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Deuterium Retention and Physical Sputtering of Low Activation Ferritic Steel

Plasma Science and Technology 2005年第2期7卷 2737-2740页

作者： T.Hino K.yamaguchi y.yamauchi y.hirohata K.Tsuzuki y.Kusama Department of Nuclear Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo060-8628 JapanDepartment of Nuclear Engineering Hokkaido UniversitySapporo060-8628 JapanDepartment of Nuclear Engineering Hokkaido UniversitySapporo060-8628 JapanDepartment of Nuclear Engineering Hokkaido UniversitySapporo060-8628 JapanJapan Atomic Energy Research Institute NakaIbaraki-ken311-0193 JapanJapan Atomic Energy Research Institute NakaIbaraki-ken311-0193 Japan

Low activation materials have to be developed toward fusion demonstrationreactors. Ferritic steel, vanadium alloy and SiC/SiC composite are candidate materials of the firstwall, vacuum vessel and blanket components, respectively. Although changes of mechanical-thermalproperties owing to neutron irradiation have been investigated so far, there is little data for theplasma material interactions, such as fuel hydrogen retention and erosion. In the present study,deuterium retention and physical sputtering of low activation ferritic steel, F82H, wereinvestigated by using deuterium ion irradiation apparatus. After a ferritic steel sample wasirradiated by 1.7 keV D^+ ions, the weight loss was measured to obtain the physical sputteringyield. The sputtering yield was 0.04, comparable to that of stainless steel. In order to obtain theretained amount of deuterium, technique of thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) was employed to theirradiated sample. The retained deuterium desorbed at temperature ranging from 450 K to 700 K, inthe forms of DHO, D_2, D_2O and hydrocarbons. Hence, the deuterium retained can be reduced by bakingwith a relatively low temperature. The fluence dependence of retained amount of deuterium wasmeasured by changing the ion fluence. In the ferritic steel without mechanical polish, the retainedamount was large even when the fluence was low. In such a case, a large amount of deuterium wastrapped in the surface oxide layer containing O and C. When the fluence was large, the thickness ofsurface oxide layer was reduced by the ion sputtering, and then the retained amount in the oxidelayer decreased. In the case of a high fluence, the retained amount of deuterium became comparableto that of ferritic steel with mechanical polish or SS 316 L, and one order of magnitude smallerthan that of graphite. When the ferritic steel is used, it is required to remove the surface oxidelayer for reduction of fuel hydrogen retention. Ferritic steel sample was exposed to the envi

关键词： ferritic steel fuel hydrogen retention sputtering yield first wall fusionreactor

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Cortical hem signaling center: functions, development, and potential implications for evolution and brain disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1079-1080页

作者： Victor V.Chizhikov Igor y.Iskusnykh Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA

Development of the telencephalon relies upon several signaling centers-localized cellular populations that supply secreted factors to pattern the cortical *** such signaling center is the cortical hem,which arises during embryonic development at the telencephalic dorsal midline,adjacent to the choroid plexus and hippocampal primordium(Figure 1A).While the cortical hem has also been described in reptiles and birds,most of our knowledge about the developmental roles of the cortical hem is derived from the analysis in *** cortical hem produces several types of secreted molecules,including wingless-related integration site(Wnt)and bone morphogenetic(Bmp)*** cortical hem is particularly important for the development of the hippocampus,which is involved in learning and memory,and the neocortex,which is the most complex brain region that mediates multiple types of behavior and higher cognitive functions(Mangale et al.,2008;Dal-Valle-Anton and Borrell,2022).

关键词： epithelium Figure center

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Exercise preconditioning alleviates ischemia-induced memory deficits by increasing circulating adiponectin

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1445-1454页

作者： Meifeng Zheng Borui Zhang Sonata S y yau Kwok-Fai So Li Zhang Haining Ou Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration(Ministry of Education) Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Institute of CNS RegenerationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Center for Exercise and Brain Science School of PsychologyShanghai University of SportShanghaiChina Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina

Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug *** exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after *** this study,we determined whether exercise training before disease onset can alleviate the severity of cerebral *** also examined the role of exercise-induced circulating factors in these *** mice were subjected to 14 days of treadmill exercise training before surgery for middle cerebral artery *** found that this exercise pre-conditioning strategy effectively attenuated brain infarct area,inhibited gliogenesis,protected synaptic proteins,and improved novel object and spatial memory *** analysis showed that circulating adiponectin plays a critical role in these preventive effects of *** activation of adiponectin receptors by Adipo Ron mimicked the effects of exercise,while inhibiting receptor activation abolished the exercise *** summary,our results suggest a crucial role of circulating adiponectin in the effects of exercise pre-conditioning in protecting against cerebral ischemia and supporting the health benefits of exercise.

关键词： adiponectin cerebral ischemia exercise pre-conditioning hippocampus memory function middle cerebral artery occlusion prefrontal cortex synaptic proteins treadmill exercise

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Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing SMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： Sharon J.Brown Rafael J.yáñez-Muñoz Heidi R.Fuller School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson Center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene *** was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,SMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher SMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy number have less severe SMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of SMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally absolute

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Value of Charpy impact test results with sub-and half-size specimens extracted from overage steel bridge members

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China Welding 2024年第3期33卷 8-13页

作者： hirohata Mikihito Department of Civil Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuita 565-0871Japan

For the maintenance of steel bridges,the mechanical properties of steel used in the bridges must be *** enough dimensions of specimens cannot be extracted from the actual members,miniaturized specimens are used for *** the case of the Charpy impact test,sub-and half-size specimens are specified instead of full-size specimens of which the thickness is 10 *** value of absorbed energy and energy transient temperature obtained by Charpy impact tests with sub-size and half-size specimens were investigated from the viewpoint of maintenance of bridges in this *** absorbed energy was not in proportion to the thickness of specimens of steel used in the actual overage *** tendency of energy transient temperature obtained by thin specimens of the overage steel differed from that of the present steel.A method for evaluating the performance against brittle fracture occurrence based on the WES3003 criterion was *** results show the significance of evaluation based on the energy transient temperature for reasonable maintenance of bridges.

关键词： steel bridge maintenance brittle fracture Charpy impact test overage steel

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Weldability of steel used in an aged bridge

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China Welding 2024年第3期33卷 33-38页

作者： hirohata Mikihito Department of Civil Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuita 565-0871Japan

A series of experiments was performed to investigate the weldability of steel used in an aged bridge.A steel material used in an aged railway bridge constructed in 1912 was extracted for this *** chemical compositions of this steel were suitable for ***,the aged steel contained much *** welded joints were fabricated with this aged *** defects or cracks were not observed in the *** Vickers hardness test on the welded part did not confirm extreme hardening or *** yielding by the static tensile test,the cruciform joints were fractured at the welded *** of the specimens was fractured in the middle of the thickness of the aged *** Sulfur contained in the aged steel might cause this type of *** results show that there may be a risk of brittle fracture not only from the welded part but also from the base *** chemical compositions of aged steel must be analyzed when repair welding is applied to the steel.

关键词： aged steel bridge repair welding chemical compositions weld defect brittle fracture

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Investigation on Retention and Release Behaviors of Hydrogen and Helium in Vanadium Alloy

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Plasma Science and Technology 2005年第3期7卷 2835-2838页

作者：刘翔 Tsuyoshi yamada yuji yamauchi yuko hirohata Tomoaki Hino Nobuaki Noda Southwestern Institute of Physics Chengdu 610041 China Laboratory of Plasma Physics and Engineering Hokkaido UniversityKita-13 Nishi-8 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan National Institute for Fusion Science Toki-shi Gifu-ken 509-5202 Japan

Vanadium alloy is proposed as an attractive candidate for first wall and blanket structural material of fusion reactors. The retention and release behaviors of hydrogen and helium in vanadium alloy may be an important issue. In the present work, 1.7 keV deuterium and 5 keV helium ions are respectively implanted into V-4Cr-4Ti and V-4Ti at room temperature. The retention and release of deuterium and helium are measured with thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). When the helium ion fluence is larger than 3 × 1017 He/cm2, the retained helium saturates with a value of approximately 2.5 ×1017 He/cm2. However, when the ion fluence is 1×1019 D/cm2, the hydrogen saturation in vanadium alloy does not take place. Experimental results indicates that hydrogen and helium retention in vanadium alloy may lead to serious problems and special attention should be paid when it is applied to fusion reactors.

关键词： deuterium helium vanadium alloy thermal desorption spectroscopy retention and release

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A case of hepatic angiomyolipoma difficult to distinguish from hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第23期15卷 2930-2932页

作者： Masahiro Takahara yasuhiro Miyake Kazuyuki Matsumoto Daisuke Kawai Eisuke Kaji Tatsuya Toyokawa Morihito Nakatsu Masaharu Ando Mamoru hirohata Department of Internal Medicine Mitoyo General Hospital Kagawa 769-1695 Japan Department of Molecular Hepatology and Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama 700-8558 Japan

We report a case of hepatic angiomyolipoma with uncommon clinical features. A 56-year-old man presented with a hepatic tumor in the caudate lobe. The tumor was hypoechoic on ultrasonography, showed early-phase hyperattenuation on enhanced computed tomography and did not absorb iron on superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Hepatocellular carcinoma was highly suspected, and the patient underwent hepatic resection. Histologically, the tumor was mainly composed of smooth muscle cells and contained small amounts of adipose cells and blood vessels. On immunohistochemical staining, the smooth muscle cells were positive for a melanocytic cell-specific monoclonal antibody. In cases with uncommon features of angiomyolipoma, it is quite difficult to distinguish angiomyolipoma from hepatocellular carcinoma.

关键词： Adipose cell Hepatic angiomyolipoma Hepatocellular carcinoma HMB-45 Smooth muscle cell

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FEM Simulation of Distortion and Residual Stress Generated by High Energy Beam Welding with Considering Phase Transformation

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Open Journal of Metal 2014年第2期4卷 31-39页

作者： y.-C. Kim M. hirohata K. Inose Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan IHI Corporation Yokohama Japan Osaka University Osaka Japan

A series of experiments was carried out so as to elucidate the effect of the phase transformation in the cooling process on welding distortion and residual stress generated by laser beam welding (LBW) and laser-arc hybrid welding (HyBW) on the high strength steel (HT780). Then, the experiments were simulated by 3D thermal elasticplastic analysis with FEM (Finite Element Method) which was performed with using the idealized mechanical properties considering the transformation superplasticity. From the results, the effects of the phase transformation on welding distortion and residual stress generated by LBW and HyBW were elucidated. Furthermore, the generality of the idealization of the mechanical properties was verified.

关键词： Welding Distortion Residual Stress Laser Beam Welding Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding Phase Transformation FEM

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High Effective FE Simulation Methods for Deformation and Residual Stress by Butt Welding of Thin Steel Plates

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Engineering（科研） 2014年第9期6卷 507-515页

作者： Mikihito hirohata yoshito Itoh Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan

In order to propose high effective simulation using finite element method (FEM) for predicting deformation and residual stress generated by one pass butt welding, a series of numerical analyses were carried out. By idealizing the movement of heat source (the instantaneous heat input method), the tendency of welding out-of-plane deformation and the residual stress distribution could be predicted. The computing time was around 9% of that by the precise model with considering the movement of heat source. On the other hand, applicability of two dimensional shell elements instead of generally used three dimensional solid elements was examined. The heat input model with considering the temperature distribution in the thickness direction was proposed for the simulation by using the shell elements. It was confirmed that the welding out-of-plane deformation and residual stress could be predicted with high accuracy by the model with shell elements and the distributed heat input methods. The computing time was around 8% of that by the precise model with solid elements.

关键词： Welding Deformation Residual Stress Butt Welding FEM Shell Element

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