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Large circuit models: opportunities and challenges

Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第10期 25-66页

作者： Lei chen Yiqi chen Zhufei CHU Wenji FANG Tsung-Yi HO Ru HUANG Yu HUANG Sadaf KHAN Min LI Xingquan LI Yu LI Yun LIANG Jinwei LIU Yi LIU Yibo LIN Guojie LUO hongyang PAN Zhengyuan SHI Guangyu SUN Dimitrios TSARAS Runsheng wang Ziyi wang Xinming WEI Zhiyao XIE Qiang XU chenhao xue Junchi YAN Jun YANG Bei YU Mingxuan yuan Evangeline F.Y.YOUNG Xuan ZENG Haoyi ZHANG Zuodong ZHANG Yuxiang ZHAO Hui-Ling ZHEN Ziyang ZHENG Binwu ZHU Keren ZHU Sunan ZOU Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab School of Integrated Circuits Peking University Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Integrated Circuits Southeast University Huawei HiSilicon Peng cheng Laboratory School of Computer Science Peking University School of Microelectronics State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and System Fudan University School of Artificial Intelligence Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Within the electronic design automation(EDA) domain, artificial intelligence(AI)-driven solutions have emerged as formidable tools, yet they typically augment rather than redefine existing methodologies. These solutions often repurpose deep learning models from other domains, such as vision, text, and graph analytics, applying them to circuit design without tailoring to the unique complexities of electronic circuits. Such an “AI4EDA” approach falls short of achieving a holistic design synthesis and understanding,overlooking the intricate interplay of electrical, logical, and physical facets of circuit data. This study argues for a paradigm shift from AI4EDA towards AI-rooted EDA from the ground up, integrating AI at the core of the design process. Pivotal to this vision is the development of a multimodal circuit representation learning technique, poised to provide a comprehensive understanding by harmonizing and extracting insights from varied data sources, such as functional specifications, register-transfer level(RTL) designs, circuit netlists,and physical layouts. We champion the creation of large circuit models(LCMs) that are inherently multimodal, crafted to decode and express the rich semantics and structures of circuit data, thus fostering more resilient, efficient, and inventive design methodologies. Embracing this AI-rooted philosophy, we foresee a trajectory that transcends the current innovation plateau in EDA, igniting a profound “shift-left” in electronic design methodology. The envisioned advancements herald not just an evolution of existing EDA tools but a revolution, giving rise to novel instruments of design-tools that promise to radically enhance design productivity and inaugurate a new epoch where the optimization of circuit performance, power, and area(PPA) is achieved not incrementally, but through leaps that redefine the benchmarks of electronic systems' capabilities.

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A novel linear microprobe array for the fabrication of neural microelectrodes

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2015年第2期58卷 346-351页

作者： ZHAO Shan Shan PEI Wei Hua ZHAO Hui wang Yi Jun chen San yuan chen yuan Fang ZHANG He GUO Dong mei GUI Qiang chen hong Da State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Neural Computation University of California San Diego

A novel linear microprobe array(LMPA)has been developed by a conventional microfabrication method from *** LMPA leverages the properties of conventional microwire with additional features of naturally formed regular *** the help of periodic microprobe arrays and double-side V-grooves fabricated in advance between each pair of the two microprobes’rear ends,the number of microprobe units for assembly in one array can be flexibly chosen by cleavage fracture from the *** fabrication method was demonstrated and the prototype device was assessed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and in vivo *** SNR of the spikes recorded was 6.

关键词： LMPA regular spacing cleavage fracture V-groove

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孕康口服液对缺铁性贫血孕鼠产后恢复及子代质量的影响

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中成药 2024年第4期46卷 1151-1161页

作者：李婷颜美秋苏洁郭静妍汪晨兴韩丽萍俞静静陈素红吕圭源楼招欢浙江中医药大学药学院浙江杭州310053

目的探究孕康口服液对缺铁性贫血(IDA)孕鼠产后恢复及子代质量的影响。方法采用饲喂缺铁饲料联合放血法建立缺铁性贫血孕鼠模型,造模成功后,在妊娠第7天同期灌胃给予琥珀酸亚铁片(52 mg/kg)及孕康口服液(9、6、4 mL/kg),每天1次,直至... 详细信息

目的探究孕康口服液对缺铁性贫血(IDA)孕鼠产后恢复及子代质量的影响。方法采用饲喂缺铁饲料联合放血法建立缺铁性贫血孕鼠模型,造模成功后,在妊娠第7天同期灌胃给予琥珀酸亚铁片(52 mg/kg)及孕康口服液(9、6、4 mL/kg),每天1次,直至产后6周。结束后,检测小鼠相关体征指标(自主活动、抓力、背温、爪色)、脏器系数(心脏、脾、胸腺系数)、外周血指标(RBC、HGB、HCT、MCH、MCHC)、铁代谢相关血清因子指标(EPO、FEP、SF、sTfR、TFR1),免疫组化法检测肝组织FPN、Tf蛋白表达,免疫荧光法检测肝组织TFR1、Hepcidin蛋白表达,RT-qPCR检测肝组织Hepcidin、FPN、Tf、TFR1 mRNA表达,测定子代相关情况(存活率、自主活动、抓力、爪色、心脏系数、脾脏系数、体长、外周血象指标)。结果孕康口服液可提高IDA孕鼠产后的自主活动次数、抓力、背温、爪色(P<0.05,P<0.01),降低心脏和脾脏系数(P<0.01),提高全血RBC、HGB、HCT、MCH、MCHC水平(P<0.05,P<0.01),降低血清EPO、FEP、TFR1、sTfR水平(P<0.05,P<0.01),升高SF水平(P<0.05,P<0.01),提高肝组织Hepcidin、FPN mRNA及蛋白表达(P<0.05,P<0.01),降低Tf、TFR1 mRNA及蛋白表达(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与模型组比较,孕康口服液各剂量组子代存活率、自主活动次数、抓力提高(P<0.05,P<0.01),心脏系数、脾脏系数降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),体长增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),全血RBC、HGB、HCT水平升高(P<0.01)。结论孕康口服液可改善IDA孕鼠的贫血状况,促进其产后恢复,并提高子代质量。

关键词：孕康口服液缺铁性贫血铁调素-膜铁转运铁蛋白轴子代质量

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中国塑性成形技术和装备30年的重大突破与进展

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塑性工程学报 2024年第4期31卷 2-45页

作者：林忠钦黄庆学苑世剑赵国群华林易幼平詹梅李淑慧刘伟王宝雨陈军王涛李宏伟黄亮何祝斌钟掘上海交通大学上海市复杂薄板结构数字化制造重点实验室上海200240 太原理工大学机械与运载工程学院山西太原030024 哈尔滨工业大学金属精密热加工国家级重点实验室黑龙江哈尔滨150001 山东大学材料科学与工程学院山东济南250061 武汉理工大学汽车工程学院湖北武汉430070 中南大学轻合金研究院湖南长沙410083 西北工业大学材料学院陕西西安710072 北京科技大学机械工程学院北京100083 上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院上海200240 华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院湖北武汉430074 大连理工大学机械工程学院辽宁大连116023

1994以来的30年,在国家重大需求的强劲牵引下,我国塑性成形技术与装备取得举世瞩目的巨大成就,研制出一大批世界第一的成形装备,实现了三大技术跨越,形成了规模最大的研究队伍,我国塑性成形技术总体水平进入世界先进国家行列,多个单项... 详细信息

1994以来的30年,在国家重大需求的强劲牵引下,我国塑性成形技术与装备取得举世瞩目的巨大成就,研制出一大批世界第一的成形装备,实现了三大技术跨越,形成了规模最大的研究队伍,我国塑性成形技术总体水平进入世界先进国家行列,多个单项技术和装备达到国际领先水平。选择了其中8项最具代表性成果,并介绍其在塑性工程理论和技术上取得的重大突破以及对国家重大装备研制的突出贡献,分析了我国塑性成形技术与国际领先水平的差距。最后对我国塑性成形技术发展将呈现出的“三超两高”五大发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词：金属成形技术装备塑性

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Novel in situ biosynthesized fluorescent zinc nanoclusters for specific cellular bio-imaging

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2015年第11期26卷 1400-1402页

作者： mei-Na Su Jing Ye Qi-Wei Li Shui-hong Li Wei Ge Xiao chen Hui Jiang xue-mei wang State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab) School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University

It is well known that zinc ions play an indispensable role in the structure and function of a large number of biological process and relevant bio-macromolecules. When some cancers occurred, the relevant concentration of zinc ions considerably decreased. Since cancer cells have a completely different redox homeostasis from normal cells, in this contribution, we have explored the possibility of bio-imaging or labeling of cancer cells through the in situ biosynthesized zinc nanoclusters by cancerous cells. The results demonstrate that we can readily realize the in vivo fluorescent bio-imaging of cancer cells through the in situ biosynthesis of the biocompatible zinc nanoclusters from cancerous cells （i.e., Hela cervical carcinoma cell line and others） when target cells cultured with micromolar zinc gluconate solutions.

关键词： Flourescent bio-imaging of cancer cellsBiosynthesisZinc nanoclustersZinc ions

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Endogenous level of TIGAR in brain is associated with vulnerability of neurons to ischemic injury

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2015年第5期31卷 527-540页

作者： Lijuan Cao Jieyu chen mei Li yuan-yuan Qin meiling Sun Rui Sheng Feng Han Guanghui wang Zheng-hong Qin Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases College of Pharmaceutical Science Soochow University Institute of Pharmacology Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics Zhejiang University Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical Science

In previous studies,we showed that TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator（TIGAR） protects neurons against ischemic brain *** the present study,we investigated the developmental changes of TIGAR level in mouse brain and the correlation of TIGAR expression with the vulnerability of neurons to ischemic *** found that the TIGAR level was high in the embryonic stage,dropped at birth,partially recovered in the early postnatal period,and then continued to decline to a lower level in early adult and aged *** TIGAR expression was higher after ischemia/reperfusion in mouse brain 8and 12 weeks after ***-week-old mice had smaller infarct volumes,lower neurological scores,and lower mortality rates after ischemia than 8- and12-week-old *** expression also increased in response to oxygen glucose deprivation（OGD）/reoxygenation insult or H_2O_2 treatment in cultured primary neurons from different embryonic stages（E16 and E20）.The neurons cultured from the early embryonic period had a greater resistance to OGD and oxidative *** TIGAR levels correlated with higher pentose phosphate pathway activity and less oxidative *** mice and more mature neurons had more severe DNA and mitochondrial damage than younger mice and less mature neurons in response to ischemia/reperfusion or OGD/reoxygenation *** of cultured neurons with nicotinamide adenine dinuclectide phosphate（NADPH） significantly reduced ischemic *** results suggest that TIGAR expression changes during development and its expression level may be correlated with the vulnerability of neurons to ischemic injury.

关键词： TIGAR NADPH ischemia OGD H2O2

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COPD患者高分辨率CT分型与气道炎症、免疫功能和临床疗效的关系研究

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现代生物医学进展 2024年第16期24卷 3123-3127页

作者：张梅马燕康淑琴袁雁鲁雪红王婷新疆医科大学附属中医医院医学影像科新疆乌鲁木齐830000 石河子绿洲医院医学影像科新疆石河子832000 新疆医科大学附属中医医院肺病一科新疆乌鲁木齐830000

目的:研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者高分辨率CT(HRCT)分型与气道炎症、免疫功能和临床疗效的关系。方法:选择从2020年5月到2023年8月在新疆医科大学附属中医医院收治的COPD患者165例,按照HRCT影像表型分为A型组(n=81)、E型组(n=46)及... 详细信息

目的:研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者高分辨率CT(HRCT)分型与气道炎症、免疫功能和临床疗效的关系。方法:选择从2020年5月到2023年8月在新疆医科大学附属中医医院收治的COPD患者165例,按照HRCT影像表型分为A型组(n=81)、E型组(n=46)及M型组(n=38)。对比各组肺功能指标[第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1)),第一秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV_(1)%),第一秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(FEV_(1)/FVC),残气量/肺总量(RV/TLC)],气道炎症指标[C反应蛋白(CRP),白细胞介素-6(IL-6)],免疫功能指标,以及临床疗效。结果:E型组和M型组的FEV_(1)、FEV_(1)%及FEV_(1)/FVC较A型组更低,且M型组较E型组更低(P<0.05)。E型组及M型组的RV/TLC较A型组更高,且M型组较E型组更高(P<0.05)。A型组及E型组的CRP、IL-6较M型组更低,且E型组较A型组更低(P<0.05)。E型组及M型组的CD3+及CD4+/CD8+较A型组更低,且M型组较E型组更低(P<0.05)。A型组总有效率较E型组和M型组更高,且E型组较M型组更高(P<0.05)。结论:不同HRCT分型COPD患者气道炎症、免疫功能和临床疗效之间存在着较大差异,在诊疗过程中可关注此情况,从而为临床诊治提供支持。

关键词：慢性阻塞性肺疾病高分辨率CT 气道炎症免疫功能临床疗效

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Interactive effects of morphine and dopaminergic compounds on spatial working memory in rhesus monkeys

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2013年第1期29卷 37-46页

作者： Jian-hong wang Joshua Dominie Rizak Yan-mei chen Liang Li Xin-Tian Hu yuan-Ye Ma State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Psychology Speech and Hearing Research Center Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education) Peking University

Opiates and dopamine （DA） play key roles in learning and memory in humans and animals. Although interactions between these neurotransmitters have been found, their functional roles remain to be fully elucidated, and their dysfunction may contribute to human diseases and addiction. Here we investigated the interactions of morphine and dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems with respect to learning and memory in rhesus monkeys by using the Wisconsin General Test Apparatus （WGTA） delayed-response task. Morphine and DA agonists （SKF-38393, apomorphine and bromocriptine） or DA antagonists （SKF-83566, haloperidol and sulpiride） were co-administered to the monkeys 30 min prior to the task. We found that dose-patterned co-administration of morphine with D1 or D2 antagonists or agonists reversed the impaired spatial working memory induced by morphine or the compounds alone. For example, morphine at 0.01 mg/kg impaired spatial working memory, while morphine （0.01 mg/kg） and apomorphine （0.01 or 0.06 mg/kg） co-treatment ameliorated this effect. Our findings suggest that the interactions between morphine and dopaminergic compounds influence spatial working memory in rhesus monkeys. A better understanding of these interactive relationships may provide insights into human addiction.

关键词： working memory morphine dopamine rhesus monkey

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Effects of high-flux hemodialysis on plasma adrenomedullin and sustained hypotension in elderly hemodialysis patients

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第6期124卷 907-910页

作者： ZHANG Dong SUN xue-feng MA Zhi-fang ZHU Han-yu wang yuan-da chen Xiang-mei Institute of Nephrology Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital Beijing 100853 China

Background Sustained hypotension during hemodialysis （HD） is an important clinical issue. Plasma adrenomedullin （AM） is increased in HD patients with sustained hypotension, but little is known about whether removing AM can improve hypotension. The objective of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of hemodialysis using a high-flux dialyzer on removal of increased plasma AM levels and improving low blood pressure in elderly HD patients with sustained *** Forty-eight elderly patients （age 65 or older） who had undergone maintenance HD for more than one year were recruited and studied. We evaluated plasma levels of AM in sustained hypotension （SH; n=28） and normotensive （NT; n=20） patients. The patients with hypotension were further divided into two subgroups and treated with eitherhigh-flux dialyzer or low-flux dialyzer for 3 months. Plasma adrenomedullin levels and blood pressure were analyzed at days 0 and *** Plasma levels of AM were significantly higher in SH than in NT patients （（24.92±3.7） ng/L vs. （15.52±6.01） ng/L,P〈0.05）, and were inversely correlated with mean arterial blood pressure （MAP） at pre-HD. After 3 months, the level of plasma AM in high-flux group was decreased （（24.58±4.36） ng/L vs. （16.18±5.08） ng/L, P 〈0.05）, but MAP was increased （（67.37±4.31） mmHg vs. （74.79±3.59） mmHg, P〈0.05）. There was no obvious change in low-flux *** Plasma AM levels were significantly elevated in elderly HD patients with SH. High-flux dialyzer therapy can decrease plasma AM level and improve hypotension.

关键词： high-flux dialysis hypotension adrenomedullin

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Design and engineering implementation of non-supplementary fired compressed air energy storage system: TICC-500

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2015年第4期58卷 600-611页

作者： mei Sheng Wei wang Jun Jie TIAN Fang chen Lai Jun xue Xiao Dai LU Qiang ZHOU yuan ZHOU Xiao Xin State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua University Key Laboratory of Cryogenics Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Power Systems China Electric Power Research Institute

The integration and accommodation of the wind and solar energy pose great challenges on today’s power system operation due to the intermittent nature and volatility of the wind and solar *** efficient large-scale electrical energy storage is one of the most effective and economical solutions to those *** the comprehensive review of the existing storage technologies,this paper proposes an overall design scheme for the Non-supplementary Fired Compressed Air Energy Storage(NFCAES)system,including system design,modeling and efficiency assessment,as well as protection and ***,the design principles of the multistage regenerative,*** recovery system which is used to fully recycle and utilize the waste heat from compression are provided,so as the overall system efficiency evaluation *** paper theoretically ascertains the storage decoupling rules in the potential and internal energy of molecular compressed air and reveals the conversion mechanism of gas,heat,power,electricity and other forms of *** this basis,a 500-k W physical simulation system of CAES system(TICC-500,Tsinghua-IPCCAS-CEPRI-CAES)is built,which passed a system-wide 420-k W load power generation test with less pollution and zero carbon ***,the multi-form energy conversion of multi-stage regenerative CAES and storage efficiency is verified,especially its incomparable superiority in solving the uncertainty problem in wind and solar power ***,the propaganda and application scenario of the CAES system in China is introduced.

关键词： index terms-compressed air energy storage non-supplementary fired regenerative/heat recovery multi-stage expansion TICC-500

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