Nonlinear Extrapolation Estimates of π

作     者：Wen-qing Xu Sha-sha Wang Da-chuan Xu Wen-qing XU;Sha-sha WANG;Da-chuan XU

作者机构：Beijing Institute for Scientific and Engineering ComputingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Department of Mathematics and StatisticsCalifornia State UniversityLong BeachCalifornia90840USA Department of Mathematics and PhysicsShijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang050043China 

出 版 物：《Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica》 (应用数学学报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2024年第40卷第1期

页      面：91-108页

核心收录：

学科分类：02[经济学] 0202[经济学-应用经济学] 020208[经济学-统计学] 07[理学] 0714[理学-统计学（可授理学、经济学学位）] 070103[理学-概率论与数理统计] 0701[理学-数学] 

基　　金：supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.12131003) 

主　　题：Archimedean polygons random polygons approximations ofπ extrapolation processes asymptotic convergence 

摘      要：The classical Archimedean approximation of π uses the semiperimeter or area of regular polygons inscribed in or circumscribed about a unit circle in R~2 and it is well-known that by using linear combinations of these basic estimates,modern extrapolation techniques can greatly speed up the approximation ***,when n vertices are randomly selected on the circle,the semiperimeter and area of the corresponding random inscribed and circumscribing polygons are known to converge to π almost surely as n→∞,and by further applying extrapolation processes,faster convergence rates can also be achieved through similar linear combinations of the semiperimeter and area of these random *** this paper,we further develop nonlinear extrapolation methods for approximating π through certain nonlinear functions of the semiperimeter and area of such *** focus on two types of extrapolation estimates of the forms χ_n=S_n~αA_n~β and Y_n(p)=(αS_n~p+βA_n~p)~(1/p) where α+β=1,p≠0,and Sn and An respectively represents the semiperimeter and area of a random n-gon inscribed in the unit circle in R~2,and Xn may be viewed as the limit of Y_n(p) when p→*** deriving probabilistic asymptotic expansions with carefully controlled error estimates for Xn and Y_n(p),we show that the choice α=4/3,β=-1/3 minimizes the approximation error in both cases,and their distributions are also asymptotically normal.