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短链脂肪酸介导的肠骨轴在骨代谢中的研究进展

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食品科学 2025年第2期46卷 260-267页

作者：张萱杨雪李新科孟璐王加启郑楠中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所农业农村部奶及奶制品质量安全控制重点实验室北京100193 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所农业农村部奶产品质量安全风险评估实验室(北京)北京100193

随着全球老龄化加剧,骨质疏松症等与年龄相关的骨骼代谢疾病发病率不断上升,寻求安全有效的治疗干预方法至关重要。目前肠道微生物及其代谢产物调节骨代谢已成为研究的热点。短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids,SCFAs)如乙酸、丙酸和... 详细信息

随着全球老龄化加剧,骨质疏松症等与年龄相关的骨骼代谢疾病发病率不断上升,寻求安全有效的治疗干预方法至关重要。目前肠道微生物及其代谢产物调节骨代谢已成为研究的热点。短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids,SCFAs)如乙酸、丙酸和丁酸等,能够通过肠-骨轴发挥骨形成和骨吸收的调节作用,对骨稳态调节具有一定的积极作用,并能改善炎症性骨丢失。本文综述SCFAs通过内分泌、免疫、改善营养吸收等途径调控骨代谢稳态,以期为老年代谢性骨病的预防和治疗提供科学依据。

关键词：肠-骨轴短链脂肪酸肠道微生物骨代谢骨质疏松症

吉布森巴贝虫顶膜抗原-1基因的表达及表达产物的生物学活性

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中国兽医科学 2008年第2期38卷 128-132页

作者：杨俊周金林周望平玄学南肖兵南邱美珍湖南省畜牧兽医研究所湖南长沙410131 带广畜产大学国家原虫病研究中心日本带广080-8555

通过免疫筛选法,从构建的犬吉布森巴贝虫cDNA基因表达文库中筛选到1个cDNA克隆,此cDNA核苷酸全长2 108 bp,包含1个完整的开放阅读框,编码蛋白的分子质量约为62 ku。经过分析,此蛋白(BgAMA-1)与其他巴贝虫属的顶膜抗原-1具有较高的同源... 详细信息

通过免疫筛选法,从构建的犬吉布森巴贝虫cDNA基因表达文库中筛选到1个cDNA克隆,此cDNA核苷酸全长2 108 bp,包含1个完整的开放阅读框,编码蛋白的分子质量约为62 ku。经过分析,此蛋白(BgAMA-1)与其他巴贝虫属的顶膜抗原-1具有较高的同源性。为了研究其生物学活性,以此cDNA为模板,利用PCR扩增BgAMA-1的全基因,并将其克隆到pGEX-4T-3载体上,构建了原核表达载体pGEX-4T-3/BgAMA-1。通过Western-blotting对表达并纯化的重组蛋白的生物学活性进行分析。结果显示,构建的pGEX-4T-3/BgAMA-1能在大肠杆菌DH5α中表达,所获的重组抗原BgAMA-1在Western-blotting上仅与吉布森巴贝虫感染犬血清发生反应,证实其具有种特异性,在诊断方面可能有一定的应用价值。

关键词：吉布森巴贝虫顶膜抗原-1 原核表达

微小隐孢子虫p23基因在干酪乳杆菌中的表达及其表达产物的鉴定

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中国兽医学报 2010年第6期30卷 770-773页

作者：格日勒图布仁贺希格白梅贾洪林玄学南张和平内蒙古农业大学乳品生物技术与工程教育部重点实验室内蒙古呼和浩特010018 内蒙古自治区农业综合开发评审中心内蒙古呼和浩特010098 日本带广畜产大学国家原虫病研究中心遗传生化研究分野

应用DNA重组技术把微小隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium parvum)子孢子抗原p23基因克隆入表达载体pMG36e当中,成功构建了可在干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei Zhang)胞浆中表达的重组载体pMG-p23。并以SDS-PAGE、Western blotting以及IFAT试验方法,分别在破碎菌体组分和活菌体当中鉴定p23基因表达产物并确定其在细胞中表达的位置。本试验为进一步构建分泌型或锚定型干酪乳杆菌(*** Zhang)活菌载体奠定了基础。

关键词：干酪乳杆菌微小隐孢子虫 p23基因表达

Investigating Müller glia reprogramming in mice: a retrospective of the last decade, and a look to the future

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 946-959页

作者： Zhiyuan Yin Jiahui Kang xuan Cheng Hui Gao Shujia Huo Haiwei Xu Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration&Restoration of Chongqing Southwest Eye HospitalSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University(Army Medical University)ChongqingChina

Müller glia,as prominent glial cells within the retina,plays a significant role in maintaining retinal homeostasis in both healthy and diseased *** lower vertebrates like zebrafish,these cells assume responsibility for spontaneous retinal regeneration,wherein endogenous Müller glia undergo proliferation,transform into Müller glia-derived progenitor cells,and subsequently regenerate the entire retina with restored ***,Müller glia in the mouse and human retina exhibit limited neural reprogramming.Müller glia reprogramming is thus a promising strategy for treating neurodegenerative ocular disorders.Müller glia reprogramming in mice has been accomplished with remarkable success,through various *** in molecular,genetic,epigenetic,morphological,and physiological evaluations have made it easier to document and investigate the Müller glia programming process in ***,there remain issues that hinder improving reprogramming efficiency and ***,understanding the reprogramming mechanism is crucial toward exploring factors that will improve Müller glia reprogramming efficiency,and for developing novel Müller glia reprogramming *** review describes recent progress in relatively successful Müller glia reprogramming *** also provides a basis for developing new Müller glia reprogramming strategies in mice,including epigenetic remodeling,metabolic modulation,immune regulation,chemical small-molecules regulation,extracellular matrix remodeling,and cell-cell fusion,to achieve Müller glia reprogramming in mice.

关键词： cell fusion chemical small-molecules epigenetic extracellular matrix immune metabolic mice Müller glia neurodegenerative diseases reprogramming retina regeneration

Three-dimensional fracture of UO2 ceramic pellets by phase field modeling

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 169-180页

作者： Wei Xiong xuan Ye Hongzhang Cheng Xiaoming Liu Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Fracture is the primary failure type for the UO2ceramic pellets,which are operated under irradiation and thermal processes,and physically confined by the *** this work,by combining closely coupled physical processes of heat conduction,heat transfer,and mechanical deformation with the cohesive phase field framework,we proposed a high-precision modeling of quasistatic cracking of three-dimensional （3D） UO2ceramic fuel pellets under high temperature and *** simulation results agree well with the experimental results,indicating that the proposed method has the potential to capture 3D crack modes in the interested time ***,we studied the relation of the 3D fracture patterns of fuel pellets with the peak power *** was found that the power level plays a critical role in determining the competition between radial and circumferential cracks,as well as transverse penetrating cracks.

关键词： phase field method nuclear fuel pellet coupled thermo-mechanical model thermal fracture

Cell polarization in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and advances

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 632-645页

作者： Yuanwei Li Xiaoxiao Xu xuan Wu Jiarui Li Shiling Chen Danyang Chen Gaigai Li Zhouping Tang Department of Neurology Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and disability rates. Since the inflammation and immune response play a central role in driving ischemic damage, it becomes essential to modulate excessive inflammatory reactions to promote cell survival and facilitate tissue repair around the injury site. Various cell types are involved in the inflammatory response, including microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils, each exhibiting distinct phenotypic profiles upon stimulation. They display either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory states, a phenomenon known as ‘cell polarization.’ There are two cell polarization therapy strategies. The first involves inducing cells into a neuroprotective phenotype in vitro, then reintroducing them autologously. The second approach utilizes small molecular substances to directly affect cells in vivo. In this review, we elucidate the polarization dynamics of the three reactive cell populations(microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils) in the context of ischemic stroke, and provide a comprehensive summary of the molecular mechanisms involved in their phenotypic switching. By unraveling the complexity of cell polarization, we hope to offer insights for future research on neuroinflammation and novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.

关键词： astrocyte polarization immune regulation inflammation ischemic injury microglia polarization neutrophil polarization signaling pathways stroke

Increased excitatory amino acid transporter 2 levels in basolateral amygdala astrocytes mediate chronic stress–induced anxiety-like behavior

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1721-1734页

作者： Xirong Xu Shoumin xuan Shuai Chen Dan Liu Qian Xiao Jie Tu Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation for Neurological Diseases Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain ScienceShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute(BCBDI)Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute(BCBDI)Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina University of Chinese of Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Faculty of Life and Health Sciences Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina

The conventional perception of astrocytes as mere supportive cells within the brain has recently been called into question by empirical evidence, which has revealed their active involvement in regulating brain function and encoding behaviors associated with ***, astrocytes in the basolateral amygdala have been found to play a role in the modulation of anxiety-like behaviors triggered by chronic stress. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms by which basolateral amygdala astrocytes regulate chronic stress–induced anxiety-like behaviors remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we found that in a mouse model of anxiety triggered by unpredictable chronic mild stress, the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 was upregulated in the basolateral amygdala. Interestingly, our findings indicate that the targeted knockdown of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 specifically within the basolateral amygdala astrocytes was able to rescue the anxiety-like behavior in mice subjected to stress. Furthermore, we found that the overexpression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in the basolateral amygdala, whether achieved through intracranial administration of excitatory amino acid transporter 2agonists or through injection of excitatory amino acid transporter 2-overexpressing viruses with GfaABC1D promoters, evoked anxiety-like behavior in mice. Our single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis further confirmed that chronic stress induced an upregulation of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 specifically in astrocytes in the basolateral amygdala. Moreover, through in vivo calcium signal recordings, we found that the frequency of calcium activity in the basolateral amygdala of mice subjected to chronic stress was higher compared with normal *** knocking down the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in the basolateral amygdala, the frequency of calcium activity was not significantly increased, and anxiety-like behavior was ob

关键词： anxiety astrocytes basolateral amygdala behavior dihydrokainic acid excitatory amino acid transporter 2 fiber photometry glutamate LDN-212320 transporter

Burden of mental disorders and risk factors in the Western Pacific region from 1990 to 2021

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2025年第1期15卷 93-105页

作者： Ya-Xin Xu Xiao-xuan Niu Wen-Chang Jia Jing Wen xue-Lin Cheng Yan Han Ming-Hui Peng Jing Zhou Yao Liu Sun-Fang Jiang Xiao-Pan Li Department of Health Management Centre Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200030China Department of General Practice Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200030China Department of Nutrition Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China School of Public Health Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

BACKGROUND The burden of mental disorders(MD)in the Western Pacific Region(WPR)re-mains a critical public health concern,with substantial variations across demogra-phics and *** To analyze the burden of MD in the WPR from 1990 to 2021,along with associated risk factors,to reveal changing trends and emerging *** We used data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021,analyzing prevalence,incidence,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)of MD from 1990 to *** methods included age-standardisation and uncertainty analysis to address variations in population structure and data *** Between 1990 and 2021,the prevalence of MD rose from 174.40 million cases[95%uncertainty interval(UI):160.17-189.84]to 234.90 million cases(95%UI:219.04-252.50),with corresponding DALYs increasing from 22.8 million(95%UI:17.22-28.79)to 32.07 million(95%UI:24.50-40.68).During this period,the burden of MD shifted towards older age *** and anxiety disorders were predominant,with females showing higher DALYs for depressive and anxiety disorders,and males more affected by conduct disorders,attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder,and autism spectrum ***,New Zealand,and Malaysia reported the highest burdens,whereas Vietnam,China,and Brunei Darussalam reported the ***,childhood sexual abuse and bullying,and intimate partner violence emerged as significant risk *** This study highlights the significant burden of MD in the WPR,with variations by age,gender,and *** coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has exacerbated the situation,emphasizing the need for a coordinated response.

关键词： Mental disorders Western pacific region Global Burden of Disease Risk factors Disability-adjusted life years

Electrochemical and corrosion behaviors of the wrought Mg–Y–Zn based alloys with high Y/Zn mole ratios

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第4期9卷 1427-1435页

作者： xuan Liu Zijian Zhu Jilai xue School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The electrochemical behaviors and corrosion resistance of the wrought Mg–Y–Zn based alloys with high Y/Zn mole ratio have been investigated in *** results show that the corrosion resistance of the investigated Mg–Y–Zn based alloys are dependent on the modified arrangement of LPSO phase by adjusting Y/Zn mole *** the Y/Zn mole ratio not only greatly decreases the size of LPSO phase plates,but also leads to the precipitation of Mg_(24)Y_(5) *** corrosion rate of Mg–Y–Zn based alloys greatly increases from 7.4 mg·cm^(−2)·day^(−1) to 11.3 mg·cm^(−2)·day^(−1) with increasing the Y/Zn mole ratio up to *** should be attributed to the decreasing size of LPSO phase plates as cathodes,further increasing the hydrogen evolution *** related corrosion mechanism is discussed in details.

关键词： Mg–Y–Zn alloys Y/Zn mole ratio Corrosion resistance Electrochemical behaviors Microstructures