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Generation of single-cycle relativistic infrared pulses at wavelengths above 20 μm from density-tailored plasmas

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2022年第1期7卷 29-34页

作者： xing-long zhu Wei-Yuan Liu Su-Ming Weng Min Chen Zheng-Ming Sheng Jie Zhang Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(MOE) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China SUPA Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUnited Kingdom

Ultra-intense short-pulse light sources are powerful tools for a wide range of ***,relativistic short-pulse lasers are normally generated in the near-infrared ***,we present a promising and efficient way to generate tunable relativistic ultrashort pulses with wavelengths above 20μm in a density-tailored *** this approach,in the first stage,an intense drive laser first excites a nonlinear wake in an underdense plasma,and its photon frequency is then downshifted via phase modulation as it propagates in the plasma ***,in the second stage,the drive pulse enters a lower-density plasma region so that the wake has a larger plasma cavity in which longer-wavelength infrared pulses can be *** simulations show that the resulting near-single-cycle pulses cover a broad spectral range of 10–40μm with a conversion efficiency of∼2.1%(∼34 mJ pulse energy).This enables the investigation of nonlinear infrared optics in the relativistic regime and offers new possibilities for the investigation of ultrafast phenomena and physics in strong fields.

关键词： relativistic regime intense

Collimated GeV attosecond electron–positron bunches from a plasma channel driven by 10 PW lasers

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2019年第1期4卷 42-47页

作者： xing-long zhu Min Chen Tong-Pu Yu Su-Ming Weng Feng He Zheng-Ming Sheng Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(MoE) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Physics National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China SUPA Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUK Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

High-energy positrons and bright g-ray sources are of great importance both in fundamental research and for practical ***,collimated GeV electron–positron pair jets and g-ray flashes are still rarely produced in the ***,we demonstrate that by irradiating a near-critical-density plasma channel with two 10 PW-scale laser pulses,highly directional GeV electron–positron pairs and bright g-ray beams can be efficiently ***-dimensional particle-incell simulations show the formation of GeV positron jets with high density(8×10^(21)=cm^(3)),attosecond duration(400 as),and a divergence angle of 14°.Additionally,ultrabright[2×10^(25) photons s^(-1)1 mm^(-2) mrad^(-2) (0.1%bandwidth_(-1)]collimated attosecond(370 as)g-ray flashes with a laser energy conversion efficiency of 5.6%are *** features show the significant advantage of using a plasma channel as compared with a uniformplasma and thus open up new possibilities for a wide variety of applications.

关键词： positron second directional

Creating rat hepatocyte organoid as an in vitro model for drug testing

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2020年第10期12卷 1184-1195页

作者： Yu-Ting He xing-long zhu Sheng-Fu Li Bing-Qi Zhang Yi Li Qiong Wu Yun-Lin Zhang Yan-Yan Zhou Li Li Ya-Na Qi Ji Bao Hong Bu Laboratory of Pathology Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyNHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology NHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Pathology West China HospitalChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Liver organoids have recently been applied as models for liver disease and drug screening,especially when combined with liver-on-a-chip *** to hepatocyte-like cells,primary hepatocytes have high functionality but cannot maintain their function when cultured in *** stem cells(MSCs)enhance hepatocyte function and maintain hepatocyte metabolism when co-cultured with *** can help induced pluripotent stem cells to generate an organoid structure via the MSC-based traction force triggered by extracellular matrix(ECM)*** this study,primary hepatocytes were cocultured with MSCs on a liver-derived ECM to generate liver organoids within a short *** To create hepatocyte organoids by co-culturing primary hepatocytes with MSCs on a porcine liver extracellular matrix(PLECM)*** Perfusion and enzymatic hydrolysis were used to form the PLECM *** hepatocytes and human MSCs were mixed and plated on pre-solidified PLECM gel in a 48-well plate for 48 h to generate *** organoids were evaluated through hematoxylin and eosin,periodic acid-Schiff,immunohistological,and immunofluorescence staining,and quantitative PCR for alb,CYP450 gene markers,and urea cycle *** medium was collected to detect albumin(ALB)and urea production on days 2,4,6,8,14,and *** The whole porcine liver was perfused and enzymatically hydrolyzed to form a PLECM *** structural components and basement membrane composition of the ECM,such as collagen type I,collagen type IV,fibronectin,and laminin,were demonstrated to be *** interaction of human MSCs with the liverderived ECM,primary hepatocytes and human MSCs assembled together into a 3D construction and generated primary hepatocyte organoids for 48 *** mRNAs of the gene alb,the CYP450 gene markers cyp1a1,cyp1a2,and cyp3a2 as well as urea cycle genes arg-1,asl,ass-1,cps-1,nags were highly expressed in hepatocyte ***-term surviv

关键词： Organoid Primary hepatocytes Stem cells Liver therapies Extracellular matrix Drug screening

rAAV-CRISPR/Cas9-mediated in vivo delivery of porcine embryos to construct knockout pigs

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年第12期67卷 2587-2589页

作者： Mengyu Gao Yu Ting He xing long zhu Wan Liu Peng Xinmei Liu Yanyan Zhou Yang Deng Qin Liu Guangneng Liao Yi Li Wei Ni Guang Yang Jiayin Yang Yang Yang Lang Bai Hong Bu Ji Bao Department of Pathology Institute of Clinical Pathology Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology West China Hospital Sichuan University Experimental Animal Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Institute of Respiratory Health West China Hospital Sichuan University Security Department West China Hospital Sichuan University Laboratory of Liver Transplantation Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network West China Hospital Sichuan University State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Center of Infectious Diseases West China Hospital Sichuan University

Dear editor,Pigs are widely used for studying human disease mechanisms and gene therapy,particularly as the primary donors for xenotransplantation, because of their anatomical, physiological, and metabolic similarities to those of humans, as well as their shorter growth cycles, higher reproductive rates, and lower feeding costs than nonhuman primates(Gao et al.,2023).

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Laparoscopic liver resection utilizing the ventral avascular area of the inferior vena cava:A retrospective cohort study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第1期31卷 42-57页

作者： Kun Huang zhu Chen Heng Xiao Hai-Yang Hu xing-Yu Chen Cheng-You Du Xiang Lan Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400000China Department of General Surgery Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineMianyang 621000Sichuan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)can be challenging due to the difficulty of establishing a retrohepatic tunnel under *** the third hepatic hilum before parenchymal transection often leads to significant liver mobilization,tumor compression,and bleeding from the short hepatic veins(SHVs).This study introduces a novel technique utilizing the ventral avascular area of the inferior vena cava(IVC),allowing SHVs to be addressed after parenchymal transection,thereby reducing surgical complexity and improving outcomes in in situ *** To introduce and evaluate a novel LLR technique using the ventral avascular area of the IVC and compare its short-term outcomes with conventional *** The clinical cohort data of patients with pathologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who underwent conventional LLR and novel LLR between July 2021 and July 2023 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were retrospectively *** novel LLR,we initially separated the caudate lobe from the IVC using dissecting forceps along the ventral avascular area of the ***,we transected the parenchyma of the left and right caudate lobes from the caudal side to the cephalic side using the avascular area as a ***,we addressed the SHVs and finally dissected the root of the right hepatic vein or left hepatic *** short-term postoperative outcomes and oncological results of the two approaches were evaluated and *** A total of 256 patients were included,with 150(58.59%)undergoing conventional LLR and 106(41.41%)undergoing novel *** novel technique resulted in significantly larger tumor resections(6.47±2.96 cm vs 4.01±2.33 cm,P<0.001),shorter operative times(199.57±60.37 minutes vs 262.33±83.90 minutes,P<0.001),less intraoperative blood loss(206.92±37.09 mL vs 363.34±131.27 mL,P<0.001),and greater resection volume(345.11±31.40 mL vs 264.38±31.98 mL,P<0.001)comp

关键词： Laparoscopic liver resection Inferior vena cava Retrohepatic tunnel Short hepatic veins Complex liver tumors Intraoperative bleeding control

Small extracellular vesicles derived from human induced pluripotent stem cell-differentiated neural progenitor cells mitigate retinal ganglion cell degeneration in a mouse model of optic nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 587-597页

作者： Tong Li Hui-Min xing Hai-Dong Qian Qiao Gao Sheng-Lan Xu Hua Ma Zai-long Chi State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Optometry and Visual ScienceEye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina

Several studies have found that transplantation of neural progenitor cells(NPCs)promotes the survival of injured ***,a poor integration rate and high risk of tumorigenicity after cell transplantation limits their clinical *** extracellular vesicles(sEVs)contain bioactive molecules for neuronal protection and *** studies have shown that stem/progenitor cell-derived sEVs can promote neuronal survival and recovery of neurological function in neurodegenerative eye diseases and other eye *** this study,we intravitreally transplanted sEVs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells(hiPSCs)and hiPSCs-differentiated NPCs(hiPSC-NPC)in a mouse model of optic nerve *** results show that these intravitreally injected sEVs were ingested by retinal cells,especially those localized in the ganglion cell *** with hiPSC-NPC-derived sEVs mitigated optic nerve crush-induced retinal ganglion cell degeneration,and regulated the retinal microenvironment by inhibiting excessive activation of *** analysis further revealed that hiPSC-NPC derived sEVs transported neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory miRNA cargos to target cells,which had protective effects on RGCs after optic nerve *** findings suggest that sEVs derived from hiPSC-NPC are a promising cell-free therapeutic strategy for optic neuropathy.

关键词： exosome miRNA neural progenitor cell neurodegeneration neuroinflammation neuroprotection optic nerve crush optic neuropathy retinal ganglion cell small extracellular vesicles

Reduced mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor expression by mutant androgen receptor contributes to neurodegeneration in a model of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy pathology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2655-2666页

作者： Yiyang Qin Wenzhen zhu Tingting Guo Yiran Zhang Tingting xing Peng Yin Shihua Li Xiao-Jiang Li Su Yang Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration(Ministry of Education)Guangdong–HongKong–Macao Institute of CNS RegenerationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy is a neurodegenerative disease caused by extended CAG trinucleotide repeats in the androgen receptor gene,which encodes a ligand-dependent transcription facto *** mutant androgen receptor protein,characterized by polyglutamine expansion,is prone to misfolding and forms aggregates in both the nucleus and cytoplasm in the brain in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy *** aggregates alter protein-protein interactions and compromise transcriptional *** this study,we reported that in both cultured N2a cells and mouse brain,mutant androgen receptor with polyglutamine expansion causes reduced expression of mesencephalic astrocyte-de rived neurotrophic *** n of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor amelio rated the neurotoxicity of mutant androgen receptor through the inhibition of mutant androgen receptor *** down endogenous mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor in the mouse brain exacerbated neuronal damage and mutant androgen receptor *** findings suggest that inhibition of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor expression by mutant androgen receptor is a potential mechanism underlying neurodegeneration in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy.

关键词： androgen receptor mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor mouse model neurodegeneration neuronal loss neurotrophic factor polyglutamine disease protein misfolding spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy transcription factor

Exploring the potential of extrachromosomal DNA as a novel oncogenic driver

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期 144-157页

作者： Huanbo zhu longtao Huangfu Junbing Chen Jiafu Ji Xiaofang xing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing) Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research LaboratoryPeking University Cancer Hospital & Institute Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation Liver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan University Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational ResearchDivision of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research LaboratoryPeking University Cancer Hospital & Institute

Extrachromosomal DNA(ecDNA) is a form of circular DNA mostly found in tumor cells. Unlike the typical chromosomal DNA, ecDNA is circular, self-replicating, and carries complete or partial gene fragments. Although ecDNA occurrence remains a rare event in cancer, recent studies have shown that oncogene amplification on ecDNA is widespread throughout many types of cancer, implying that ecDNA plays a central role in accelerating tumor evolution. ecDNA has also been associated with increased tumor mutation burden, chromosomal instability, and even tumor microenvironment remodeling. ecDNA may be crucial in influencing tumor heterogeneity, drug sensitivity,oncogenic senescence, and tumor immunogenicity, leading to a worsening prognosis for tumor patients. In this way, several clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the importance of ecDNA in clinical treatment. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis, characteristics, and current research methods of ecDNA, discuss the vital role of ecDNA-caused tumor heterogeneity in cancers, and highlight the potential role of ecDNA in cancer therapy.

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Boosting Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance on NiFe‑Based Catalysts Through d‑Orbital Hybridization

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 281-292页

作者： xing Wang Wei Pi Sheng Hu Haifeng Bao Na Yao Wei Luo State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technology Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Applications of Hubei ProvinceSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200People’s Republic of China College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072People’s Republic of China

Anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers(AEMWEs)for green hydrogen production have received intensive attention due to their feasibility of using earth-abundant NiFe-based *** introducing a third metal into NiFe-based catalysts to construct asymmetrical M-NiFe units,the d-orbital and electronic structures can be adjusted,which is an important strategy to achieve sufficient oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance in ***,the ternary NiFeM(M:La,Mo)catalysts featured with distinct M-NiFe units and varying d-orbitals are reported in this *** and theoretical calculation results reveal that the doping of La leads to optimized hybridization between d orbital in NiFeM and 2p in oxygen,resulting in enhanced adsorption strength of oxygen intermediates,and reduced rate-determining step energy barrier,which is responsible for the enhanced OER *** critically,the obtained NiFeLa catalyst only requires 1.58 V to reach 1 A cm^(−2) in an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer and demonstrates excellent long-term stability of up to 600 h.

关键词： NiFe-based catalysts d-orbital coupling Oxygen evolution reaction Anion exchange membrane electrolyzer