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减氮对华北地区麦玉轮作农田土壤N2O排放调控机理

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灌溉排水学报 2024年第5期43卷 95-104页

作者：白芳芳李平陆红飞李白玉齐学斌毛雯雯中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所河南新乡453002 农业部农产品质量安全水环境因子风险评估实验室河南新乡453002 中国农业科学院河南新乡农业水土环境野外科学观测试验站河南新乡453002 江苏农林职业技术学院江苏句容212400 青岛工学院山东青岛266300 河南省地质局地质灾害防治中心郑州450012

【目的】探究减氮对华北地区麦玉轮作农田土壤N2O排放调控机制。【方法】冬小麦季和夏玉米季均以不施氮为对照(CK),设置2个施氮量,分别为常规施氮量(纯氮300 kg/hm2,N2)、减氮20%(纯氮240 kg/hm2,N1),研究施氮量对麦玉轮作农田土壤性质... 详细信息

【目的】探究减氮对华北地区麦玉轮作农田土壤N2O排放调控机制。【方法】冬小麦季和夏玉米季均以不施氮为对照(CK),设置2个施氮量,分别为常规施氮量(纯氮300 kg/hm2,N2)、减氮20%(纯氮240 kg/hm2,N1),研究施氮量对麦玉轮作农田土壤性质及N2O排放通量影响,基于逐步回归分析,研究减氮对麦玉轮作农田土壤N2O排放调控机制。【结果】(1)减氮有效降低了N2O排放通量,且夏玉米季N2O排放通量远高于冬小麦季,夏玉米季由施肥引起的N2O排放量较高。(2)冬小麦季N2O排放通量与环境因子逐步回归公式为:N2O排放通量=181.952+1.450×硝态氮+8.401×铵态氮-0.514×电导率;硝态氮、铵态氮会对冬小麦季N2O排放通量产生显著的正向影响,而电导率会对冬小麦季N2O排放通量产生显著的负向影响。(3)夏玉米季N2O排放通量与环境因子逐步回归公式为:N2O排放通量=-354.606+4.592×硝态氮+157.848×铵态氮;硝态氮、铵态氮会对夏玉米季N2O排放通量产生显著的正向影响。【结论】综上可知,适量减氮显著降低夏玉米季N2O累积排放量和增温潜势,应加强夏玉米季农田水肥管理。

关键词：麦玉轮作减氮 N2O排放通量土壤性质逐步回归分析

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Effects of Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculation on soil bacterial community and rice yield under combined irrigation with reclaimed and fresh water

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2022年第3期15卷 33-46页

作者： Hongfei Lu xuebin qi Ping Li Dongmei qiao Shafeeq-ur-Rahman Fangfang Bai Jiaxin Cui Farmland Irrigation Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXinxiang 453003HenanChina Water Environment Factor Risk Assessment Laboratory of Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsXinxiang 453002HenanChina Agricultural Water Soil Environmental Field Research Station of Xinxiang Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXinxiang 453002HenanChina Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry Jurong 212499JiangsuChina

In order to save fresh water and reduce soil salt accumulation,reclaimed water-fresh water combined irrigation,i.e,irrigation with reclaimed water for 50 d and then with fresh water till harvest,was used in rice *** subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were inoculated into the soil at the end of reclaimed water *** inoculation weight per pot of these microorganisms was as follows:0 g and 0 g(J0),5 g and 0 g(J1),3.75 g and 1.25 g(J2),2.5 g and 2.5 g(J3),1.25 g and 3.75 g(J4),and 0 g and 5 g(J5),*** using reclaimed water in the whole stage was used as the control(CK).The plant height,tiller,physical and chemical properties of the soil,and soil bacterial diversity were *** was found that the plant height of rice was increased significantly by J1-J5 *** dry weight of rice root,stem,and panicle and the 1000-grain weight increased significantly,while the leaf dry weight *** inoculation significantly increased the nutrient absorption capacity of the crops.J1,J2,and J4 treatments significantly increased the amount of nitrate-nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium,while J3,J4,and J5 treatments increased the soil organic matter,and microbial inoculation significantly decreased the EC of soil.J4 treatment induced the largest reduction in EC,and microorganisms treatments increased soil *** function prediction based on the KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)pathway indicated that soil metabolic function was not significantly disturbed by the *** matter and pH are the two main factors affecting the structure of the bacterial community in soil.3.75 g of *** and 1.25 g of *** per pot is the best inoculation ratio.

关键词： Bacillus subtilis Saccharomyces cerevisiae rice reclaimed water soil

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利用水均衡法确定建设项目水资源论证范围

农业工程学报 2005年第3期21卷 71-74页

作者：樊向阳齐学斌水利部农田灌溉研究所新乡453003

建设项目水资源论证制度是完善取水许可制度,审查批准取水许可申请的重要依据。论证过程中,应首先确定论证范围。该文针对平原区特有的水文地质条件,提出应用水量均衡原理,以待定的水源地稳定水位降落漏斗面积为均衡区面积,建立水量均... 详细信息

建设项目水资源论证制度是完善取水许可制度,审查批准取水许可申请的重要依据。论证过程中,应首先确定论证范围。该文针对平原区特有的水文地质条件,提出应用水量均衡原理,以待定的水源地稳定水位降落漏斗面积为均衡区面积,建立水量均衡方程,进而求得该漏斗区面积,以此作为确定水资源论证范围的依据,具有较强的实用性。

关键词：水量均衡平原区地下取水水资源论证范围

High Arterial Oxygen Saturation in the Acclimatized Lowlanders Living at High Altitude

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Phenomics 2023年第4期3卷 329-332页

作者： Yaoxi He Chaoying Cui Yongbo Guo Wangshan Zheng Tian Yue Hui Zhang Ouzhuluobu Tianyi Wu xuebin qi Bing Su State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China High Altitude Medical Research Center School of MedicineTibetan UniversityLhasa 850000China National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine High Altitude Medical Research InstituteXining 810012China

Blood oxygen saturation(SpO_(2))is a key indicator of oxygen availability in the *** is known that a low SpO_(2)at high altitude is associated with morbidity and mortality risks due to physiological ***,it was proposed that the lowlander immigrants living at high altitude should have a lower SpO_(2)level compared to the highlander natives,but this proposal has not been rigorously tested due to the lack of data from the lowlander immigrants living at high *** this study,we compared arterial oxygen saturation of 5929 Tibetan natives and 1034 Han Chinese immigrants living at altitudes ranging from 1120 m to 5020 ***,the Han immigrants had a higher SpO_(2)than the Tibetan natives at the same high *** the same time,there is a higher prevalence of chronic mountain sickness in Han than in Tibetans at the same *** result suggests that the relatively higher SpO_(2)level of the acclimatized Han is associated with a physiological cost,and the SpO_(2)level of Tibetans tends to be ***,SpO_(2)alone is not a robust indicator of physiological performance at high altitude.

关键词： Oxygen saturation High altitude Acclimatization Adaptation

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节水灌溉的环境效应研究现状及研究重点

农业工程学报 2000年第4期16卷 37-40页

作者：齐学斌庞鸿宾水利部中国农科院农田灌溉研究所

对农田节水灌溉领域有关环境效应问题的国内外研究现状进行了分析 ,指出其研究不足 ,建议应从节水灌溉对农田生态环境影响效应的综合分析、节水灌溉条件下地表水及地下水水文循环变化规律、节水灌溉条件下地下水与土壤盐渍化关系机理、... 详细信息

对农田节水灌溉领域有关环境效应问题的国内外研究现状进行了分析 ,指出其研究不足 ,建议应从节水灌溉对农田生态环境影响效应的综合分析、节水灌溉条件下地表水及地下水水文循环变化规律、节水灌溉条件下地下水与土壤盐渍化关系机理、地膜覆盖节水增产机理及对环境的影响。

关键词：节水灌溉环境效应生态环境盐渍土地下水

Detecting positive darwinian selection in brain-expressed genes during human evolution

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第3期52卷 324-335页

作者： qi xuebin YANG Su ZHENG HongKun WANG Yinqiu LIAO ChengHong LIU Ying CHEN XiaoHua SHI Hong YU xiaoJing Alice A. LIN Luca L. CAVALLI-SFORZA WANG Jun SU Bing Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China Kunming Primate Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China Beijing Institute of Genomics of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Genomics Institute Beijing Proteomics Institute Beijing 101300 China Department of Genetics Stanford University Stanford USA Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China The Institute of Human Genetics University of Aarhus Aarhus C DK-8000 Denmark Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Southem Denmark Odense M DK-5230 Denmark

To understand the genetic basis that underlies the phenotypic divergence between human and non- human primates, we screened a total of 7176 protein-coding genes expressed in the human brain and compared them with the chimpanzee orthologs to identify genes that show evidence of rapid evolution in the human lineage. Our results showed that the nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution (Ka/Ks) ratio for genes expressed in the brain of human and chimpanzee is 0.3854, suggesting that the brain-expressed genes are under functional constraint. The X-linked human brain-expressed genes evolved more rapidly than autosomal ones. We further dissected the molecular evolutionary patterns of 34 candidate genes by sequencing representative primate species to identify lineage-specific adaptive evolution. Fifteen out of the 34 candidate genes showed evidence of positive Darwinian selection in human and/or chimpanzee lineages. These genes are predicted to play diverse functional roles in em- bryonic development, spermatogenesis and male fertility, signal transduction, sensory nociception, and neural function. This study together with others demonstrated the usefulness and power of phy- logenetic comparison of multiple closely related species in detecting lineage-specific adaptive evolu- tion, and the identification of the positively selected brain-expressed genes may add new knowledge to the understanding of molecular mechanism of human origin.

关键词：人类进化适应性进化正向选择人脑表达基因检测人科动物达尔文学说

De novo assembly of a Tibetan genome and identification of novel structural variants associated with high-altitude adaptation

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National Science Review 2020年第2期7卷 391-402页

作者： Ouzhuluobu Yaoxi He Haiyi Lou Chaoying Cui Lian Deng Yang Gao Wangshan Zheng Yongbo Guo Xiaoji Wang Zhilin Ning Jun Li Bin Li Caijuan Bai Baimakangzhuo Gonggalanzi Dejiquzong Bianba Duojizhuoma Shiming Liu Tianyi Wu Shuhua Xu xuebin qi Bing Su High Altitude Medical Research Center School of Medicine Tibetan University Fukang Obstetrics Gynecology and Children Branch Hospital Tibetan Fukang Hospital State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Life Science and Technology Shanghai Tech University Center for Disease Control Tibet Autonomous Region National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine High Altitude Medical Research Institute Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development

Structural variants(SVs) may play important roles in human adaptation to extreme environments such as high altitude but have been under-investigated. Here, combining long-read sequencing with multiple scaffolding techniques, we assembled a high-quality Tibetan genome(ZF1), with a contig N50 length of 24.57 mega-base pairs(Mb) and a scaffold N50 length of 58.80 Mb. The ZF1 assembly filled 80 remaining N-gaps(0.25 Mb in total length) in the reference human genome(GRCh38). Markedly, we detected17 900 SVs, among which the ZF1-specific SVs are enriched in GTPase activity that is required for activation of the hypoxic pathway. Further population analysis uncovered a 163-bp intronic deletion in the MKL1 gene showing large divergence between highland Tibetans and lowland Han Chinese. This deletion is significantly associated with lower systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, one of the key adaptive physiological traits in Tibetans. Moreover, with the use of the high-quality de novo assembly, we observed a much higher rate of genome-wide archaic hominid(Altai Neanderthal and Denisovan) shared non-reference sequences in ZF1(1.32%–1.53%) compared to other East Asian genomes(0.70%–0.98%),reflecting a unique genomic composition of Tibetans. One such archaic hominid shared sequence—a662-bp intronic insertion in the SCUBE2 gene—is enriched and associated with better lung function(the FEV1/FVC ratio) in Tibetans. Collectively, we generated the first high-resolution Tibetan reference genome, and the identified SVs may serve as valuable resources for future evolutionary and medical studies.

关键词： long-read sequencing Tibetan structural variants genetic adaptation reference genome

Effect of Water Resources Allocation on Groundwater Environment and Soil Salinity Accumulation under Climate Change

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2016年第2期6卷 73-82页

作者： Li Ping qi xuebin Magzum Nurolla Huang Zhongdong Liang Zhijie qiao Dongmei Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Farmland Irrigation Research Institute Xinxiang Henan 453002 China Xi 'an University of Technology Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering Xi 'an Shanxi 710048 China Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Agriculture Water and Soil Environmental Field Science Research Station of XinxiangCity Henan Province Xinxiang Henan 453002 China Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key laboratory of High-Efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water ResourcesXinxiang Henan 453002 China

The combined surface and groundwater allocation practice by wells and canals had contributed to the safety of groundwater environment and agriculture sustainable production. The typical area in the People＇s Victory Canal irrigation district was taken as a case, drawing together the irrigation district agriculture water consumption and precipitation from 1954 to 2014 in the People＇s Victory Canal irrigation district, ratios of surface to groundwater irrigation amount, dynamic of groundwater depth and hydrochemical characteristic of groundwater from 2008 to 2014 in the research area, the relationship between groundwater depth and ratio of surface to groundwater irrigation amount was analyzed, in order to ascertain the influence of precipitation on ratios of surface to groundwater irrigation amount and its effect on soil and groundwater environment. The results indicated that positive correlation between the ratios of surface to groundwater irrigation amount and annual precipitation was appeared, affected by climate change, average irrigation amount from surface in the recent 5 years was 2.90 x 108 cubic meters, accounted for 75.52% of total irrigation amount, on the other hand, decreasing tendency of precipitation was obvious, and groundwater depth dynamic in upstream of the branch canals was more dramatic than downstream because of surface water irrigation infiltration, under the unified condition of water use efficiency, ratio of surface to groundwater irrigation amount was negative correlation with area of the groundwater depth beyond 11 m, meanwhile, groundwater depth demonstrated negative correlation with the ratio of surface to groundwater irrigation amount, moreover, alkaline trend of groundwater hydrochemistry during the normal season in the research area was obvious because of phreatic evaporation and the agricultural irrigation from wells, along with irrigation from surface inflow of Yellow River, quality of groundwater hydrochemistry during the dry season w

关键词： Well-canal combined irrigation district irrigation patterns ratio of surface to groundwater irrigation amount hydrochemical characteristic.

Seasonality and Sex-Biased Fluctuation of Birth Weight in Tibetan Populations

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Phenomics 2022年第1期2卷 64-71页

作者： Yaoxi He Jun Li Tian Yue Wangshan Zheng Yongbo Guo Hui Zhang Li Chen Chunxia Li Hongyan Li Chaoying Cui Ouzhuluobu xuebin qi Bing Su State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Fukang Obstetrics Gynecology and Children Branch HospitalTibetan Fukang HospitalLhasa 850000China High Altitude Medical Research Center School of MedicineTibetan UniversityLhasa 850000China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Birth weight(BW)is a key determinant of infant *** studies have reported seasonal fluctuation of ***,the responsible environmental factors remain ***-altitude environment provides a great opportunity to test the current hypotheses due to its distinctive climate *** collected BW data of~9000 Tibetan singletons born at Lhasa(elevation:3660 m)from 2014 to *** regression models,we analyzed BW seasonality of highland *** models with meteorological factors as independent variables were employed to examine responsible environmental factors accounting for seasonal *** compared BW,low-BW prevalence and sex ratio between high-land and lowland populations,and we observed a significant seasonal pattern of BW in Tibetans,with a peak in winter and a trough in ***,there is a marked sex-biased pattern of BW seasonality(more striking in males than in females).Sunlight exposure in the 3rd trimester and barometric pressure exposure in the 2nd trimester are significantly correlated with BW,and the latter can be explained by seasonal change of oxygen partial *** particular,due to the male-biased BW seasonality,we found a more serious BW reduction and higher prevalence of low-BW in males,and a skewed sex ratio in *** infant BW of highland Tibetans has a clear pattern of *** winter BW is larger than the summer BW,due to the longer sunlight exposure during the *** infants are more sensitive to hypoxia than female infants during the 2nd trimester,leading to more BW reduction and higher mortality.

关键词： Birth weight Seasonality Sex-bias High altitude Tibetans