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An estimation model for the fragmentation properties of brittle rock block due to the impacts against an obstruction

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第6期14卷 1161-1173页

作者： HOU Tian-xing xu Qiang XIE Hong-qiang xu nu-wen ZHOU Jia-wen State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Siehuan University Chengdu 610065 China State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China College of Water Resource and Hydropower Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China

Mountain hazards with large masses of rock blocks in motion – such as rock falls, avalanches and landslides – threaten human lives and structures. Dynamic fragmentation is a common phenomenon during the movement process of rock blocks in rock avalanche, due to the high velocity and impacts against obstructions. In view of the energy consumption theory for brittle rock fragmentation proposed by Bond, which relates energy to size reduction, a theoretical model is proposed to estimate the average fragment size for a moving rock block when it impacts against an obstruction. Then, different forms of motion are studied, with various drop heights and slope angles for the moving rock block. The calculated results reveal that the average fragment size decreases as the drop height increases, whether for free-fall or for a sliding or rolling rock block, and the decline in size is rapid for low heights and slow for increasing heights in the corresponding curves. Moreover, the average fragment size also decreases as the slope angle increases for a slidingrock block. In addition, a rolling rock block has a higher degree of fragmentation than a sliding rock block, even for the same slope angle and block volume. Finally, to compare with others' results, the approximate number of fragments is estimated for each calculated example, and the results show that the proposed model is applicable to a relatively isotropic moving rock block.

关键词： Rock block Rock fragmentation Rock movement process Crushing work ratio Average fragment size

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Interaction between anti-shear galleries and surrounding rock in the right-bank slope of Dagangshan hydropower station

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第7期14卷 1428-1444页

作者： LI Lian-chong XING Ya-zi LIU Xing-zong MA Ke xu nu-wen ZHANG Fei School of Resources and Civil Engineering Northeastern University School of Civil Engineering Dalian University of Technology College of Water Resources and Hydropower Sichuan University

The fight-bank slope of the Dagangshan hydropower station located in Southwest China is a highly unloaded rock slope. Moreover, large-scale natural faults were detected in the slope body; some excavation-induced unloading fractures were discovered at elevations between lo75m and 1146m. Because of poor tectonic stability, the excavation work was suspended in September 2009, and six large- scale anti-shear galleries were employed to replace the weak zone in the slope body to reinforce the fight- bank slope. In this study, based on microseismic- monitoring technology and a numerical-simulation method, the stabilities of the slope with and without the reinforcement are analysed. An in-situ microseismic-monitofing system is used to obtain quantitative information about the damage location, extent, energy, and magnitude of the rocks. Thus, any potential sliding block in the fight-bank slope can be identified. By incorporating the numerical results along with the microseismic-monitoring data, the stress concentration is found to largely occur aroundthe anti-shear galleries, and the seismic deformation near the anti-shear galleries is apparent, particularly at elevations of 121o, 118o, 115o, and 112om. To understand the interaction mechanism between the anti-shear gallery and the surrounding rock, a 2D simulation of the potential damage process occurring in an anti-shear gallery is performed. The numerical simulation helps in obtaining additional information about the stress distribution and failure-induced stress re-distribution in the vicinity of the anti-shear galleries that cannot be directly observed in the field. Finally, the potential sliding surface of the right-bank slope is numerically obtained, which generally agrees with the spatial distribution of the in-situ monitored microseismic events. The safety factor of the slope reinforced with the anti-shear gallery increases by approximately 36.2%. Both the numerical results and microseismic data show that the anti-sh

关键词： Slope stability Microseismic monitoring numerical simulation Safety factor Anti-sheargallery

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Characteristics of microseismic b-value associated with rock mass large deformation in underground powerhouse caverns at different stress levels

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Journal of Central South University 2022年第2期29卷 693-711页

作者： LI Biao DING Quan-fu xu nu-wen DAI Feng xu Yuan QU Hong-lue School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering College ofWater Resource and HydropowerSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordOX51PFUnited Kingdom

Rock mass large deformation in underground powerhouse caverns has been a severe hazard in hydropower engineering in Southwest *** the development of rock mass large deformation,a sequence of fractures was generated that can be monitored using microseismic(MS)monitoring *** MS monitoring systems were established in two typical underground powerhouse caverns featuring distinct geostress *** MS b-values associated with rock mass large deformation and their temporal variation are *** results showed that the MS bvalue in course of rock mass deformation was less than 1.0 in the underground powerhouse caverns at a high stress level while larger than 1.5 at a low stress *** to the rock mass deformation,the MS b-values derived from both the high-stress and low-stress underground powerhouse caverns show an incremental decrease over 10%within 10 *** results contribute to understanding the fracturing characteristics of MS sources associated with rock mass large deformation and provide a reference for early warning of rock mass large deformation in underground powerhouse caverns.

关键词： underground powerhouse caverns rock mass large deformation stress level microseismic monitoring bvalue

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微震震源定位研究现状及展望

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地球物理学进展 2020年第2期35卷 598-607页

作者：李翔徐奴文四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室成都610065

微震震源定位研究是微震监测技术研究的重点之一,定位精度的高低直接影响着微震分析的结果.随着微震监测技术的广泛应用,出现了大量新的微震震源定位方法,针对不同的工程研究,这些方法各有千秋.首先,通过收集并分析近20年来国内外比较... 详细信息

微震震源定位研究是微震监测技术研究的重点之一,定位精度的高低直接影响着微震分析的结果.随着微震监测技术的广泛应用,出现了大量新的微震震源定位方法,针对不同的工程研究,这些方法各有千秋.首先,通过收集并分析近20年来国内外比较盛行的微震震源定位方法,其包括混合优化法、震源扫描算法、波速模型法和无预先测速法.然后,讨论这些方法的优缺点及适用条件,并主要分析微震检波器分布、首次到时拾取、波速模型和定位算法对微震震源定位的影响.最后,讨论地球物理学、声学、军事学等领域已有的先进定位方法在微震震源定位研究的意义.结果表明:(1)优化传感器的布置,必须协调自动到时拾取、波速模型和定位算法之间的关系;(2)减小波速模型和首次到达时间对震源位置的影响是微震监测未来发展的必然要求;(3)采用射线追踪理论、逆时偏移成像和被动时间反转镜技术可对速度结构模型进行优化;(4)利用双波定位、信息融合技术可进一步提高定位精度;(5)其他领域的先进定位方法在微震震源定位研究上具有潜在价值,可以达到微震震源定位更快、更准、更稳定的目的.

关键词：震源定位影响因素首波到时时间波速模型信息融合发展前景

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Unconditionally stable Crank-Nicolson algorithm with enhanced absorption for rotationally symmetric multi-scale problems in anisotropic magnetized plasma

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2024年第1期35卷 65-73页

作者： wen Yi WANG Junxiang xu Hongbing School of Automatic Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Beijing Institute of Aerospace Systems Engineering Beijing 100076China

Large calculation error can be formed by directly employing the conventional Yee’s grid to curve *** order to alleviate such condition,unconditionally stable CrankNicolson Douglas-Gunn(CNDG)algorithm with is proposed for rotationally symmetric multi-scale problems in anisotropic magnetized *** the CNDG algorithm,an alternative scheme for the simulation of anisotropic plasma is proposed in body-of-revolution *** perfectly matched layer(CPML)formulation is proposed to efficiently solve the open region *** example is carried out for the illustration of effectiveness including the efficiency,resources,and *** the results,it can be concluded that the proposed scheme shows considerable performance during the simulation.

关键词： anisotropic magnetized plasma body-of-revolution(BOR) Crank-Nicolson Douglas-Gunn(CNDG) finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) perfectly matched layer(PML) rotationally symmetric multi-scale problems

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基于异向波速模型的微震定位改进

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地球物理学报 2016年第9期59卷 3291-3301页

作者：戴峰郭亮徐奴文樊义林徐剑姜鹏四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室成都610065 山东大学土建与水利学院济南250061 中国长江三峡集团公司北京100038

针对波速分层的区域岩体,在异向波速模型的基础上,对垂向上的应力波按岩体波速值大小作分段区别,推导震源应力波走时关系式,建立分层速度定位目标函数,基于此提出一种由参数准备、层速度反演、微震定位三个模块组成的分层速度定位模型SV... 详细信息

针对波速分层的区域岩体,在异向波速模型的基础上,对垂向上的应力波按岩体波速值大小作分段区别,推导震源应力波走时关系式,建立分层速度定位目标函数,基于此提出一种由参数准备、层速度反演、微震定位三个模块组成的分层速度定位模型SV,并采用遗传算法进行优化求解.然后,对分层速度定位模型在已构建微震监测系统的白鹤滩水电站左岸岩质边坡进行验证.微震事件重定位结果表明,分层速度定位模型定位微震事件的最大、最小和平均偏离层内错动带程度指标较单一速度模型分别降低了57.17%、36.51%和57.35%,证明了定位模型在波速分层的区域岩体微震定位应用中比单一速度定位模型更加合理可靠.

关键词：微震监测异向波速模型分层速度定位模型遗传算法岩质边坡

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Formation mechanism of rockburst in deep tunnel adjacent to faults:Implication from numerical simulation and microseismic monitoring

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Journal of Central South University 2022年第12期29卷 4035-4050页

作者： CHEN Yi-yi XIAO Pei-wei LI Peng ZHOU Xiang LIANG Zheng-zhao xu nu-wen State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering(Sichuan University) Chengdu 610065China College of Water Resource and Hydropower Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China CHN Energy Dadu River Hydropower Development Co. Ltd.Chengdu 610041China State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

Rockbursts were frequently encountered in the construction of deeply buried tunnels at the Jinping-II hydropower station, Southwest China. In those cases, the existence of large structural planes, such as faults, was usually observed near the excavation boundaries. The formation mechanism of the “11·28” rockburst, which was a typical rockburst and occurred in a drainage tunnel under a deep burial depth, high in-situ stress state and complex geological conditions, has been difficult to explain. Realistic failure process analysis(RFPA3D) software was adopted to numerically simulate the whole failure process of the surrounding rock mass around the tunnel subjected to excavation. The spatial distribution of acoustic emission derived from numerical simulation contributed to explaining the mechanical responses of the process. Analyses of the stress, safety reserve coefficient and damage degree were performed to reveal the effect of faults on the formation of rockbursts in the deep tunnel. The existence of faults results in the formation of stress anomaly areas between the tunnel and the fault. The surrounding rock mass failure propagates toward the fault from the initial failure, to different degrees. The relative positions and angles of faults play significant roles in the extent and development of surrounding rock mass failure, respectively. The increase in the lateral stress coefficient leads to the aggravation of the surrounding rock mass damage, especially in the roof and floor of the tunnel. Moreover, as the rock strength-stress ratio increases, the failure mode of the near-fault tunnel gradually changes from the stress-controlled type to the compound-controlled type. These findings were consistent with the microseismic monitoring results and field observations, which was helpful to understand the mechanical behavior of tunnel excavation affected by faults. The achievements of this study can provide some references for analysis of the failure mechanisms of similar d

关键词： near-fault tunnel rockburst numerical simulation formation mechanism microseismic monitoring

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CdS/LaFeO_(3) heterojunctions with improved optical properties for visible-light catalytic applications

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第5期42卷 879-888,I0003页

作者： Jiaqi Wei wen Zhu xuelian xu Xiao xu Junjiang Zhu Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing&Finishing College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringWuhan Textile University ChemistryWuhan430200China

Construction of heterojunctions is a normal and effective strategy to improve the photocatalytic performances of semiconductors,through which both the lifetime and the redox ability of electrons/holes can be improved,as co mpared to the respective *** this basis,we constructed Z-scheme CdS/LaFeO_(3) heterojunctions(CdS/LFO),by in-situ growing different amounts of CdS on the surface of LaFeO_(3),for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride(TC)in aqueous solution at room *** crystal structure,surface morphology and optoelectronic properties of the COS/LFO heterojunctions were systemically characterized to correlate the reaction *** tests indicate that the CdS/LFO heterojunctions exhibit promising activity for TC degradation under visible light irradiation(λ≥420 nm),with 85%TC conversion obtained at reaction time of 45 min,which is 3.4 and 1.9 times higher than that of CdS and LaFeO_(3).The CdS/LFO heterojunctions are also stable in the reaction and can be reused for four cycles with no appreciable activity *** applicability of CdS/LFO to photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes,as well as the reaction mechanism,was also explored.

关键词： LaFeO_(3) CdS Photocatalytic degradation Tetracycline hydrochloride Reaction mechanism Rare earths

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基于离散元模拟和微震监测的白鹤滩水电站左岸岩质边坡稳定性分析

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岩土力学 2017年第8期38卷 2358-2367页

作者：徐奴文李韬戴峰李彪樊义林徐剑四川大学水利水电学院水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室四川成都610065 中国长江三峡集团公司北京100038

西南地区水电站复杂高陡边坡的开挖稳定性一直是水电工程建设的关键技术问题之一。在研究金沙江白鹤滩水电站左岸边坡地形地貌、工程地质特性、地应力实测资料等基础上,利用通用离散元程序UDEC建立左岸顺层边坡离散元模型,进行开挖卸荷... 详细信息

西南地区水电站复杂高陡边坡的开挖稳定性一直是水电工程建设的关键技术问题之一。在研究金沙江白鹤滩水电站左岸边坡地形地貌、工程地质特性、地应力实测资料等基础上,利用通用离散元程序UDEC建立左岸顺层边坡离散元模型,进行开挖卸荷过程坝基边坡的稳定性分析,获得边坡开挖过程应力场、位移场、塑性区分布规律,揭示了顺层岩质边坡变形失稳机制。同时,结合左岸边坡开挖卸荷和应力调整过程微震活动特征,识别和圈定了左岸边坡深部岩体潜在损伤区域和滑裂面。综合研究结果表明,左岸边坡变形主要受构造应力、地质条件和开挖卸荷等综合因素影响,其中软弱结构面LS_(3318)、LS_(3319)、LS_(331)、LS_(337)、F_(17)等对坝基边坡开挖变形起决定性作用。研究成果可为左岸边坡开挖和支护施工提供参考,同时也为类似顺层岩质边坡工程开挖支护提供研究思路。

关键词：岩质边坡数值模拟离散元微震监测稳定性

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Nonlinear Extrapolation Estimates of π

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2024年第1期40卷 91-108页

作者： wen-qing xu Sha-sha Wang Da-chuan xu Beijing Institute for Scientific and Engineering Computing Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Department of Mathematics and Statistics California State UniversityLong BeachCalifornia90840USA Department of Mathematics and Physics Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang050043China

The classical Archimedean approximation of π uses the semiperimeter or area of regular polygons inscribed in or circumscribed about a unit circle in R~2 and it is well-known that by using linear combinations of these basic estimates,modern extrapolation techniques can greatly speed up the approximation ***,when n vertices are randomly selected on the circle,the semiperimeter and area of the corresponding random inscribed and circumscribing polygons are known to converge to π almost surely as n→∞,and by further applying extrapolation processes,faster convergence rates can also be achieved through similar linear combinations of the semiperimeter and area of these random *** this paper,we further develop nonlinear extrapolation methods for approximating π through certain nonlinear functions of the semiperimeter and area of such *** focus on two types of extrapolation estimates of the forms χ_n=S_n~αA_n~β and Y_n(p)=(αS_n~p+βA_n~p)~(1/p) where α+β=1,p≠0,and Sn and An respectively represents the semiperimeter and area of a random n-gon inscribed in the unit circle in R~2,and Xn may be viewed as the limit of Y_n(p) when p→*** deriving probabilistic asymptotic expansions with carefully controlled error estimates for Xn and Y_n(p),we show that the choice α=4/3,β=-1/3 minimizes the approximation error in both cases,and their distributions are also asymptotically normal.

关键词： Archimedean polygons random polygons approximations ofπ extrapolation processes asymptotic convergence

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