mg atoms in the Mg-MCM-41 prepared by the RT method exist as MgO disperses well on the wall surface of pores, while those in Mg-MCM-41 prepared by the HT method are included in the bulk with a smectite-like structure.

关键词： Aldol condensation Solid base catalyst Mg incorporated mesoporous silica Magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance

Advances in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder:Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cell transplantation

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第1期15卷 72-79页

作者： Serdar Kabatas ErdinçCivelek Eyüp Can Savrunlu Umut Karaaslan Özlem yıldız Erdal Karaöz Department of Neurosurgery University of Health Sciences TurkeyGaziosmanpaşa Training and Research HospitalIstanbul 34255Türkiye Department of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology Institute of Health Sciences Marmara UniversityIstanbul 34865Türkiye Center for Stem Cell&Gene Therapy Research and Practice University of Health Sciences TurkeyIstanbul 34255Türkiye Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of Health SciencesGaziosmanpaşa Training and Research HospitalIstanbul 34255Türkiye Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Kocaeli University Faculty of MedicineKocaeli 41001Türkiye Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research&Manufacturing Liv HospitalIstanbul 34340Türkiye Department of Histology and Embryology Istinye UniversityFaculty of MedicineIstanbul 34010Türkiye Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research and Practice Istinye UniversityIstanbul 34340Türkiye

BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multifaceted *** recent studies,neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation have come to the forefront in its *** are studies suggesting that stem cell therapy may be effective in the treatment of *** To evolve the landscape of ASD treatment,focusing on the potential benefits and safety of stem cell *** A detailed case report is presented,displaying the positive outcomes observed in a child who underwent intrathecal and intravenous Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)transplantation combined with *** The study demonstrates a significant improvement in the child’s functional outcomes(Childhood Autism Rating Scale,Denver 2 Developmental Screening Test),especially in language and gross motor *** serious side effects were encountered during the 2-year *** The findings support the safety and effectiveness of WJ-MSC transplantation in managing ASD.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder Neurorehabilitation Stem cell transplantation Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cells Inflammation

Heterogeneous FASnI3 Absorber with Enhanced Electric Field for High-Performance Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第6期14卷 234-247页

作者： Tianhao Wu Xiao Liu Xinhui Luo Hiroshi segawa Guoqing Tong yiqiang Zhang Luis KOno yabing Qi Liyuan Han State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Material Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China Special Division of Environmental and Energy Science Komaba Organization for Educational Excellence(KOMEX)College of Arts and SciencesUniversity of TokyoTokyo 153-8902Japan Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit(EMSSU) Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University(OIST)1919-1 TanchaOnna-sonKunigami-gunOkinawa 904-0495Japan School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan Institute of Advanced TechnologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001People’s Republic of China

Lead-free tin perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have undergone rapid development in recent years and are regarded as a promising ecofriendly photovoltaic ***,a strategy to suppress charge recombination via a built-in electric field inside a tin perovskite crystal is still *** the present study,a formamidinium tin iodide(FASnI;)perovskite absorber with a vertical Sn;gradient was fabricated using a Lewis base-assisted recrystallization method to enhance the built-in electric field and minimize the bulk recombination loss inside the tin ***-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the Fermi level upshifts with an increase in Sn;content from the bottom to the top in this heterogeneous FASnI;film,which generates an additional electric field to prevent the trapping of photo-induced electrons and ***,the Sn;-gradient FASnI;absorber exhibits a promising efficiency of 13.82%for inverted tin PSCs with an open-circuit voltage increase of 130 mV,and the optimized cell maintains over 13%efficiency after continuous operation under 1-sun illumination for 1,000 h.

关键词： Gradient FASnI3 absorber Built-in electric field Bulk charge recombination Lead-free perovskite solar cell

Reciprocal Analysis of Sensible and Latent Heat Fluxes in a Forest Region Using Single Height Temperature and Humidity Based on the Bowen Ratio Concept

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2016年第7期8卷 724-742页

作者： Toshisuke Maruyama Manabu segawa Faculity of Environmental Science Ishikawa Prefectural University Ishikawa Japan

Evapotranspiration in forests has been researched for a long time because it serves an important role in water resource issues and biomass production. By applying the reciprocal analysis based on the Bowen ratio concept to the canopy surface, the sum result of sensible and latent heat fluxes, i.e., actual evapotranspiration (ET), is estimated from engineering aspect using the net radiation (Rn) and heat flux into the ground (G). The new method uses air temperature and humidity at a single height by determining the relative humidity (rehs) using the canopy temperature (Ts). The validity of the method is confirmed by the latent heat flux (lE) and sensible heat flux (H) observed by mean of eddy covariance method. The heat imbalance is corrected by multiple regression analysis. The temporal change of lE and H at the canopy surface is clarified using hourly and yearly data. Furthermore, the observed and estimated monthly evapotranspiration of the sites are compared. The research is conducted using hourly data and the validation of the method is conducted using observed covariance at five sites in the world using FLUXNET.

关键词： Bowen Ratio Eddy Covariance Reciprocal Determination Estimation of Evapotranspiration Canopy Surface Temperature and Humidity

Application of the Reciprocal Analysis for Sensible and Latent Heat Fluxes with Evapotranspiration at a Humid Region

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2016年第4期6卷 230-252页

作者： Toshisuke Maruyama Manabu segawa Faculty of Environmental Science Ishikawa Prefectural University Ishikawa Japan

Evapotranspiration acts an important role in hydrologic cycle and water resources planning. But the estimation issue still remains until nowadays. This research attempts to make clear this problem by the following way. In a humid region, by applying the Bowen ratio concept and optimum procedure on the soil surface, sensible and latent heat fluxes are estimated using net radiation (Rn) and heat flux into the ground (G). The method uses air temperature and humidity at a single height by reciprocally determining the soil surface temperature (Ts) and the relative humidity (rehs). This feature can be remarkably extended to the utilization. The validity of the method is confirmed by comparing of observed and estimated latent (lE) and sensible heat flux (H) using the eddy covariance method. The hourly change of the lE, H, Ts and rehs on the soil surface, yearly change of lE and H and relationship of estimated lE and H versus observed are clarified. Furthermore, monthly evapotranspiration is estimated from the lE. The research was conducted using hourly data of FLUXNET at a site of Japan, three sites of the United States and two sites of Europe in humid regions having over 1000 mm of annual precipitation.

关键词： Bowen Ratio Eddy Covariance Reciprocal Determination Estimation of Sensible and Latent Heat Fluxes Soil Surface Temperature and Humidity

Chemical Synthesis of Carbon Nanorings and Nanobelts

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Accounts of Materials Research 2021年第8期2卷 681-691页

作者： yuanming Li Hideya Kono Takehisa Maekawa yasutomo segawa Akiko yagi Kenichiro Itami Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules(WPI-ITbM)and Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoya 464-8602Japan Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery(Fujian Province University) College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108 FujianChina Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoya 464-8602Japan Institute of Chemistry Academia SinicaTaipei 115 TaiwanR.O.C Institute for Molecular Science MyodaijiOkazaki 444-8787Japan Department of Structural Molecular Science SOKENDAI(The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)MyodaijiOkazaki 444-8787Japan Institute of Chemistry Academia SinicaTaipei 115 TaiwanR.O.C***/0000-0001-5227-7894

CONSPECTUS:The discovery and creation of new forms of carbon have always transformed the scientific *** example,the discoveries of fullerenes,carbon nanotubes(CNTs),and graphenes have opened doors to the science of nanometersized carbon allotropes,otherwise known as *** then,researchers worldwide have unveiled their outstanding physical and chemical properties,and a number of applications and technologies have arisen in not only materials science but also biological research *** synthesis and study of this privileged class of“single-molecule”compounds has become one of the most engaging subjects in chemistry and holds huge promise to establish new fields in molecular ***,there have been huge gaps between established small-molecule chemistry and nanocarbon *** the particular case of CNTs,it is still not possible to access structurally uniform *** a wide range of synthetic methods have been reported,CNTs are generally accessed as a mixture of various *** logical strategy to achieve full synthetic control over CNTs is to build up from a template molecule with structural precision(the so-called“growth-from-template”strategy),where a short CNT segment molecule represents an initial synthetic *** this end,organic synthesis techniques are our most powerful tools to synthesize short CNT segments such as carbon nanorings and carbon *** Account highlights our 16-year campaign in the synthesis and application of carbon nanorings and carbon *** first topic is the synthesis of carbon nanorings(cycloparaphenylenes)as substructures of *** second topic is the synthesis of armchair and zigzag carbon nanobelts,which consist solely of fully fused hexagonal rings and provide a continuous double-stranded cylindrical *** third topic is the synthesis of methylene-bridged cycloparaphenylene,an aromatic belt containing nonhexagonal rings,in which the cyclic paraphenylene chain i

关键词： rings synthesis hexagonal