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Intensified warming suppressed the snowmelt in the Tibetan Plateau

Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 452-463页

作者： Xiang LI Peng CUI xue-qin zhang Fang zhang Key Lab of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China China‒Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences and Higher Education CommissionIslamabad 45320Pakistan

Understanding how hydrological factors interrelate is crucial when examining the impact of climate warming on ***,these connections are often overlooked,leading to an unclear relationship between temperature and *** study investigates the complex interplay between temperature and snowmelt in the Tibetan Plateau from 1961 to 2020,focusing on how extreme high-temperature events affect the frequency of extreme *** a structural equation model,we detected three temperature-related factors that predominantly influenced snowmelt and extreme *** annual average temperature was found to have a significant indirect impact on snowmelt,mediated by changes in snowfall,snow depth and snow *** contrast,high-temperature days(daily maximum temperatures exceeding the 90th percentile)and heat waves(at least three consecutive high-temperature days)negatively affected extreme snowmelt directly or *** direct effect of increasing extreme temperature events was associated with an earlier onset of high-temperature periods,which accelerated snowmelt and shortened the duration of extreme snowmelt ***,the reduction in snow cover owing to warming emerged as a main factor suppressing snowmelt and extreme snowmelt *** also revealed spatiotemporal variations in the temperature‒snowmelt relationship that highly depended on changes in snowmelt *** study elucidated why warming suppresses snowmelt and extreme snowmelt events in the Tibetan Plateau,highlighting the mediating roles of snow-related and phenological *** findings will provide scientific support for climate simulation and water management policymaking in alpine regions worldwide.

关键词： Climate change Extreme temperature Snowmelt Structural equation model Tibetan Plateau

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Critical environmental factors affecting mountain geohazards in a warming climate in Southwest China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第4期15卷 695-707页

作者： Xiao-Ming XU Peng CUI xue-qin zhang Key Lab of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 10010lChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences and Higher Education CommissionIslamabad 45320Pakistan

Environmental factors are essential input variables for susceptibility assessment models of mountain ***,the existing literature provides a limited understanding of the relative contribution of these factors to the occurrence of geohazards with a warming climate,posing tremendous challenges for risk management in mountainous ***'an city is susceptible to hazards because of its steep terrain,abundant precipitation and active seismic *** this regard,we utilise the GeoDetector model to extract critical environmental factors affecting the spatial patterns of mountain geohazards(i.e.,landslide,debris flow and rockfall)in Southwest *** analysis indicates that the factors with the highest explanatory power for the spatial distribution of landslides,debris flows,and rockfalls are soil property,extreme precipitation and extreme temperature,***,we revealed the synergistic effects among factors given their larger q-value than individual *** further explored the responses of mountain geohazards to climate change,including the rising temperature and precipitation,because the frequent occurrence of mountain geohazards is closely related to a warming *** variation in snow water equivalent caused by antecedent snowfall and snowdrifts acts as a crucial indicator for geohazards,highlighting the significance of snow and wind observations in meteorological nowcasting and disaster *** disclose the phenomenon of the geohazard hysteresis to the precipitation peak resulting from the top-down(i.e.,precipitation-runoff and surface-deep soil moisture)peak *** work is expected to enhance the precision of susceptibility assessment models and the reliability of short-term forecasts for mountain geohazards.

关键词： Mountain geohazards Environmental factors Climate change GeoDetector Southwest China

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Polysiloxane Side-chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers Prepared by Alkyne Hydrosilylation

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2015年第10期33卷 1431-1441页

作者： Wen Zhao Bao-ping Lin xue-qin zhang Ying Sun 杨洪 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory Southeast University

We describe in this work an alkyne-hydrosilylation approach to synthesize a series of novel polysiloxane sidechain LCPs attaching end-on or side-on mesogenic side groups. Their properties are characterized by NMR, FTIR, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetty, polarized optical microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. These obtained alkenylsilane linked novel LCPs exhibit higher glass transition temperatures and clearing points, and especially display the tendency of forming smectic phases, in strong contrast with the nematic phases of their comparative conventional alkylsilane linked analogues, which manifests more rigid features of the alkenylsilane linkages and their significant influence on the mesomorphic properties.

关键词： Liquid crystalline polymer Polysiloxane Alkyne hydrosilylation

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Modified Therapeutic Antibodies: Improving Efficacy

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Engineering 2021年第11期7卷 1529-1540页

作者： Ji-Min Dai xue-qin zhang Jing-Yao Dai Xiang-Min Yang Zhi-Nan Chen Department of Cell Biology National Translational Science Center for Molecular MedicineState Key Laboratory of Cancer BiologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032China Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Air Force Medical CenterBeijing 100142China

The prosperity of the biotherapeutics market reflects the feasibility and effectiveness of therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of cancers,inflammatory disorders,and refractory *** drawbacks emerge in clinical trials and practice,such as impeded binding,reduced effector functions,and frequent adverse reactions,modifications of therapeutic antibodies are unprecedently burgeoning in research and development(R&D).These modifications include:①modified glycosylation;②fragment of crystallizable domain(Fc)amino acid alterations;③cross-isotype or cross-subclass exchanges;④antibody–drug conjugates(ADCs);⑤single chain of variable region fragment(scFv)for chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cells;and⑥bispecific antibodies(bsAbs)in order to promote binding affinity,half-life in circulation,effectiveness toward target cells and,ultimately,to achieve overall improved *** many achievements have been made around the world in the past decades,China has been playing an active role in this realm,with its great demand for biotherapeutics with R&D *** review recapitulates the international progress that has been achieved with modified therapeutic antibodies,and then focuses on that of China in an independent section.

关键词： Therapeutic antibody Modification Efficacy Antigen Antibody-drug conjugate Bispecific antibody

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Arabidopsis thaliana NOP10 is required for gametophyte formation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第8期60卷 723-736页

作者： Lin-Xiao Li Hong-Ze Liao Li-Xi Jiang qing Tan De Ye xue-qin zhang State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy and Enzyme Technology National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery Guangxi Academy of Sciences College of Agriculture & Biotechnology Zhejiang University

The female gametophyte is crucial for sexual reproduction of higher plants, yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying its development. Here, we report that Arabidopsis thaliana NOP10 （AtNOP10） is required for female gametophyte formation. AtNOP10 was expressed predominantly in the seedling and reproductive tissues, including anthers, pollen grains, and ovules. Mutations in AtNOP10 interrupted mitosis of the functional megaspore during early development and prevented polar nuclear fusion in the embryo sacs. AtNOP10 shares a high level of amino acid sequence similarity with Saccharornycescerevisiae （yeast） NOPIo （ScNOP1o）, an important compo- nent of the H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles （H/ACA snoRNPs） implicated in 18S rRNA synthe- sis and rRNA pseudouridylation. Heterologous expression of ScNOP10 complemented the mutant phenotype of Atnop10. Thus, AtNOPIo influences functional megaspore mitosis and polar nuclear fusion during gametophyte formation in Arabidopsis.

关键词： Figure Arabidopsis thaliana NOP10 is required for gametophyte formation

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MALE GAMETOPHYTE DEFECTIVE 2,Encoding a Sialyltransferase-like Protein,is Required for Normal Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第9期52卷 829-843页

作者： Yi Deng Wei Wang Wen-qing Li Chuan Xia Hong-Ze Liao xue-qin zhang De Ye State Key-Laboratory of Pla-nt Physiology and Biochemistry College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China

Sialyltransferases （SlaTs） exist widely in vertebrates and play important roles in a variety of biological processes. In plants, several genes have also been identified to encode the proteins that share homology with the vertebrate SlaTs. However, very little is known about their functions in plants. Here we report the identification and characterization of a novel Arabidopsis gene, MALE GAMETOPHYTE DEFECTIVE 2 （MGP2） that encodes a sialyltransferase-like protein. MGP2 was expressed in all tissues including pollen grains and pollen tubes. The MGP2 protein was targeted to Golgi apparatus. Knockout of MGP2 significantly inhibited the pollen germination and retarded pollen tube growth in vitro and in vivo, but did not affect female gametophytic functions. These results suggest that the sialyltransferase-like protein MGP2 is important for normal pollen germination and pollen tube growth, giving a novel insight into the biological roles of the *** proteins in plants.

关键词： Plants Planting Proteins Protein products Imports Genes Vertebrates Pollen tubes Growth Germinability

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WBC27,an Adenosine Tri-phosphate-binding Cassette Protein,Controls Pollen Wall Formation and Patterning in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第1期53卷 74-88页

作者： Xiao-Ying Dou Ke-Zhen Yang Yi zhang Wei Wang Xiao-Lei Liu Li-Qun Chen xue-qin zhang De Ye State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement Ministry of Agriculture Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China

In flowering plants, the exine components are derived from tapetum. Despite its importance to sexual plant reproduction, little is known about the translocation of exine materials from tapetum to developing microspores. Here we report functional characterization of the arabidopsis WBC27 gene. WBC27 encodes an adenosine tri-phosphate binding cassette （ABC） transporter and is expressed preferentially in tapetum. Mutation of WBC27 disrupted the exine formation. The wbc27 mutant microspores began to degenerate once released from tetrads and most of the microspores collapsed at the uninucleate stage. Only a small number of wbc27-1 microspores could develop into tricellular pollen grains. These survival pollen grains lacked exine and germinated in the anther before anthesis. All of these results suggest that the ABC transporter, WBC27 plays important roles in the formation of arabidopsis exine, possibly by translocation of lipidic precursors of sporopollenin from tapetum to developing microspores.

关键词： Flowering Plants Planting Pollen Imports Translocation Grain Arabidopsis Transport

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Experimental and numerical investigation of the impacts of rotor tip-rake on excitation forces of pump-jet propulsors

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第1期36卷 142-157页

作者： xue-qin Ji Xiao-song zhang Chen-jun Yang Xiao-qian Dong State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Marine Numerical Experiment CentreSchool of Naval ArchitectureOcean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China CSSC Shanghai Marine Energy Saving Technology Co. Ltd.Shanghai200011China China Ship Scientific Research Center Shanghai Branch Shanghai200011China

The tip-clearance flow in a pump-jet propulsor exerts great impacts on the fluctuating pressures and resultant unsteady forces,which are important sources of structural vibrations and radiated noise *** blade geometry close to the tip is an important factor determining the vortex strength in the tip-clearance *** the open-water condition,the effects of raking the rotor tips on the duct-surface fluctuating pressures and the resultant unsteady forces acting on different components of the propulsor are investigated via physical model experiments and the numerical solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)equations coupled with the SST k-ωturbulence *** measured and simulated results of hydrodynamic pressures are consistent to each other,and the simulated flows help better understand why the fluctuating pressures change with the tip *** strong fluctuations of duct-surface pressures are caused by intensive tip separation *** duct-surface pressure fluctuations are effectively reduced by using the rake distribution near the tip towards blade back side and,for the combination of the five-bladed rotor and the seven-bladed stator,the resultant unsteady horizontal(and vertical)forces acting on the duct and stator are also reduced;while increasing rake leads to negative effect on pressure fluctuations and unsteady horizontal(and vertical)forces acting on all the components of the propulsor.

关键词： Pump-jet tip-clearance tip-rake fluctuating pressures excitation forces

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Novel aqueous rechargeable nickel//bismuth battery based on highly porous Bi_(2)WO6 and Co_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)MoO_(4) microspheres

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Rare Metals 2023年第3期42卷 902-915页

作者： Wei-Wei Kang Ya-Nan Zhao Wen-qing zhang Ying Sun xue-qin zhang Gui-Yun Yi Guang-Xu Huang Bao-Lin Xing Chuan-Xiang zhang Bao-Ping Lin College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454003China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China

Developing high performances aqueous rechargeable batteries is imperative and ***,a novel aqueous rechargeable nickel//bismuth battery is developed based on highly porous Bi_(2)WO_(6) and Co_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)MoO_(4) microspheres as electrode active *** Bi_(2)WO6 microspheres assembled from nanosheets as anode active materials can afford a specific capacity of179.2 mAh·g^(-1) at 1 A·g^(-1),rate capability of 74.7%in 1-20 A·g^(-1),and capacity retention of 57.2%for 1500 cycles at 15 A·g^(-1).Owing to the highly porous microsphere with’ribbon’-like and intertwined nanolayers morphology,the screened Co0.5Ni0.5MoO4 cathode active materials present an outstanding specific surface area of 293 m^(2)·g^(-1)and excellent electrochemical performance(such as superior specific capacity of 113.2 mAh·g^(-1) at 1 A·g^(-1),high rate performance of 51.8%in 1-15 A·g^(-1),and good capacity retention of 48.5%for 4600 cycles at15 A·g^(-1)).The corresponding aqueous rechargeable nickel//bismuth battery delivers the maximum energy density and power density of 35.8 Wh·kg^(-1) and3238.5 W·kg^(-1),*** present research would offer a worthwhile guidance for the effective construction of electrode active materials for aqueous rechargeable nickel//bismuth batteries.

关键词： Aqueous rechargeable batteries(ARBs) Porous Co_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)MoO_(4) Bi_(2)WO microspheres Energy storageandconversion

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GNOM-LIKE 2, Encoding an Adenosine Diphosphate-Ribosylation Factor-Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Protein Homologous to GNOM and GNL1, is Essential for Pollen Germination in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第8期51卷 762-773页

作者： Dong-Jie Jia Xi Cao Wei Wang Xiao-Yun Tan xue-qin zhang Li-Qun Chen De Ye State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China National Center for Plant Gene Research Beijing 100101 China

In flowering plants, male gametes are delivered to female gametophytes by pollen tubes. Although it is important for sexual plant reproduction, little is known about the genetic mechanism that controls pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Here we report the identification and characterization of two novel mutants, gnom-like 2-1 （gnl2-1） and gn12-2 in Arabidopsis thaliana, in which the pollen grains failed to germinate in vitro and in vivo. GNL2 encodes a protein homologous to the adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factor-guanine nucleotide exchange factors, GNOM and GNL1 that are involved in endosomal recycling and endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi vesicular trafficking. It was prolifically expressed in pollen grains and pollen tubes. The results of the present study suggest that GNL2 plays an important role in pollen germination.

关键词： adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factor-guanine nucleotide exchange factor Arabidopsis gametophyte GNL2 male gametophytedefective pollen.

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